Free Sugars Intake among Chinese Adolescents and Its Association with Dental Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study aims to estimate the free sugars intake, identify the primary food sources of free sugars, and explore the relationship between free sugars intake and dental caries among Chinese adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 1517 middle-school students aged 12–14 years in Changsha city, China. Adolescents completed a 12-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and oral health assessment. The students’ dental caries experience was available as DMFT score (number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth). Statistical analyses included the Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression model. The average intake of free sugars was 53.1 g/d in adolescents, and 43.2% of the students consumed more than 50 g of free sugars daily. The primary contributor to free sugars was sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Age, boarders, and high family income were risk factors for excessive free sugars intake (p < 0.05), and increased free sugars intake was a risk factor for dental caries (odds ratio, OR = 1.446, 95% confidence interval: 1.138–1.839). Both the free sugars intake and dental caries prevalence in Chinese adolescents were high. Targeted interventions are urgently needed to address the excessive consumption of free sugars and improve Chinese adolescents’ oral health.     

Less Is Better: How Nutrition and Low-Carbon Labels Jointly Backfire on the Evaluation of Food Products

(1) Background: Labeling is one of the significant strategies to guide sustainable consumption behaviors. Nowadays, multi labels being displayed on the front-of-pack of food products is a common phenomenon. However, labels seldom operate solo, and competition or complement effects may be exerted on different labels. Therefore, the research objective is to explore the interaction effect when nutrition and low-carbon labels appear simultaneously; (2) Methods: Across four scenario-based experiments, including ice cream, yogurt, steak, and toast, this study manipulated the separate and joint occurrences of low-carbon and nutrition labels, the interaction effect of joint labels was tested, and the serial mediation model, which includes resource allocation and anticipated enjoyment of food consumption, was verified; (3) Results: Results show that people have a positive preference for the nutrition label and the carbon label, respectively, while these two labels working simultaneously attenuate the positive effect of the single label. When facing nutrition and carbon labels simultaneously, people would infer partial resources are allocated to healthy and environmental aspects so they have a lower anticipated enjoyment from food consumption. Thus, these two labels working simultaneously attenuate the positive effect of the single label, and consumers have a lower evaluation of food products. In addition, the joint backfire on the effect is only exerted on people with a higher level of zero-sum bias and only when joint labels have a high consistency of labels; (4) Conclusions: This study solved the contradictory problem of the joint effect of positive labels. The findings in this research contribute to promote sustainable food consumption. We suggest that similar labels should be avoided in the same front-of-pack of food, and manufacturers need to use ads to bring down consumers’ zero-sum bias.     

侵袭性牙周炎患者疱疹病毒感染和外周血病毒载量

目的分析不同严重程度侵袭性牙周炎(AGP)患者疱疹病毒(HV)感染情况和外周血病毒载量。方法选取2014年12月-2019年12月济南市市中区人民医院口腔科收治的2600例AGP患者,根据病变程度分为轻度AGP组(n=82)、中度AGP组(n=578)、重度AGP组(n=1940),以同期100名健康人群为对照组。入组后,检测龈沟液HV病毒感染情况和血浆单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)、EB病毒(EBV)、人类巨细胞病毒(HCMV)、人类疱疹病毒6型(HHV-6)载量、牙周特征和血炎症因子水平。结果AGP患者牙周菌斑指数(PLI)、探诊深度(PD)、附着丧失(AL)、出血指数(BI)高于对照组(P<0.05),HSV-1、EBV、HCMV、HHV-6感染率和病毒载量高于对照组(P<0.05),白细胞(WBC)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)高于对照组(P<0.05);随着AGP病情严重程度增加,HSV-1、EBV、HCMV、HHV-6感染率和病毒载量、PLI、PD、AL、BI、WBC、PCT、IL-6、TNF-α和CRP均增加(P<0.05)。结论HV感染率和病毒载量与AGP患者血清炎症因子水平和牙周特征随病情严重程度增加而升高。     

湘潭市5起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情调查分析

目的 对湘潭市5起新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)聚集性疫情开展流行病学调查,分析病例的感染来源,并探讨其传播模式,提出针对性预防控制建议。 方法 应用现场流行病学方法调查病例及其密切接触者,描述流行特征,采集患者鼻咽拭子,利用反转录聚合酶链式反应技术进行病毒核酸检测。 结果 截至2020年3月5日,湘潭市累计报告42例新冠肺炎病例(其中6例为无症状感染者),重症及危重症病例8例。涉及5起新冠肺炎聚集性疫情,共发病19人(包括无症状感染者),占总病例数45.24%;其中4起因武汉返湘潭(简称潭)人员引起,1起因本地病例引起;男性8例、女性11例,年龄为1岁3月～84岁;临床表现出现咳嗽症状比例最高(占70.59%),病例从发病到就诊隔离间隔时间在0～10 d之间,中位数为2 d,发病时已住院隔离观察的病例占比最高为42.11%(8/19),从就诊隔离到确诊的间隔时间在0～7 d 之间,中位数为2 d。 结论 新型冠状病毒具有极强的传染性和隐匿性,人员密集、聚餐/会、家庭内传播是聚集性疫情的高危因素,应做好重点场所、重点人群新冠肺炎疫情防控工作,减少聚集性疫情的发生。     

新建或迁建血站正式运行前的确认工作探讨

在迁建新业务大楼正式投入运行前,采用质量审核、试运行、目视检查等方法,分阶段确认新建血站的基础设施、设备、环境、工作流程等是否达到预期要求,探讨新血站系统化确认方法。新建或迁建后的血站在正式启用前应对其所涉及的建筑设施、设备、环境、工作流程等进行全面且系统的确认,以更好地保障血液质量与安全。     

DRG对住院费用与服务的影响及建议

目的分析实施DRG付费对患者住院费用及服务的影响,为医疗机构提出运行建议。方法利用医院质量监测系统（HQMS）,在全国东部、中部、西部3个地区的16个省（市）376家三级医院中选取患者1 064 314人次,通过双重差分法分析DRG付费实施对患者住院费用及服务的影响。结果DRG付费实施后,患者总费用降低了3.05%（β=1-e-0.03,P=0.01）、自付费用增长了28.11%（β=e0.33-1,P=0.02）、医疗费用降低了5.13%（β=1-e-0.05,P=0.04）、药品费用降低了5.13%（β=1-e-0.05,P=0.01）、平均住院日缩短了4.08%（β=1-e-0.04,P＜0.01）,而对患者住院检查费用、耗材费用、是否使用抗生素、31天是否再住院、是否手术的影响不显著。结论实施DRG付费能够合理控制患者住院费用增长,提高医疗服务质量,建议医疗机构进一步简化流程,提高床位周转率,关注高CMI值患者费用,优化临床路径,确保治疗效果。     

北京地区0~3月龄婴儿超重与骨密度的关系

目的 研究0~3月龄超重婴儿骨密度的情况,为婴儿期骨骼发育保健工作提供指导。方法 纳入2019年1月-2020年1月于北京积水潭医院体检的1 052名0~3月龄婴儿进行研究。由于男女身长、体重、骨骼超声信号声速值(SOS)评估标准不同,所以分别对不同性别研究对象进行研究,按照2006年WHO《儿童发育标准》分为超重组和正常组,比较两组间骨密度差异。并对组内不同性别骨密度进行比较。结果 男性、女性超重组及正常组组间SOS水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);超重组内男女骨密度Z值水平及正常组内男女骨密度Z值水平差异亦均无统计学意义(t＝-1.23,-0.47,P>0.05)。结论 0~3月龄阶段,超重与骨密度尚未发现明显相关性,但尚缺少各种影响因素及年龄增长与骨密度之间关系的进一步研究,仍需更多的探索以对临床提供更好指导。     

The 6-Month Efficacy of an Intensive Lifestyle Modification Program on Type 2 Diabetes Risk Among Rural Women with Prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Prevention Science - This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an intensive lifestyle modification program tailored to rural Chinese women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus compared with...