信号调节蛋白α1在大鼠肝再生过程中表达的实验研究

目的：观察信号调节蛋白α1（SIRPα1）在大鼠肝再生过程中的表达变化。方法：选取雄性SD大鼠120只，随机分为两组：假手术组（SO）和肝切除手术组（OP），每一组又分为10个时间点，即手术后2、6、12、24、30、48、72、120、168和240h，每一时间点6只，切除大鼠70％肝脏（肝左叶和中叶）建立肝再生模型，术后在预定时间点分别取肝组织固定石腊包埋切片，采用免疫组织化学方法测定肝组织SIRPα1表达。结果：再生肝组织12h肝实质可见局灶散在肝细胞膜棕黄色着色，24h弥漫性肝细胞膜着色，120h以后肝细胞膜着色逐渐减弱。结论：SIRPα1作为一种负向调控因子参与了肝细胞再生，可能与肝再生终止有关，但关于其详细调控机制及其与其他因子相互作用的机制有待于进一步研究。     

内皮细胞固有型一氧化氮合酶基因内含子4插入/缺失多态性与糖尿病肾病的关系

目的：对天津地区汉族人内皮细胞固有型一氧化氮合酶（ecNOS)基因内含子4的插入／缺失多态性（ecNOS4b/a)与2型糖尿病肾病（DN）的关联性进行研究。方法：应用PCR－小卫星DNA多态性分析技术对ecNOS4b/a基因型分布进行检测。包括正常对照组70例，2型糖尿病无DN组48例，2型糖尿病有DN无慢性肾功能不全（CRF）组35例，2型糖尿病DN有CRF组45例和非DN导致的CRF组58例。结果：（1）发现1例罕见基因型（女性DN无CRF患者），为447bp 420bp杂合子。（2）2型糖尿病无DN组a等位基因频率高于正常对照组，差异无显著性意义（χ^2=1.672,P=0.196).(3)2型糖尿病伴DN组a等位基因频率低于2型糖尿病无DN组，差异无显著性意义（χ^2=1.082,P=0.298)。（4）DN无CRF组与DN伴CRF组等位基因频率相近（校正χ^2=0.002,P=0.967)。（5）DN伴CRF组a等位基因频率低于其它原因导致的CRF组，差异有显著性意义（χ^2=0.002,P=0.967)。（5）DN伴CRF组a等位基因频率低于其它原因导致的CRF组，差异有显著性意义（χ^2=4.360,P=06037)。结论：a等位基因可能不是天津汉族人DN的危险因素；天津地区汉族健康人群a等位基因频率低于日本；ecNOS在DN导致的CRF中的作用可能与非DN CRF不同。     

股骨转子周围骨折的髓内钉固定

目的探讨带锁髓内钉固定在股骨转子周围骨折中的应用价值以及相关并发症的防治。方法回顾分析了自1993年12月至2001年9月间作者收治的180例(181髋)经髓内钉治疗的转子周围骨折,其中应用亚太型Gamma钉96例(97髋)、股骨重建钉54例、股骨近端钉(PFN)30例。结果平均手术时间65分钟,术中术后输血患者仅占15.6%;平均随访时间为16个月,96%的骨折获得愈合,平均愈合时间为3.5个月;按黄公怡评价标准,髋关节功能优良率为90.2%;发生9种类型的并发症。结论髓内钉固定在治疗股骨转子间骨折中具有较大的临床价值,但仍存在一定的并发症,应引起足够重视。     

抗HLA和抗MICA抗体的表达对移植肾功能和急性排斥反应的预示作用

Objective To investigate the prediction of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (HLA) and anti-major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A antibodies (MICA) to the development of acute rejection (AR) and kidney allograft function. Methods Forty-one kidney transplant patients were prospectively tested for anti-HLA and anti-MICA. Thirty-seven patients were screened using Luminex/single-antigen beads to determine the HLA and MICA-specific antibody levels at 0,30,90, 180,360,720 and 1080 days post-transplantation. The patients and donors of HLA and MICA allele typing were determined by PCR-SSOP, and donor specific antibody (DSA) and non-donor specific antibody (NDSA) were identified.Simultaneously,their serum creatinine (SCr) levels and clinical data were analyzed. Results Nine patients (21.95 % ,9/41 ) had pre-existing anti-HLA and(or) anti-MICA, including 6 cases of anti-MICA,2 cases of anti-HLA, and one case of anti-MICA and anti-HLA. Nine patients had pre-existing DSA and NDSA. In the 37 patients, 6 patients (16.2% ) developed de novo anti-HLA, and 3 (8.1%) developed de novo antiMICA. In patients positive for de novo anti-HLA, the titer of antibody was gradually increased during the follow-up of three years. Four patients out of 9 patients with pre-existing antibodies were suffered from AR (44.4%); In 6 patients positive for de novo anti-HLA,three cases (50.0%) were suffered from AR; In three patients positive for de novo anti-MICA,no AR occurred (P＜0.05). In two patients positive for DSA of HLAⅡ antibody detected at the third and seventh day after transplantation, the renal grafts were renovecd due to rejection. The Scr levels in patients positive for pre-existing MICA with AR were higher than in those positive for pre-existing MICA without AR at each scheduled time point during the follow-up period (P＜0.05). The Scr levels in patients negative for antibodies pre-transplantation and having AR were higher than in those having no AR at each scheduled time point during the follow-up period (P＜0. 01 ). The Scr levels in patients positive for de novo HLA and MICA and having AR one month following transplantation were higher than in those negative for antibodies and having no AR (P＜0.01 ). Conclusion Pre-existing and de novo anti-HLA were the irnportant factors for the development of AR, but the mismatch of HLA and MICA alleles in donors and patients was primary causes for generation of de novo antibodies.     

肾移植受者BK病毒的感染特点

Objective To investigate the characteristics of BK virus (BKV) infection in renal transplant recipients. Methods A total of 243 renal recipients from our clinic within 48 months after transplantation were enrolled as the trial group and 82 healthy people as the control group. Urine and peripheral blood samples of these two groups were harvested for urinary sediment BKV cytology by Decoy cell counting and BKV DNA by real-time PCR. Results The positive rates of urinary Decoy cell, BKV viruria and viremia were 35.4%, 36.6% and 16.9% in trial group, and 4.9%, 20.7% and 2.9% in control group, respectively. In trial group, the medians of urinary Decoy cell, urinary BKV and peripheral blood BKV were 6/10 HPF, 1.00×104 copy/ml and 6.87×103 copy/ml respectively, while in control group, they were 2/10 HPF, 1.10×104 copy/ml and 2.24×1(3 copy/ml. Compared with the healthy people, the positive rates and the levels of BKV DNA in urine and peripheral blood of recipients were significantly higher. The amount of urinary Decoy cells was positively correlated to urinary BKV load (r=0.636, P＜0.01). Conclusions BKV replication is easier to happen in renal recipients as compared to healthy people. Counting of urinary Decoy cells is convenient, useful and sensitive to evaluate BK viruria and viremia in renaltransplant recipients. BKV DNA detection in urine and peripheral blood can be used to screen the evidence of BK reaction in order to prevent irreversible graft damage by BKV.[ Key words ] Kidney transplantation; BK virus; Kidney diseases; Decoy cells     

慢性中重度缺血陛二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗及中期随访

Objective To compare the results of mitral valve reconstruction and replacement as treatments for moderate to severe ischemic mitral regurgitation(IMR), and report the mid-term outcome. Methods From June 2002 to May 2008, 83 pa-tients with moderate IMR(35 cases) and severe IMR (48 cases) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) combined with mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) (n = 43) or mitral valve replacement (MVR) (n = 40). There were 49 males and 34 females with a mean age of (59.3±7.5) years(51 -77years). The procedures of MVP included annuloplasty with a Dacron or autologous per-icardium ring in 21cases, commissural annuloplasty in 9, quadrangular resection of the posterior leaflet in 9 and using St. Jude mitral annuloplasty ring in 4. In the cases underwent MVR, 28 patients received mechanical prostheses and 12 received biopros-theses. Results 30-day mortality rate was 2.3% for MVP and 5.0% for MVR (P >0.05). The 30-day complication rate was similar for the 2 groups but mechanical ventilation time was longer for MVR patients. Mild MR ocurred in 6 patients with MVP (P <0.05). Sevonty-six patients were followed by outpatient department visit or telephone for (20.2 ± 4.9) months (3 - 60 months). During the follow-up period, 7 patients with MVP had mild insufficiency but free off etber complications. All the valve prothesis functioned well. However, 3 cases had thromboembolic complications and 7 late deaths were recorded in MVR group. Five-year complication-free survival rate was 90% for MVP group and 61% for MVR. Conclusion MVP resulted in excellent durability and provided significant mid-term survival benefit over MVR. MVP should be the first choice for patients with chronic IMR.     

意外胆囊癌的诊断与治疗

意外胆囊癌(unexpected gallbladder carcinoma,UGC)是指术前拟诊断为胆囊良性疾病,在胆囊切除术中或术后发现的胆囊癌.我国的胆囊结石发病率较高,UGC患者也越来越多.2002年8月至2008年8月我科共收治641例胆囊癌患者,其中UGC患者占9.8%.由于缺乏对UGC治疗的大宗病例的临床随机对照研究,因此,国际上尚无统一的治疗标准,尤其在初次LC是否影响UGC患者预后等方面存在许多争议[1].     

胃间质瘤的诊断和外科治疗(附30例报道)

目的探讨胃间质瘤的诊断和外科治疗。方法对30例胃间质瘤病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。患者表现为上腹部隐痛不适16例,消化道出血7例,无任何症状者7例。术前仅5例(16.7%)获得病理确诊。30例均接受手术治疗。行开腹手术24例,其中行胃部分切除19例,胃大部切除4例,全胃切除加区域淋巴结清扫1例。行腹腔镜微创胃部分切除术6例。2例高危胃间质瘤患者术后接受了伊马替尼(格列卫)辅助治疗。结果本组30例均获完整切除,切缘均阴性,假包膜完整。无手术死亡。术后并发切口感染和胃排空障碍(胃轻瘫)各1例。围手术期并发症的发生率为6.7%(2/30)。行腹腔镜微创手术的6例术后无一例发生并发症。平均随访33(4~108)个月,无肿瘤局部复发或远处转移。结论胃间质瘤缺乏特异性临床表现,术前确诊率较低。外科手术仍是可切除胃间质瘤最有效的治疗方法。腹腔镜微创胃部分切除术是胃间质瘤可供选择的理想的治疗方法 。     

α-硫辛酸对阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝细胞线粒体内能量代谢保护作用及机制

目的 探讨α-硫辛酸对阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝细胞线粒体内能量代谢的保护作用及其机制. 方法 将72只SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组(SO组),胆总管结扎+0.9%氯化钠溶液组(BDL+NS组),胆总管结扎α-硫辛酸组(BDL+LA组).分别于术后7 d、14 d和2l d检测肝细胞线粒体内MDA、SOD、ATP、ADP和AMP含量并计算总腺苷酸(TAN)和能荷(EC). 结果 BDL+NS组各时间点肝细胞线粒体内MDA、ADP、AMP含量明显升高,而SOD、ATP、EC含量却明显降低.胆总管结扎7 d、14 d时,肝细胞线粒体内MDA含量BDL+LA组比BDL+NS组低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);2l d时,AMP、MDA含量BDL+NS组和BDL+LA中都更进一步升高,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).胆总管结扎7 d、14 d时,肝细胞线粒体内SOD含量、ATP含量BDL+LA组比BDL+NS组下降程度有显著性差异(7 d,P＜0.01;14 d,P＜0.05);21 d时,两组肝细胞线粒体内SOD含量都进一步下降,但差异无统计学意义(p＞0.05). 结论 α-硫辛酸在阻塞性黄疸早、中期有保护线粒体能量代谢作用,减轻了阻塞性黄疸时肝的损伤.     

复发性结肠癌再手术26例分析

目的探讨结肠癌术后复发的原因及手术疗法。方法对2000年1月至2010年1月住院再手术治疗的26例复发性结肠癌病例进行回顾性分析。结果首次手术到复发确诊时间为10个月～11年,平均28个月,其中术后2年内复发17例(65.4%),2～5年内复发7例,5年以上复发2例。再次手术切除20例,占76.9%,其中根治性切除15例,姑息性切除5例;根治性切除者生存1～5年,姑息性切除者生存10～28个月。结论结肠癌复发多发生在术后2年内,复发的原因是多方面的。对局部复发病例,若能排除远处转移,应积极手术治疗。