胃癌单克隆抗体-丝裂霉素C结合物的制备及其细胞毒特征

作者报道胃癌单克隆抗体MG11-丝裂霉素C(MMC)结合物的制备及其对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用。首先用戊二酐处理MMC,于MMC上引入羧基,MMC衍生物与N羟基琥珀酰亚胺及2,2′-二环已基碳二亚胺反应,得到MMC活性酯,后者与抗体反应将MMC引入抗体中。经测定,每克分子抗体中引入约6～7克分子药物,结合物对人胃癌细胞KATⅢ具有较强的选择性杀伤作用,在0.56μg/ml水平(药物浓度)对肿瘤细胞杀伤牢达60％,优于游离药物(51％)及无关抗体结合物(9.3％),提示选用的胃癌单抗对MMC具有较好的导向作用。     

Pulsed dye laser (577 nm) treatment of portwine stains: ultrastructural evidence of neovascularization and mast cell degranulation in healed lesions

Portwine stains were examined before, immediately after, and 1 yr after successful clearance by a pulsed dye laser (577 nm) using ultrastructural techniques. Dilated vascular channels and mast cell hypoplasia characterized lesional skin before treatment. Immediately after treatment, widespread selective vessel necrosis, similar to changes previously described, was observed. One year after laser irradiation, the abnormally ectatic portwine stain vessels had been replaced by small venules and arterioles, similar in number and diameter to blood vessels in normal skin; the only difference noted was that these new vessels were surrounded by easily identifiable mast cells. Many of these mast cells exhibited evidence of activation and degranulation. We conclude that mast cells may play an important role in the neovascularization of portwine stains treated by 577-nm dye laser irradiation.     

Penicillin treatment for gonorrhoea in relation to early syphilis in prostitutes.

A retrospective study of prostitutes in Singapore showed that they had received less antigonorrhoeal treatment with penicillin derivatives during the three month period before early syphilis was diagnosed than in other three month periods when they had not developed syphilis. This suggests that penicillin derivatives in doses sufficient to treat gonorrhoea will abort coincidental early syphilis.     

Muscarinic nature of cholinergic receptors in the cerebellar flocculus involved in the enhancement of the rabbit''s optokinetic response

Intrafloccular micro-injection of the aselective cholinergic agonist carbachol enhances the optokinetic reflex (OKR)17. Histochemical and physiological studies have identified cholinergic receptors of the muscarinic as well as nicotinic type in the cerebellar cortex, and both have been implicated in cholinergic transmission. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the receptor type involved in the control of OKR. For that purpose, effects of injections of the nicotinic N1 agonist DMPP on the OKR and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) were compared with injections of the muscarinic agonist betanechol and the aselective cholinergic agonist carbachol. Injection of betanechol mimicked the enhancement of the OKR by carbachol, while DMPP had no effect. We conclude that muscarinic receptors are involved in the positive modulatory action of the cholinergic system in the cerebellar flocculus.     

A simple tremor model induced by pentobarbitone in guinea pig.

We have recently reported that a combined application of chlorpromazine and pentobarbitone induced intermittently occurring tremor bursts in guinea pigs (Tan et al., in press). This was a chance discovery. It will be shown in the present work that chlorpromazine is not essential for this postural tremor; only pentobarbitone in low dosages produced intermittent tremor bursts in guinea pigs lying in a supine position. Chlorpromazine alone was not effective in producing tremor. The pentobarbitone-induced tremors were attenuated by the i.v. application of biperiden or lioresal. These results indicate that these tremors would be produced by the basal ganglia as in Parkinsonism.     

树鼩中脑腹侧被盖区向尾状核的DOPA能和AChE阳性纤维投射研究

应用荧光逆行标记分别与荧光组化(FAGLU)和AChE-药理组化相结合技术,研究了树鼩中脑腹侧被盖区向尾状核头部的DOPA能和ACHE-阳性纤维投射。结果表明:树鼩中脑腹侧被盖区除分别向同侧和对侧尾状核头部发出DOPA能纤维投射外,还向同侧尾状核头部发出AChE阳性投村纤维;此外,腹侧被盖区存在着向双侧尾核头部发出分叉投射纤维的DOPA能细胞。     

Validating the use of two-item measures of pain beliefs and coping strategies for a veteran population.

Previous research has demonstrated that 2-item versions of subscales from the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory, Coping Strategy Questionnaire, and the Survey of Pain Attitudes appear adequately reliable and valid for use in studies with large sample sizes. It was suggested that use of the abbreviated scales might help to expand the testing and application of cognitive-behavioral models of pain to new settings and with new populations where assessment burden might be a key issue. This study explored the utility of these brief scales among veterans in a Veterans Affairs setting. Strong associations were found between the 2-item versions and their respective parent scales. In addition, the 2-item scales were found to be associated with other pain-related measures, supporting their predictive validity. The results of this study replicate previous findings and offer support for the use of the 2-item versions for both screening and research purposes in Veterans Affairs settings with a veteran population. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents the psychometric properties of brief versions of 3 commonly used pain coping and belief questionnaires in a unique population. These measures could be used clinically for initial screening purposes, as well as for treatment monitoring.     

睫状体缝合复位术的临床观察及护理

目的:探讨适合睫状体缝合复位术病人的护理方法。方法:对34例(34只眼)因外伤致睫状体分离和脱离导致低眼压,随后行睫状体缝合复位术的病人进行观察和护理。结果:32只眼术后1周至6个月眼压恢复正常,其中5只眼术后2～5个月内分别进行第二次手术或氩离子激光光凝而痊愈。视力改善者21例,无变化者13例。结论:睫状体缝合复位术是治疗外伤性睫状体分离和脱离的有效方法。术前行超声生物显微镜(UBM)检查、术后密切观察眼压变化并给予正确处理、做好心理护理和出院指导是确保手术成功的重要措施。     

应用联合减压术治疗中晚期脑疝疗效观察

目的　观察联合减压术治疗特重型颅脑损伤合并嵌顿性脑疝的效果。方法　将 97例格拉斯哥昏迷评分 (GCS) 3～ 5分的特重型颅脑损伤合并嵌顿性脑疝患者随机分为两组 ,分别采用联合减压术 (46例 )与常规骨瓣开颅术 (5 1例 )治疗 ,术后两组均经常规治疗。随访 1～ 32个月 ,平均 7个月。比较两组患者临床疗效、颅内压变化及并发症发生率。结果　联合减压治疗组有效率为 80 .4 % (37/ 4 6例 ) ,其中恢复良好、中残2 7例 (占 5 8.7% ) ,重残 10例 (占 2 1.7% ) ,死亡 9例 (占 19.6 % ) ;常规骨瓣开颅术对照组有效率为 33.4 %(17/ 5 1例 ) ,其中恢复良好、中残 6例 (占 11.8% ) ,重残 11例 (占 2 1.6 % ) ,死亡 34例 (占 6 6 .6 % ) ,两组有效率和病死率比较差异均有显著性 (P均 <0 .0 1)。联合减压治疗组患者颅内压下降速度和程度优于常规骨瓣开颅术对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。联合减压治疗组患者的急性脑膨出、切口疝、切口脑脊液漏、外伤性癫疒间及术后枕叶脑梗死发生率均明显低于常规骨瓣开颅术对照组 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ,但两组术后颅内感染发生率差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　联合减压术治疗特重脑损伤合并嵌顿性脑疝患者的疗效优于常规骨瓣开颅术。