教育心理学和教学效益相关性的研究

本研究在罗马尼亚Oradea大学医药学院进行，始于1998年，结束于2003年。研究的出发点为该学院的学生们提出不少的教师，包括一些国内外知名的学者和医生，因缺乏教育心理学知识，不能很好地理解学生，组织教学和传授知识。因此，本研究设置了问卷调查，学院向教员开设了教育心理学课程(1998年10月～1999年7月)，与学生和教师座谈，统计并比较学生的考试成绩，特别地跟踪研究全国年度(1999年～2003年)医学证书汇考结果。研究结果客观地证实了教育心理学能够提高学习(工作)效益和成果，因为教育心理学知识使得教师(和医师)更好地与学生(或病人)沟通、理解和组织、合作。     

Gemins modulate the expression and activity of the SMN complex

Reduction in the expression of the survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein results in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a common motor neuron degenerative disease. SMN is part of a large macromolecular complex (the SMN complex) that includes at least six additional proteins called Gemins (Gemin2-7). The SMN complex is expressed in all cells and is present throughout the cytoplasm and in the nucleus where it is concentrated in Gems. The SMN complex plays an essential role in the production of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and likely other RNPs. To study the roles of the individual proteins, we systematically reduced the expression of SMN and each of the Gemins (2-6) by RNA interference. We show that the reduction of SMN leads to a decrease in snRNP assembly, the disappearance of Gems, and to a drastic reduction in the amounts of several Gemins. Moreover, reduction of Gemin2 or Gemin6 strongly decreases the activity of the SMN complex. These findings demonstrate that other components of the SMN complex, in addition to SMN, are critical for the activity of the complex and suggest that Gemin2 and Gemin6 are potentially important modifiers of SMA as well as potential disease genes for non-SMN motor neuron diseases.     

Gene therapy in soft tissue reconstruction

Gene therapy is defined as the introduction of a therapeutic gene into a cell, whose expression can lead to a cure of a disease or offer a transient advantage for tissue growth and regeneration. The delivery of genes can be undertaken for a number of purposes, usually it is attempted to enhance or add a function to a cell or a tissue or to delete or reduce another function. In this brief overview we describe various vehicles and techniques that have been developed to deliver therapeutic genes into cells, such as viral vectors and physical/chemical gene delivery methods including naked DNA and particle-mediated gene transfer, the microseeding technique and the application of lipids. Furthermore we review the potential utility of gene therapy from the perspective of a reconstructive surgeon. Several tissues will be discussed, particularly muscle, tendon, nerve, bone, skin and wounds.     

Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for binocular interactions in human visual cortex

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we explored the binocular interactions occurring when subjects viewed dichoptically presented checkerboard stimuli. A flickering radial checkerboard was presented to each eye of the subject, while T2*-weighted images were acquired over the visual cortex with gradient-echo, echoplanar sequences. We compared responses in striate and extrastriate visual cortex under four conditions: both eyes were stimulated at the same time (binocular condition), each eye was stimulated in alternation (monocular condition) or first the one eye then the other eye was stimulated (left eye first - right eye trailing, or vice versa). The results indicate that only the striate area, in and near the calcarine fissure, shows significant differences for these stimulation conditions. These differences are not evident in more remote extrastriate or associational visual areas, although the BOLD response in the stimulation-rest comparison was robust. These results suggest that the effect could be related to inhibitory interactions across ocular dominance columns in striate visual cortex.     

Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic and microphase-separated graft copolymers, 1. Synthesis and bulk characterization of polystyrene-graft-ω-stearyl-poly(ethylene oxide)

Using the rigid and hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) chain as backbone, onto which flexible and hydrophilic stearyl-poly(ethylene oxide) (SPEO) chains are grafted, a new kind of amphiphilic, microphase-separated graft copolymer was synthesized using the macromonomer technique. Stearyl-poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomers with acryloyl end-group (SPEO-A) were prepared through an end-group exchange reaction of α-stearyl-ω-hydroxypoly(ethylene oxide) (SPEO-OH) and acryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. The radical copolymerization of styrene with SPEO-A was carried out under various experimental conditions. Following a careful examination of their purity, the structure of the prepared copolymers was characterized by means of IR, ¹H NMR and GPC analyses. A new feasible method using first derivative UV spectrometry was developed for quantitative determination of the bulk composition of the graft copolymers. Copolymers with a wide range of bulk composition and satisfactory grafting degree were obtained.     

经下颌下咽后入路颅颈交界腹侧区手术的应用解剖

目的:为临床经下颌下咽后入路处理颅颈交界腹侧区病变提供解剖学基础。方法:对15例(30侧)带颈头颅标本模拟经下颌下咽后入路进行显微外科解剖,同时进行了有关的数据测量。结果:该入路浅层的重要结构均位于各自的筋膜层中,以这些结构为解剖学标志可鉴别各层并引导手术进行。咽结节是显露的上限,限制骨窗侧方显露范围的各重要结构的内缘距正中线的水平距离分别为寰枢外侧关节,左(7.78±1.03)mm,右(7.81±1.01)mm;寰枕关节,左(9.27±1.86)mm,右(9.22±1.69)mm;舌下神经管内口,左(12.76±2.77)mm,右(12.81±2.53)mm及椎动脉C2水平,左(18.36±2.27)mm,右(18.47±2.14)mm;C1水平左(25.35±2.31)mm,右(25.18±2.33)mm;穿硬膜处,左(12.69±2.42)mm,右(12.72±2.39)mm。结论:(1)经下颌下咽后入路解剖上大致可分为3个层次:浅层,深层和骨、韧带及硬膜层。(2)掌握每个层次的解剖特点及操作要点,有助于安全充分的显露和处理咽颅颈交界腹侧区病变。     

女贞子、刺五加对T细胞促进作用的实验研究

女贞子和刺五加都是扶正中药.女贞子在体内体外对 T 细胞均有促进作用,但对其作用机理报导很少。刺五加是典型的“适应原样”药物,对机体免疫功能亦有促进作用,但其对 T 细胞的作用尚未见报导.     

Preparation of graded porous titanium coatings on titanium implant materials by plasma spraying

Graded porous titanium coatings have been deposited on titanium substrates for dental implants by plasma spraying in an argon atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface roughness measurement, and tensile strength tests were performed on graded porous coatings. The results showed that Ti(3)O(5) was formed in the outermost surface of the porous coatings due to oxidation. The graded porous coatings consisted of three layers. The outer layer was full of macropores with a surface roughness of approximately 100 microm. The diameter of many macropores reached and even surpassed 150 microm, which could be beneficial for tissue to grow into the coating. The middle layer consisted of a mixture of micropores and macropores. The inner layer was a very dense and tight interface layer that included mechanical, physical, and metallurgical bonding. In tensile strength tests, testing bars peeled off the coatings, because the adhesive agent fractured, but the coatings remained intact.