硫酸长春新碱传递体的制备及其离体透皮研究

目的:筛选制备硫酸长春新碱传递体(VCR-T)的最佳工艺,预测其作为VCR新制剂的可行性。方法:采用干膜超声法通过正交试验优化制备工艺;激光散射粒径分析仪测量粒径及其分布,透射电镜观察形态,HPLC测定包封率;改良的Franz扩散池进行体外透皮试验。结果:最优处方及工艺:卵磷脂:去氧胆酸钠为70:20,载体:VCR为45:10;pH7.3,水合30min;制备的硫酸长春新碱传递体为淡黄色透明胶体溶液,平均粒径94nm,外形圆整光滑,分布均匀,包封率为90%;以零级速率透过皮肤,24h累积透皮吸收率为63.8%。结论:VCR-T有望成为VCR临床给药的一种新给药系统。     

四象元素在清代医籍中的表达与内涵

源于易学的四象元素在清代医籍中屡见不鲜,并被医家赋予了更为丰富的内涵。通过对清代医籍进行系统地梳理,认为四象元素的表达形式可分为方药四象与人身四象两大类,包括药物四象、方剂四象,以及脏腑四象、经络四象、体质四象、丹功导引四象。四象元素在不同场景中所体现的思想同中有异且不可替代,对传统医学理论的优化与完善起到了重要作用。     

西拉普利对高血压病人胰岛素抗药性的影响

目的：为探索西拉普利治疗高血压病疗效及其对胰岛素抗药性的影响。方法：采用随机对照法对原发性高血压３０例（男性１６例，女性１４例，年龄４８±ｓ１０ａ），用西拉普利２．５～５．０ｍｇ／ｄ，疗程４ｗｋ。对照组为２０例（男性１１例，女性９例；年龄５２±７ａ），用氢氯噻嗪２５～５０ｍｇ／ｄ，疗程４ｗｋ。结果：西拉普利和氢氯噻嗪都有明显降压作用，但只有西拉普利有改善胰岛素抗药性的效应。结论：西拉普利治疗高血压病人有改善胰岛素抗药性的作用，对糖代谢起良好的影响。     

资源需求型智慧教育模式在康复评定学教学中的应用

在信息技术不断变革创新的时代,智慧教育模式在逐渐取代传统的教学模式,学习者"学习方式"正在发生深刻的变革,对学习资源的需求也在改变,人们需要学习资源多样化、微型化、切需化,以适应新的学习文化和学习方式.在我校康复评定学课程教学中,我们引入智慧教育模式,开展康复评定学课程"资源需求型"研究,以期探索符合当前信息时代的高等...     

大鼠长期脾虚和热证造模的胃黏膜主细胞超微结构观察

目的模拟慢性病证是动物实验的主要难点。本实验观察比较大鼠长期(26周)脾虚和热证造模动物胃黏膜主细胞的超微结构。方法将Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、脾虚组、热证组。对照组正常饲养26周;脾虚组用耗气破气加饥饱失常法造模26周;热证组灌喂熟附子、肉桂、干姜、女贞子煎剂26周。另取幼年大鼠为幼年组作为对照。实验结束后取胃体后壁组织,透射电镜观察胃黏膜主细胞超微结构。结果对照组主细胞粗面内质网排列基本整齐,部分内质网池略呈小泡状扩张。脾虚组主细胞粗面内质网池扩张,从小泡状至池状之间,甚至呈湖状。胞质内出现髓鞘样小体或髓鞘样结构。热证组主细胞粗面内质网池扩张,呈小泡状,失去正常的同心性层状结构。幼年组主细胞粗面内质网排列比较整齐。结论热证组和脾虚组动物胃黏膜主细胞超微结构均有变化,以脾虚组更为严重。由于实验时间较长,实验结束时大鼠已近1岁龄,所以对照组动物胃黏膜主细胞超微结构也略有衰老改变。     

关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上的摄取特性研究

目的:研究关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上的摄取特性.方法:采用液相色谱质谱联用(LC-MS)测定法,COSMOSIL C18柱(150 mm×2.0mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-水(含0.2％冰乙酸)30∶70,流速0.2 mL· min-1,电喷雾离子化(ES1)方式,采用选择性离子检测法,检测离子为正离子,关附壬素的选择性离子:[M+H],m/z 388.考察了温度、药物浓度、时间和pH对关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上摄取的影响.结果:关附壬素在0.2～50.0μmol·L-1内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9967),最低定量限为0.2 μmol·L-1.关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上的摄取具有一定的浓度、时间和pH依赖性.结论:该方法灵敏、操作简单,选择性强,关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上摄取良好,其摄取表现为被动扩散.     

Exploring the mechanism of Buyang Huanwu decoction in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD), as one of the traditional Chinese medicine formulas, is widely used in the clinical treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with curative effect. It has the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target, and mutual synergy, but the mechanism of action is often unclear. It needs some research to explore the molecular mechanism of BYHWD in the treatment of LDH based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Screen the active compounds of BYHWD and predict drug-related gene/protein targets, which could determine the specific target of BYHWD in the treatment of LDH. Construct the “Drugs-Compounds-Targets” network and search for the core targets. Use Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, and molecular docking verification to explore the possible molecular mechanism. Eighty-two effective compounds and 666 targets of BYHWD, 187 targets for LDH treatment, and 20 core candidate targets were excavated. A total of 3414 entries were identified by Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, 173 related signal pathways were identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, and 5 core compounds were identified by molecular docking, which had a good affinity with core genes STAT3, JUN, AKT1, MAPK1, RELA, and PIK3CA. BYHWD may play the role of analgesic and improving function by synergistic anti-inflammatory and analgesic compounds, regulating cell metabolic differentiation, regulating immunity, and anticoagulation. BYHWD in the treatment of LDH may play a role in analgesia and improve function through multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-17. The PI3K-Akt signaling may be one of the key mechanisms.     

Aquaporin-4 gene disruption in mice protects against impaired retinal function and cell death after ischemia

PURPOSE: Water channel aquaporin (AQP)-4 is expressed in Muller cells in retina, which are similar to astroglial cells in the central nervous system, where AQP4 deletion protects against cytotoxic brain edema after cerebral ischemia. A transient ischemia-reperfusion model was used to determine whether AQP4 deletion in mice protects the retina. METHODS: Retinal function and morphology were assessed in wild-type versus AQP4-deficient mice after ischemic damage produced by a 45- to 60-minute elevation of intraocular pressure to 120 mm Hg. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography, and retinal structure by light microscopy. Extracellular space (ECS) size in fluorescently stained retinal slices was assessed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. RESULTS: Retinal function and cell survival were significantly improved in AQP4-deficient mice in both inbred (C57/bl6) and outbred (CD1) genetic backgrounds. By electroretinography, b-wave amplitude was reduced by 75% to 83% at 1 to 4 days after ischemia in wild-type mice versus 48% to 51% in AQP4-null CD1 mice. Reductions were 53% to 72% versus <34% in C57/bl6 mice. Retinal structure and cell count were preserved in AQP4-null mice, particularly in the inner nuclear and plexiform layers of the retina, where Müller cells are concentrated. At 4 days after ischemia, inner retinal thickness was thinned by 43% in wild-type mice versus 11% in AQP4-null mice. Several mechanisms for retinal protection were investigated, including ECS expansion, reduced early swelling, and altered Kir4.1 K(+) channel expression. CONCLUSIONS: AQP4 deletion in mice is neuroprotective in a transient ischemia model of retinal injury, suggesting the possible use of AQP4 inhibitors in retinal vascular occlusive and ischemic diseases.     

尼卡地平静脉点滴用于妊娠期高血压急症紧急降压的疗效观察

目的 观察静脉用尼卡地平治疗孕期高血压急症的降压效果及对母婴的安全性。方法 观察16例妊娠期高血压急症病人接受静点尼卡地平治疗,心电监护仪观察24h动态血压、心率并评价其稳定性,电子监护仪监测胎心率用药前后变化,B超测定脐动脉血流S/D值并对新生儿进行Apgar评分、出生体重及新生儿预后的分析,了解其安全性。结果 全部患者静点尼卡地平后5～40min内血压可降至预期血压(140～150/90～100)mmHg,并能保持血压平稳。血压下降初始可伴心率加快,但多无症状,2h内即恢复。治疗前后胎心监护、胎儿脐血流无明显改变。结论 尼卡地平用于重度妊高症降压治疗是有效的,可平稳维持血压,未发现有严重不良反应,对胎儿安全性与其他钙拮抗剂相似。     

左乙拉西坦引起苯巴比妥血药浓度降低案例分析

目的:探讨左乙拉西坦与苯巴比妥的药物相互作用及作用机制。方法:临床药师通过神经内科ICU的一例伴难以控制、反复发作癫的急性重症脑炎病例用药发现问题,查阅病历资料及相关文献进行分析。结果:左乙拉西坦可引起苯巴比妥血药浓度降低,可能与两者竞争结合P糖蛋白有关。结论:临床药师应该加强对左乙拉西坦的药物相互作用的观察和研究,以促进抗癫药物的合理应用。