斯堪的纳维亚胃肠病学杂志

颈部食管的异位胃黏膜：是否参与了后壁喉炎患咽喉部反流的发病机制；结肠直肠癌手术联合放疗与单纯手术治疗后的大便失禁患，在盆底运动／生物反馈训练的短期和远期疗效方面的比较：一项临床、功能性及内镜／超声内镜检查的前瞻性对照研究。     

深化工科物理教学改革培养创新型人才

分析近年来国内高校教育形式的变化，肯定扎实学生基础、培养创新型人才的重要性，结合多年来在工科物理教改中的探索经验和初步成果，提出了深化工科物理教学改革、培养创新型人才的思路和实现途径。     

绞股蓝总皂甙对自由基损伤血管内皮的保护作用

本文观察了绞股蓝总皂苷(Gypenosides,GYP)对电解性自由基(OFR)损伤离体兔胸主动脉和脑基底动脉内皮的保护作用:电解性OFR使乙酰胆碱(Ach)诱导的兔主动脉环舒张百分率明显降低,舒张比值(RR)变小,使离体兔脑基底动脉灌流压升高。结果显示绞股蓝能保护血管内皮免受OFR损伤,且呈剂量依赖性,并明显抑制OFR所致灌流压升高。作用似二甲亚砜(DMSO),说明GYP对外源性OFR损伤具保护作用。     

医源性胆管狭窄X线表现

本文报道了１３例医源性胆管狭窄，分析其影像表现。特点为：环形狭窄；线样狭窄，包括规则的和不规则的线样狭窄；闭塞性狭窄；胆管闭塞和胆管中断分离。ＥＲＣＴ和ＰＣＴ对狭窄的形态，位置及长度显示优于ＣＴ和ＵＳ。     

Human interleukin 4 regulates the phenotype of lymphocytes generated during mixed lymphocyte culture and inhibits the IL-2-induced development of LAK function in normal and leukaemic cells

This study examined the immunoregulatory role of recombinant interleukin 4 (IL-4), also known as B-cell stimulating factor 1, on the generation of cytotoxic effector cells from normal and leukaemic human blood mononuclear cells. When tested on cells from normal individuals, the addition of IL-4 to mixed lymphocyte cultures led to a dose-dependent proliferation of T-helper cells (CD3, 4 positive) with a concomitant decrease in phenotypic and functional cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. IL-4 also inhibited the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity when added at the beginning of mixed lymphocyte culture. When tested on mature leukaemic NK cells, IL-4 also inhibited the ability of IL-2 to induce LAK function using a short-term culture system. These results show that IL-4 acts on both normal and leukaemic cells and suggests that it acts at more than one level during the development of LAK function.     

Stereoselectivity of actions of the calcium sensitizer [+]-EMD 60263 and its enantiomer [-]-EMD 60264

The thiadiazinone derivative [+]-EMD 60263 ((+)-5-(1-(α-ethylimino-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoline-6-yl)-6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3,4 -thiadiazine-2-on) is a Ca²⁺-sensitizing agent with only minor phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity. Our aim was to characterize the inotropic and electrophysiological effects of [+]-EMD 60263 and its enantiomer [-]-EMD 60264 in several cardiac muscle preparations. The Ca²⁺-sensitizing activity resided in the [+]-enantiomer only. [+]-EMD 60263 (3 μM) shifted the EC₅₀ of Ca²⁺ for contractile activation of skinned fibers of pig heart from 2.41 μM to 0.73 μM, whereas [-]-EMD 60264 (30 μM) was ineffective. In Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts, [+]-EMD 60263 and [-]-EMD 60264 induced concentration-dependent positive and negative inotropic effects, respectively; both enantiomers reduced spontaneous heart rate but did not influence perfusion pressure. The maximum increase in force of human atrial trabeculae was 35 % of pre-drug control with [+]-EMD 60263 in comparison to 113 % with forskolin. In guinea-pig papillary muscles, [+]-EMD 60263 and [-]-EMD 60264 had opposite inotropic responses, however, both agents similarly prolonged action potential duration. Both enantiomers concentration-dependently blocked the rapidly activating component I_Kr of the delayed rectifier in guinea-pig myocytes. The block saturated at potentials positive to +30 mV, closely resembling the effects of the antiarrhythmic agent E-4031 which had been originally used to define I_Kr. It is concluded, that the positive inotropic action of [+]-EMD 60263 can be explained by prevalence of the Ca²⁺-sensitizing effect. The accompanying prolongation in action potential duration is caused by block of the I_Kr component of the delayed rectifier. While the inotropic effects are stereoselective, most of the electrophysiological actions are clearly independent of sterical configuration. The combination of Ca²⁺-sensitizing with class-III antiarrhythmic action may provide an interesting pharmacological profile of potential therapeutic use. Received: 7 January 1997 / Accepted: 25 February 1997     

人睫状神经营养因子结构和功能的研究

制备高活性的重组人睫状神经营养因子，并研究其生物学功能。方法：应用大肠杆菌表达ｈＣＮＴＦ，用片段插入和法研究其结构与功能关系；切断大鼠骨神经，局部及皮下给予ＣＮＴＦ，应用辣根过氧化物酶逆行追踪技术显示再生轴突通过修复部位的胞体。结果；ｈＣＮＴＦ分子中α－螺旋结构的维持对其生物活性十分重要Ｃ端松散地其生物活性贡献不大，Ｄ螺旋中后段可能与生物活性有密切关系；     

棕榈油对成人血脂和血小板功能的影响

报道了棕榈油（ＰＡ），花生油（ＰＥ）对血清总胆固醇水平（ＴＣ）在５．５～７．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的受试者血脂和血小板功能的影响。５１名受试者（男３１人，女２０人，年龄３０～６６岁之间）分为两组，一组男１５人，女１１人，称ＰＥ组；另一组男１６人女９人，称ＰＡ组，预备期３周，膳食以当地日常食用的花生油烹调，实验期６周。ＰＡ组受试者食用以棕榈油烹调的实验膳；ＰＥ组受试者仍食花生油烹调的膳食。脂肪约占膳食能量的３０％，其中６０％～６５％来自实验油。实验结果表明：与起始值相比，６周末ＰＡ组受试者血清ＴＣ，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）和总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值（ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）显著下降，血浆血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）／６－酮前列环素Ｆ１α、（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α）比值显著下降，全血血小板聚集率未见显著变化。ＰＥ组受试者的血脂、血浆ＴＸＢ２、６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α及全血血小板聚集率等指标均未出现显著变化。提示，棕榈油作为我国居民家庭烹调用油并不会增加发生心血管疾病的危险。     

赤灵芝段木栽培新技术研究

短段木仿野生栽培灵芝是近年发展起来的灵芝人工栽培新法,应用于大规模生产。本文将栽培要点归纳为:熟材短段木断面接种室内培菌(野外)大棚覆土栽培。