Photo-induced lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte membranes by a bis-methanophosphonate fullerene

Using human erythrocyte membranes (EMs) as a model system, we have examined photo-induced lipid peroxidation by a bis-methanophosphonate fullerene (BMPF) and four other fullerene derivatives including a mono-methanophosphonic acid fullerene (MMPF), a dimalonic acid C₆₀ (DMA C₆₀), a trimalonic acid C₆₀ (TMA C₆₀) and a polyhydroxylated fullerene (fullerol). Lipid peroxidation was assessed as the malondialdehyde (MDA) level measured by the thiobarbituric acid assay. It was observed that BMPF increased the MDA level of EMs after irradiation in both time- and dose-dependent manners. The photo-induced activity became very significant (p < 0.01) under the conditions of either the concentration of 10 μM and irradiation time of 30 min or the concentration of 5 μM and irradiation time of 60 min. Involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the activity was also examined by specific inhibitors of singlet oxygen, superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. While all three kinds were found responsible for the activity, the former two might play more important roles than the last one. Furthermore, the activity of BMPF was the strongest among all tested fullerene derivatives. These results indicated BMPF was a potential photosensitizer that would find application in photodynamic therapy.     

Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on primate brain development and attempted amelioration with supplemental choline or vitamin C: neurotransmitter receptors, cell signaling and cell development biomarkers in fetal brain regions of rhesus monkeys.

Studies in developing rodents indicate that nicotine is a neuroteratogen that disrupts brain development by stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that control neural cell replication and differentiation. We administered nicotine to pregnant Rhesus monkeys from gestational day 30 through 160 by continuous infusion, achieving maternal plasma levels comparable to those in smokers (30 ng/ml). Fetal brain regions and peripheral tissues were examined for nAChR subtypes, other neurotransmitter receptors, and indices of cell signaling and cell damage. Nicotine evoked nAChR upregulation, but with distinct regional disparities indicative of selective stimulatory responses. Similarly, indices of cell loss (reduced DNA), cell size and neuritic outgrowth (protein/DNA and membrane/total protein ratios) were distinct for each region and did not necessarily follow the rank order of nAChR upregulation, suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms such as oxidative stress. We then attempted to offset the adverse effects of nicotine with standard dietary supplements known to interact with nicotine. By itself, choline elicited nicotine-like actions commensurate with its promotion of cholinergic neurotransmission. When given in combination with nicotine, choline protected some regions from damage but worsened nicotine's effects in other regions. Similarly, Vitamin C supplementation had mixed effects, increasing nAChR responses while providing protection from cell damage in the caudate, the brain region most susceptible to oxidative stress. Our results indicate that nicotine elicits neurodevelopmental damage that is highly selective for different brain regions, and that dietary supplements ordinarily thought to be neuroprotectant may actually worsen some of the adverse effects of nicotine on the fetal brain.     

针穿法输精管结扎术动物实验研究

本文报告经动物实验研究的一种用针穿刺套线结扎输精管的新技术,20只狗一年半的动物实验结果显示,此法切实可行,并较其他输精管结扎法更简单、安全,组织损伤更轻,其输精管闭合率为97.37%,为临床试用奠定了基础。     

半圆形截面血管内支架结构流阻的数值模拟实验

通过SoildWorks软件构建血液流场和8种不同结构裸支架(支架形状和通透率不同)的三维实体模型.利用计算流体力学方法,借助于有限元软件ANSYS 11.0对不同结构内支架分别置入血管后进行仿真研究.一定通透率范围内,对于半圆形截面支架模型血液从半圆面流向平面时的流阻大于反向流过时的流阻;通透率大到一定值时,结果相反.无论是网格状支架模型还是正弦状支架模型,血液从支架正反两个方向流过时的流阻大小随通透率的增加而减小;相同通透率下,血液从相同方向流过支架时,网格状支架模型的流阻比正弦状支架模型的大一些,大概在1.5倍左右.结果提示,血液从不同方向流过半圆形支架丝时的流阻存在一定的差异,这为支架结构设计提供了重要的理论指导意义.     

Lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D protects against alpha-synuclein aggregation and toxicity

α-synuclein (α-syn) is a main component of Lewy bodies (LB) that occur in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with LB (DLB) and multi-system atrophy. α-syn mutations or amplifications are responsible for a subset of autosomal dominant familial PD cases, and overexpression causes neurodegeneration and motor disturbances in animals. To investigate mechanisms for α-syn accumulation and toxicity, we studied a mouse model of lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D (CD) deficiency, and found extensive accumulation of endogenous α-syn in neurons without overabundance of α-syn mRNA. In addition to impaired macroautophagy, CD deficiency reduced proteasome activity, suggesting an essential role for lysosomal CD function in regulating multiple proteolytic pathways that are important for α-syn metabolism. Conversely, CD overexpression reduces α-syn aggregation and is neuroprotective against α-syn overexpression-induced cell death in vitro. In a C. elegans model, CD deficiency exacerbates α-syn accumulation while its overexpression is protective against α-syn-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Mutated CD with diminished enzymatic activity or overexpression of cathepsins B (CB) or L (CL) is not protective in the worm model, indicating a unique requirement for enzymatically active CD. Our data identify a conserved CD function in α-syn degradation and identify CD as a novel target for LB disease therapeutics.     

Letrozole as primary therapy for endometrial hyperplasia in young women.

OBJECTIVE: To study letrozole as a primary therapeutic agent for endometrial hyperplasia with or without atypia in young women. METHODS: Five premenopausal women presenting for infertility were diagnosed as having endometrial hyperplasia. A second biopsy was performed after they were treated for 3 months with 2.5 mg of letrozole per day. Serum levels of estradiol and progesterone were measured each month. RESULTS: Curettage of the endometrium at the end of treatment revealed no evidence of endometrial hyperplasia or atypia in any of the patients. Low serum levels of estradiol were found in all patients. CONCLUSION: This case series indicates that aromatase inhibitors deserve attention for the conservative treatment of endometrial hyperplasia. However, more studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this agent.     

护士长人格特征和行为类型调查分析

1目的　了解护士长人格特征和行为类型。 2方法　对 35 6名护士长进行了艾森克个性问卷和行为类型问卷调查。3结果　被调查护士长的艾森克个性问卷中神经质维度 (N)得分为 (9.6 7± 4.6 3)分 ,显著低于常模(t=5 .114,P<0 .0 1) ;内向 -外向 (E)得分为 (10 .18± 3.86 )分 ,显著高于常模 (t=3.6 10 ,P<0 .0 1) ;精神质维度 (P)得分为 (4.15± 2 .97)分 ,显著低于常模 (t=7.6 95 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;L 得分为 (13.94± 3.6 0 )分 ,显著高于常模 (t=5 .0 89,P<0 .0 1)。护士长行为类型问卷总分为 (2 8.46± 5 .97)分 ,其中 A型行为倾向者占 5 5 .93% .4结论　本组护士长有较强的外倾人格特征。     

用海伦娜（Helena）报告生成语言优化海伦娜电泳仪报告

介绍ＨＲＧＬ的结构和相应细节。在此基础上分析和实现了对报告打印的优化。     

市场经济条件下医院工作者应确立的几个观念

根据课题研究，结合卫生工作实际，笔者认为，在市场经济条件下，应紧密围绕市场经济规律，正确确立战略性观念，市场性观念，变革性观念，竞争性观念，服务性观念，经营性观念，及时获取并使用信息的观念等，通过转变观念及其对内含的理解，提高卫生服务的质量，推进卫生事业的发展。     

老年高血压病患者血清可溶性白介素2受体与临床分期相关性的观察

目的探讨老年高血压病患者血清中可溶性白介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）的水平，并比较老年高血压病不同临床分期的ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ变化。方法采用双抗体夹心（ＥＬＩＳＡ）法，对４６例老年高血压病人血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ的水平，与３０例正常人（ＮＣ）进行检测对比，并对其老年高血压病患者不同临床分期的ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ的水平进行观察。结果老年高血压病患者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；且随临床分期的增加而增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），有明显的正相关性。结论老年高血压病患者体内存在有免疫功能系乱，导致ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ的增高。ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ可作为临床观察老年高血压病的细胞免疫功能及病情判定的有效指标。