一种视频眼震数据的计算机自动识别方法

目的 判断一组招飞学员视频眼震信号样本的分布,去除眼震图中由于眨眼、主观扫视等异常眼动引起的严重偏离值和干扰值,建立眼震波的计算机自动识别法.方法 采集200例男性招飞学生的眼震数据,采用直方图和Q-Q概率图鉴别样本的分布是否近似于某种类型的分布;通过分析样本的中位数、极差和四分位极差等数字特征,计算数据的上、下截断点...     

双能量CT头颅血管成像的影像质量、辐射剂量及初步临床应用

Objective To assess the clinical value of dual-energy intracranial CT angiography (CTA).Methods Forty-one patients suspected of intracranial vascular diseases underwent dual-energy intracranial CT angiography, and 41 patients who underwent conventional subtraction CT were enrolled as the control group.Image quality of intracranial and skull base vessels and radiation dose between dual-energy CTA and conventional subtraction CTA were compared using two independent sample nonparametrie test and independent-samples t test, respectively.Prevalence and size of lesions detected by dual-energy CTA and digital subtraction CTA were compared using paired-samples t test and Spearman correlative analysis. Results The percentage of image quality scored 5 was 70.7% (29/41) for dual-energy CTA and 75.6% (31/41) for conventional subtraction CTA.There was no significant difference between the two groups(Z= -0.455, P=0.650).Image quality of vessels at the skull base in conventional subtraction CTA was superior to that in dual-energy CTA, especially for the petrosal and syphon segment (Z=-4.087, P= 0.000).Radiation exposure of dual energy CTA and conventional CTA were (396.54±17.43) and (1090.95±114.29) mGy · cm respectively.Radiation exposure was decreased by 64% (t=-38.52, P=0.000) by dual energy CTA compared with conventional subtraction CTA.Out of the 41 patients,19 patients were diagnosed as intracranial aneurysm, 2 patients as arteriovenous malformation (AVM), 3 patients with Moya-moya's disease, and the remaining 17 patients with negative results.Nine patients with intracranial aneurysm, 2 patients with AVM, 3 patients with Moya-moya's disease, and 2 patients with negative findings underwent DSA or operation, with concordant findings from both techniques.Diameter of aneurysm neck, long axis and minor axis by dual-energy CTA was (2.90±1.61), (5.23±1.68) and (3.83±1.69) nun, respectively; Diameter of aneurysm neck, long axis and minor axis by DSA was (2.95±1.71), (5.10±1.60) ,(3.83±1.65) nan,respectively.There was no significant difference for the diameters of aneurysm between dual energy CTA and DSA ((t=-0.734,1.936,0.12.5 respectively, P=0.482,0.085,0.903 respectively), and good correlation was found between diameter measurements using the two techniques(r=0.964,0.976,0.973, respectively, all P=0.000) Conclusions Compared with conventional subtraction CTA, dual energy CTA has good image quality for intracranial vessels; however, image quality of the skull base vessels is worse, especially for the petrosal and syphon segment.Dual energy CTA has decreased radiation dose and a high diagnostic accuracy, being a practical imaging madality for diagnosis of intracranial vascular lesions.     

螺旋CT三维重建的方法及技巧

目的 探讨螺旋ＣＴ三维重建的实用方法和技巧。方法 选择成功地进行了三维重建的２００例骨和血管病变。扫描层厚３￣５ｍｍ,重建间隔２￣３ｍｍ,螺距０．５￣１,数据输入工作站,用遮盖表现显示法进行处理。结果 全部病例的三维立体显示良好,病变整体形态、与周围结构的关系从不同位置和角度得以观察。结论 高质量的三维图像依赖于技术参数的合理选择匹配,以及医技人员的操作技巧和熟练程度以及扫描机器的质量。     

老年心血管病合并焦虑抑郁症患者心律失常的动态心电图分析

目的 探讨动态心电图监测下,老年心血管病患者伴焦虑抑郁症与心律失常的关系.方法 选取2011-01至2012-08期间我院收治的伴焦虑抑郁症的老年心血管病患者80例作为观察组,以不伴有焦虑抑郁症的老年心血管病患者70例作为对照组,观察动态心电图监测下的心律失常发生情况,阐明焦虑抑郁症与心律失常之间的关系.结果 观察组患者心律失常检出率明显高于对照组,数据分析发现其差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 通过动态心电图对伴焦虑抑郁症老年心血管病患者进行监测,可明显发现心血管病患者其焦虑抑郁症患者与心律失常的发生密切相关,具有广泛的应用前景,值得在临床上推广使用.     

自制股骨头骨髓置管器治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的临床研究

目的:介绍自制股骨头骨髓置管器的构造及评价治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效。方法:自制股骨头骨髓置管器治疗股骨头缺血性坏死38例和Legg-Perthes病3例。按Ficat分期,Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ期26例,Ⅲ期7例,IV期1例;Legg-Perthes病3例,按Herring标准分型均为C型。临床诊断根据症状、体征、X线片及CT或MRI,最后由病理检查确诊。治疗1周,以治疗前后临床症状、骨髓对比、骨髓压力的变化及X线随访作为疗效观察指标,评价其疗效。结果:33例(Ⅰ-Ⅱ期及3例Legg-Perthes病)疼痛明显改善,髋关节功能提高,8例缓解;治疗前的骨髓压都大于50 cm H2O,经治疗后骨髓压都降到10 cm H2O以下;股骨头骨髓对比显示33例(Ⅰ-Ⅱ期及3例Legg-Perthes病)股骨头病灶区域对比剂弥散良好,8例弥散稍好,所有患者静脉回流都有改善;31例治疗后随访3年,其中23例(20例为Ⅰ-Ⅱ期和3例为Legg-Perthes病)X线片显示有不同程度的骨质修复,Ⅲ-Ⅳ期的8例未见明显修复征象,与术前比较情况相仿。结论:自制股骨头骨髓置管器是治疗Ⅰ、Ⅱ期股骨头缺血性坏死及Legg-Perthes病的有效方法,对Ⅲ、Ⅳ期股骨头缺血性坏死在缓解症状及延缓病程上具有明显的效果。     

博苏对高血压合并2型糖尿病患者糖、脂代谢影响的临床观察

目的观察博苏对高血压合并2型糖尿病患者糖、脂代谢的影响及降压效果.方法将经1周的洗脱期后入选的30例患者随机分为两组,一组服用博苏,另一组服用依那普利,2周调整1次剂量,若剂量加倍后仍SBP＞130mmHg和（或）DBP＞85mmHg,两组均加用尼群地平调整剂量至BP≤130/85mmHg.观察治疗前和治疗12周后空腹和餐后2h血糖、HbA1c、TC、TG、HDL和血压的变化.结果博苏组治疗前后空腹和餐后2h血糖、HbA1c、TC、TG、HDL无明显变化（P＞0.05）,两组间亦无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.博苏和依那普利均能显著降压（P＜0.01）.结论博苏在安全降压的同时并不影响糖代谢和脂代谢.     

Metal artifacts reduction using monochromatic images from spectral CT: Evaluation of pedicle screws in patients with scoliosis

Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness of spectral CT in reducing metal artifacts caused by pedicle screws in patients with scoliosis.

Materials and methods

Institutional review committee approval and written informed consents from patients were obtained. 18 scoliotic patients with a total of 228 pedicle screws who underwent spectral CT imaging were included in this study. Monochromatic image sets with and without the additional metal artifacts reduction software (MARS) correction were generated with photon energy at 65 keV and from 70 to 140 keV with 10 keV interval using the 80 kVp and 140 kVp projection sets. Polychromatic images corresponded to the conventional 140 kVp imaging were also generated from the same scan data as a control group. Both objective evaluation (screw width and quantitative artifacts index measurements) and subjective evaluation (depiction of pedicle screws, surrounding structures and their relationship) were performed.

Results

Image quality of monochromatic images in the range from 110 to 140 keV (0.97 ± 0.28) was rated superior to the conventional polychromatic images (2.53 ± 0.54) and also better than monochromatic images with lower energy. Images of energy above 100 keV also give accurate measurement of the width of screws and relatively low artifacts index. The form of screws was slightly distorted in MARS reconstruction.

Conclusions

Compared to conventional polychromatic images, monochromatic images acquired from dual-energy CT provided superior image quality with much reduced metal artifacts of pedicle screws in patients with scoliosis. Optimal energy range was found between 110 and 140 keV.     

睫状神经节甘油阻滞术治疗绝对期青光眼临床观察

目的探讨使用90％医用甘油进行球后注射阻滞睫状神经节,以减轻或缓解绝对期青光眼患者眼痛等临床症状的疗效。方法光感消失伴有药物不能控制临床症状的绝对期青光眼123例(123只眼),其中高眼压伴剧烈眼痛、头痛、恶心呕吐者102例(102只眼),伴大泡性角膜病变者17例(17只眼)。将医用纯甘油高压灭菌消毒后备用。按球后注射法一次注入甘油1．5-2．0ml。伴有大泡性角膜病变者,注射前表面麻醉下将大泡刺破或将内液抽除,随访6-24月。结果随访显示,75．38％-86．76％患者症状缓解,眼压降低。结论球后注射甘油进行睫状神经节阻滞是一种安全、操作简单、取材方便,患者无痛苦、易接受,可作为有症状绝对期青光眼的首选治疗方法。     

超声造影剂辅助经皮肾穿刺技术处理无积水肾肾结石的单中心临床研究

目的:探讨逆行腔内注射超声造影剂辅助超声引导下经皮肾穿刺技术处理无积水肾合并肾结石的可行性及安全性。方法:选取鄂东医疗集团市中心医院2014年1月至2016年8月行逆行输尿管注射超声造影剂辅助超声引导下经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)的60例肾结石患者。右肾结石患者25例;左肾结石患者35例。肾结石位于肾盂或者肾盏。术中通过...     

中西医结合微创治疗粘连性肠梗阻

目的：探索中西医结合与微创技术联合治疗粘连性肠梗阻的疗效。方法：31例粘连性肠梗阻，在急性期以中西医结合疗法辨证施治，解除急性梗阻；梗阻缓解后行腹腔镜粘连松解术，预防梗阻复发。结果：急性期经中西医结合治疗，肠梗阻均解除。缓解期行腹腔镜粘连松解术，成功26例（83．9％）；中转开腹手术5例（16．1％）。腹腔镜粘连松解术后胃肠功能恢复时间0．5－2d；术后住院时间2－4d。26例腹腔镜粘连松解术后随访（3个月－3年），均无肠梗阻复发的表现。结论：中西医结合微创治疗粘连性肠梗阻中转开腹率较低，并发症发生率低，术后效果好，无梗阻再发。