Relationships between self-reflectiveness and clinical symptoms in individuals during pre-morbid and early clinical stages of psychosis

BackgroundSelf-reflectiveness, one dimension of cognitive insight, plays a protective role in an individual’s mental state. Both high and low levels of self-reflectiveness have been reported in patients with schizophrenia and individuals at clinical high risk for the illness.AimsThis study aimed to explore the relationship patterns between self-reflectiveness and clinical symptoms in individuals during the pre-morbid and early clinical stages of psychosis.MethodsA total of 181 subjects, including individuals with attenuated positive symptoms (APS, n=122) and patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP, n=59), completed the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale and were evaluated using the Schedule of Assessment of Insight and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. All subjects were classified into three groups according to their level of self-reflectiveness: low level (LSR, n=59), medium level (MSR, n=67) and high level (HSR, n=55). Both linear and non-linear relationships between self-reflectiveness and clinical symptoms were explored.ResultsMore individuals with APS were classified into the MSR group, while more patients with FEP were classified into the LSR group. The LSR group demonstrated less awareness of illness than the MSR and HSR groups, more stereotyped thinking and poorer impulse control but less anxiety than the MSR group, and lower levels of blunted affect and guilt feelings than the HSR group. The MSR group demonstrated lower stereotyped thinking than the HSR group. Compared to the LSR group, the MSR group had increased self-reflectiveness, improved awareness of illness, decreased stereotyped thinking, and better impulse control, but increased feelings of guilt. The HSR group showed increased stereotyped thinking when compared to the MSR group, but the other variables did not change significantly between these two groups. Overall, self-reflectiveness demonstrated an approximately inverse S-shaped relationship with the awareness of illness, a U-shaped relationship with stereotyped thinking and poor impulse control, and an almost linear relationship with anxiety and guilt feelings.ConclusionsSelf-reflectiveness demonstrates complex relationships with clinical symptoms and fails to exert significant positive effects when reaching a certain high level.     

病程长达一年的支气管肺发育不良一例

我院近两年使用肺表面活性物质加呼吸机抢救早产儿肺透明膜病共 97例 ,治愈 95例 ,2例家长放弃治疗。并发支气管肺发育不良 (BPD) 5例 ,4例住院 2～ 3月后痊愈出院 ,其中 1例住院时间长达 2 0 5d ,曾先后 4次上机 ,需用氧时间长达 1年 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　男婴 ,胎龄 2 8周 ,出生体重 1 35kg。 1min及 5minApgar评分正常。G2 P1,第 1胎孕 2 6周出生后不明原因死亡。孕期无特殊。1 2　治疗经过及转归　患儿生后 2h开始出现呼气呻吟 ,胸片示肺透明膜病II期 ,予固尔苏 12 0mg气管内滴入及上呼吸机SIMV通气 ,初调参数…     

Incidence of brain injuries in premature infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks in ten urban hospitals in China

Background

There is a large number (1.5 million per year) of premature births in China. It is necessary to obtain the authentic incidences of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), the common brain injuries, in Chinese premature infants. The present multicenter study aimed to investigate the incidence of brain injuries in premature infants in ten urban hospitals in China.

Methods

The research proposal was designed by the Subspecialty Group of Neonatology of Pediatric Society of the Chinese Medical Association. Ten large-scale urban hospitals voluntarily joined the multicenter investigation. All premature infants with a gestational age ≤34 weeks in the ten hospitals were subjected to routine cranial ultrasound within three days after birth, and then to repeated ultrasound every 3–7 days till their discharge from the hospital from January 2005 to August 2006. A uniform data collection sheet was designed to record cases of brain injuries.

Results

The incidences of overall IVH and severe IVH were 19.7% (305/1551) and 4.6% (72/1551), respectively with 18.4% (56/305) for grade 1, 58.0% (177/305) for grade 2, 17.7% (54/305) for grade 3 and 5.9% (18/305) for grade 4 in nine hospitals. The incidences of overall PVL and cystic PVL were 5.0% (89/1792) and 0.8% (14/1792) respectively, with 84.3% (75/89) for grade 1, 13.5% (12/89) for grade 2, and 2.2% (2/89) for grade 3 in the ten hospitals. The statistically significant risk factors that might aggravate the severity of IVH were vaginal delivery (OR=1.883, 95% CI: 1.099–3.228, P=0.020) and mechanical ventilation (OR=4.150, 95% CI: 2.384–7.223, P=0.000). The risk factors that might result in the development of cystic PVL was vaginal delivery (OR=21.094, 95% CI: 2.650–167.895, P=0.000).

Conclusions

The investigative report can basically reflect the incidence of brain injuries in premature infants in major big cities of China. Since more than 60% of the Chinese population live in the rural areas of China, it is expected to undertake a further multicenter investigation covering the rural areas in the future.     

老年性白内障与正常晶状体蛋白质双向电泳的差异

目的:应用双向电泳技术对比研究老年性白内障与正常晶状体,寻找差异表达的蛋白质。方法:分别收集老年性白内障和正常晶状体,采用固相pH梯度(IPG)等电聚焦双向电泳技术进行蛋白质分离,使用ImageMaster图像分析软件分析电泳图像,对比分析蛋白质表达的差异。结果:大部分晶状体蛋白质分布在Mr14000～97000,等电点(pI)5～9的范围内;高丰度蛋白质斑点分布在Mr20000～31000、等电点(pI)6～8的区域内。经软件分析正常组共识别出133±7个蛋白质斑点,白内障组共识别出136±8个斑点,两组之间的匹配率为87%(115个),其中有8个点蛋白质表达量增加了300%以上,其中44号增加了480%,有6个点蛋白质表达量减少了300%以上,其中125号减少了336%。结论:老年性白内障与正常晶状体存在差异表达的蛋白质。     

雷公藤单体对大鼠睾丸间质细胞及支持细胞毒性与其抗生育作用不相关

本文用体外培养的睾丸间质细胞和支持细胞筛选了２２种从雷公藤根、皮中分离、纯化的单体，并选择其中对两种细胞杀伤作用强、弱不同的化合物ＴＷ－９，ＴＷ－５，ＴＷ－２８和ＴＷ－２７进行抗生育试验以及体外杀精试验。结果发现对两种细胞毒性作用最弱的ＴＷ－１９对大鼠有明显的抗生育作用；而毒性作用较强的ＴＷ－５，ＴＷ－２８和最强的ＴＷ－２７则无明显的抗生育作用。然而这四种化合物的体外杀精强度则依次为：ＴＷ－２７，ＴＷ－５，ＴＷ－１９，ＴＷ－２８。与它们的抗生育作用不相关。     

鲨骨精抗黑色素瘤肺转移及调节免疫功能的研究

鲨骨精(shark cartilage active extract．SCAE)是鲨鱼软骨提取物。本项研究评价其抗黑色素瘤B16肺脏转移及调节机体免疫功能的作用。小鼠口服SACE后d7，经尾静脉注射黑色素细胞瘤B16细胞悬液；3w后计数黑色素瘤肺脏转移结节，测定脾细胞的免症功能。结果表明，SCAE能抑制黑色素瘤B16肺转移，抑制率为33%能提高脾脏有核细胞总数、淋巴细胞增殖能力和LAK细胞活性。证实了SCAE能抑制黑色素癌转移及提高机体免疫功能。