Evaluation of corticospinal tract injury with three-dimensional diffusion tensor tract in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Three-dimensional diffusion tensor tract (DTT) is the newest imaging to describe the structure of white matter fiber in three-dimensions, it has great significance in dividing the concrete anatomic site of gray and white matter lesions, displaying the correlation with fibrous band and judging clinical prognosis, which is incomparable by other imagings.OBJECTTVE: To observe the conditions of corticospinal tract (CST) in acute cerebral ischemic stroke patients,and analyze the relationship between motor function and the severity of CST injury.DESIGN: A case-control observation.SETTTNG: Department of Medical Imaging, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTTCTPANTS: Fifteen patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected from Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from February to December in 2005. They all suffered from acute attack and motor disorder of hemiplegic limbs to different extent, and were conformed by CT or MRI.There were 9 males and 6 females, aging 16-87 years old, the median age was 51.7 years, and all were right handed. Fifteen right-handed normal subjects, who were matched by age and sex with the patients in the cerebral infarction group, were selected from the relatives of patients and physicians of the Imaging Department as the control group. All the subjects were informed and agreed with the study.METHODS: The patients with acute cerebral infarction and subjects in the control group received MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with GE 1.5 T nuclear magnetic resonance system, fiber tracking with the software of dTV- Ⅱ. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps and three-dimensional tractography of bilateral CST of all patients were created. Displacement, continuity and destroy of fibrous bands were observed. At the same time, muscle strength of ipsilateral hand of patients with cerebral infarction was measured with Brunnstrom standard. The correlation between the severity of CST injury and the muscle strength of ipsilateral hand was analyzed with spearman correlation analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① FA values in the infarcted sites and those in the contralateral corresponding sites of patients with cerebral infarction; ② CST manifestations in the patients with cerebral infarction and the control group.RESULTS: All the 30 testees were involved in the analysis of results. ① The FA values in infarcted sites of white matter were significantly lower than those in the contralateral ones (t =4.570, P ＜ 0.001 ). ② In the control group, bilateral CST were reconstructed, they originated from precentral gyrus, went downwards to internal capsule, and extended to pontine and medulla oblongata, each fiber had good uniformity in continuous form. In the patients with cerebral infarction, the forms of contralateral CST were consistent with those in the control group with good continuity. Due to the involvement by the infarcted site to different extents, the ipsilateral CST manifested as continuous interruption and loss of uniformity in anatomic structure and form. The CST involvements were divided into three grades: integrated CST for grade I (n =2); integrated CST but compressed or displaced for grade 2 (n =5); interrupted CST for grade 3 (n =8). ③ The severity of CST injury was obviously correlated with the muscle strength of the ipsilateral hand (r=0.888, P＜ 0.05＝.CONCLUSION: ① CST is injured to different extents in patients with acute cerebral infarction, and the severity of injury is associated with muscle strength. It is indicated that it can be used to judge the prognosis of rehabilitative treatment. ②DTT can directly display the status of pyramidal tract more three-dimensionally.     

高转换型肾性骨病中骨保护素及其配体的表达和形态计量学观察

目的 观察高转换型肾性骨病中骨保护素及其配体 (OPG，RANKL)的表达，并与骨形态计量学指标进行相关分析。 方法 选择10例慢性肾衰尿毒症患者和3例正常人进行髂骨活检术，获得骨组织标本。采用免疫组化方法检测OPG和RANKL蛋白质的表达。采用全自动图像分析系统进行骨组织形态计量学测定。结果 10例慢性肾衰尿毒症患者经骨病理学检查证实均为高转换型骨病，以破骨细胞活化形成骨吸收陷窝伴或不伴骨矿化不全为特点。免疫组化显示尿毒症患者骨组织中以RANKL阳性表达为主。与正常对照相比，RANKL阳性表达细胞数目显著增加，OPG阳性表达细胞数目显著减少。尿毒症患者RANKL的阳性表达细胞数目与骨吸收面积和破骨细胞数目呈显著正相关。结论 高转换型肾性骨病中，PTH的溶骨作用可能是通过OPG/RANKL/RANK系统介导的。     

Evaluation of mandibular block using a standardized method.

The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to investigate the manifestations and efficiency of mandibular block (MB) using a standardized method. In this study, 123 patients requiring MB were randomly assigned to receive MB using a repeated measures design. Mandibular block was administered in each patient by using 2.1 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100 000 epinephrine for the inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve, and/or buccal nerve. Clinical parameters including the electric pulp test and test for soft tissue sensation using a sharp dental explorer were assessed on both the operated side and contralateral side before and 5, 10, and 15 minutes after injection, and at the end of surgical procedure. Results of the test of the contralateral tooth served as the control group. No response to the electric pulp test at a maximum output (80 readings) was used as the criterion for pulpal anesthesia. Results obtained with electric pulp test and sharp explorer test were not significantly different during various intervals on the contralateral side, indicating the reliability of this standardized method for assessing MB. The MB technique achieved a high rate of subjective numbness (100%) according to the perception of the patients of overall numbness and lip numbness. Overall anesthetic success rates of pulpal anesthesia were 5.7% for the central incisor, 38.2% for the canine, 55.3% for the first premolar, and 90.2% for the first molar. No significant difference was found in the efficiency of anesthesia related to sex or age of the patients. A slower onset of pulpal anesthesia after MB was found for the anterior teeth than for the posterior teeth. This study suggests that the use of a standardized method might produce a clearer and more comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency and manifestations of MB.     

对乙酰氨基酚引起的急性肝衰竭：一项美国多中心前瞻性研究结果

严重的对乙酰氨基酚肝毒性常常会引起急性肝衰竭（ALF），作者在美国的22所三级护理中心调查了由对乙酰氨基酚引起的肝衰竭的发生率、危险因素和预后，用超过6年的时间收集到662例完全符合ALF（包括肝源性凝血症和肝性脑病）标准的患者资料，详细分析后发现：其中有275例（45％）是由对乙酰氨基酚引起的。调查发现，对乙酰氨基酚相关性ALF的年度百分比由1998年的28％上升至2003年的51％。对乙酰氨基酚的中位摄入量为24g（相当于48个高含量的片剂）。在上述275例中，误服过量者有131例（48％），有意服用者（即有自杀倾向者）有122例（44％），还有22例（8％）为不明意图。在误服组中38％同时服用了两种或多种对乙酰氨基酚制剂，63％患者服用了含有镇静剂的复合制剂。据报道，81％患者因为急性或慢性疼痛误服了对乙酰氨基酚和（或）其他镇痛剂。总体上，有178例研究对象（65％）存活，74例（27％）未经肝移植而死亡，23例（8％）进行了肝移植，其中71％的患者仅存活了3周。未接受移植的存活率和肝移植存活率在误服组和有意服用组差别不明显。     

制作角膜缘干细胞完全缺乏动物模型的新方法

目的提出一种新的角膜缘干细胞完全缺乏模型制作方法,为干细胞缺乏疾病的治疗性研究提供可靠的模型。方法利用9mm环钻划界,板层切除角膜组织,通过临床评分、印迹细胞学、组织病理及免疫组织化学验证模型的成功。结果板层切除术后30~45d,模型眼角膜混浊、上皮缺损、大量新生血管长入,印迹细胞学可见PAS( )的杯状细胞,组织病理学检查上皮符合结膜细胞表型,免疫荧光染色可见结膜杯状细胞特异性标志MUC5AC阳性表达。结论环钻划界加板层切除法为一种可靠、有效的角膜缘干细胞完全缺乏模型制作方法。     

IFN-γ和糖皮质激素对哮喘病人T淋巴细胞中的TGF-β的作用

目的:探讨C D4 TG F-β,C D8 TG F-β在哮喘发病机制中的作用,了解IFN-γ和糖皮质激素对其的影响。方法:采用Ficoll-H ypague密度梯度离心及贴壁培养法对18例哮喘患者和10例健康对照者外周血单个核细胞进行分离,纯化后,加入地塞米松及IFN-γ培养24h,加入PM A,莫能菌素,艾罗霉素培养4.5h,促使细胞内细胞因子聚集于高尔基体,取培养上清中的淋巴细胞经流式细胞仪检测分析C D4 T、C D8 T淋巴细胞及其细胞内细胞因子TG F-β表达率。结果:C D4 TG F-β、C D8 TG F-β及C D4、C D8细胞内总TG F-β检测结果的比较,哮喘组C D4 TG F-β(15.50±0.15)%、C D8 TG F-β(19.34±0.18)%,与正常对照组(9.57±0.16)%、(13.49±0.26)%比较,显著增高(均P<0.05);加入地塞米松培养的哮喘组C D4 TG F-β,C D8 TG F-β无显著变化(P>0.05),加入IFN-γ培养的哮喘组C D4 TG F-β(7.61±0.09)%、C D8 TG F-β(9.82±0.19)%的变化显著降低(均P<0.05),C D4、CD8细胞内总TG F-β哮喘组(32.42±1.17)%比正常组(20.53±1.02)%显著增加(P<0.05),加地塞米松后无显著变化(P>0.05),加IFN-γ后(16.85±0.14)%,显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:哮喘急性发作期有C D4 TG F-β、C D8 TG F-β升高;地塞米松不能降低哮喘气道重塑;IFN-γ可通过抑制TG F-β的分泌治疗哮喘,降低哮喘气道重塑。     

老年单纯收缩期高血压患者脉压增大的机制、意义和治疗进展

流行病学调查表明,老年人高血压患者中50%以上表现为单纯收缩期高血压(ISH)和脉压(PP)增大.收缩压(SBP)升高及PP增大与心血管疾病(CVD)之间存在独立而显著的相关性,是CVD独立的预测因子.随着对血管病变的深入了解,认识到动脉增厚变硬、弹性减退是ISH患者主要的发病机制,这种结构及功能病变与CVD的发生有关.合理的研究治疗目标应该在控制血压的同时改善或逆转血管病变,从而进一步减少心脑血管并发症.     

我国医疗器械数字化技术发展中存在的主要问题及原因

本文提出了我国医疗器械产业中数字化技术发展中存在的主要问题，并分析了问题产生的原因。     

生化修饰疗法对晚期恶性肿瘤病人的治疗与护理观察

目的：探讨生化修饰疗法对晚期恶性肿瘤病人的治疗效果。方法：对57例晚期恶性肿瘤病人采用置管经输注泵输注化疗药物治疗与护理。结果：此法较全身化疗疗效高，毒副作用小。尤其适用于一般状况差又难于耐受全身化疗的晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤病人。结论：生化修饰疗法安全、有效、方便、费用低，值得推广。     

顺铂聚乳酸微球的药物释放特性及肝动脉栓塞研究

对顺铂聚乳酸微球进行了体外药物释放和家犬肝动脉栓塞研究。该微球粒径范围为50～200μm,平均粒径为115.76±35.94μm,顺铂含量为37.16%(W/W);体外药物释放机制符合Higuchi方程;肝动脉栓塞后8h,肝组织顺铂浓度高达21.55±12.18μg/g,明显高于肝动脉灌注顺铂组:3.16±0.09μg/g(P<0.05);肝动脉栓塞组的顺铂血浓峰值、各取血点浓度及曲线下面积AUC皆低于肝动脉灌注顺铂组。可望达到提高栓塞部位的药物疗效,降低全身毒副反应的作用。