盐酸甲氯芬酯的合成

目的合成盐酸甲氯芬酯。方法以对氯苯氧乙酸和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺为起始原料,以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,在甲苯条件下共沸分水,进行酯化反应,制得甲氯芬酯。然后在异丙醇中直接加入氯化亚砜进行成盐,最终制得盐酸甲氯芬酯。结果两步收率达到60%。结论此工艺条件简单可行,成本低,且适合工业化生产。     

"循经移疮泄毒"治疗癌肿方法的初步构建及临床意义

目的:构建"循经移疮泄毒"治疗晚期癌肿方法的操作流程,并初步分析其临床意义。方法:对晚期肝癌患者循足厥阴肝经在"膝关"腧穴下行部位实施移疮泄毒,采用ELECSYS电化学分光免疫法对移疮部位的渗出液和同期血清中肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原(CEA)等进行检测,并与非肝经所对应脏腑晚期癌肿患者的循肝经移疮泄毒疗效进行对比分析。结果:在晚期肝癌患者循肝经移疮泄毒的发疱液中检出高于血清浓度的癌胚抗原(CEA)等物质。结论:采用"循经移疮泄毒"法,有助于癌肿毒性物质排出体外。     

白虎加人参汤干预糖代谢及糖尿病并发症的实验研究进展

通过检索文献并整理分析,总结了1995年至2012年间有关白虎加人参汤干预糖代谢及糖尿病并发症的实验室研究进展。主要包括以下4方面：（I）降血糖作用及机理的研究进展;（2）改善糖尿病并发症的研究进展;（3）白虎加人参汤各单味药干预糖代谢的物质基础研究;（4）白虎加人参汤干预糖代谢的配伍规律研究。     

Anti-tumor pharmacology of natural products targeting mitosis

Cancer has been an insurmountable problem in the history of medical science. The uncontrollable proliferation of cancer cells is one of cancer’s main characteristics, which is closely associated with abnormal mitosis. Targeting mitosis is an effective method for cancer treatment. This review summarizes several natural products with anti-tumor effects related to mitosis, focusing on targeting microtubulin, inducing DNA damage, and modulating mitosis-associated kinases. Furthermore, the main disadvantages of several typical compounds, including drug resistance, toxicity to non-tumor tissues, and poor aqueous solubility and pharmacokinetic properties, are also discussed, together with strategies to address them. Improved understanding of cancer cell mitosis and natural products may pave the way to drug development for the treatment of cancer.     

RNA干扰抑制Nogo-A基因表达及对PC12细胞凋亡的影响

为研究Nogo-A基因沉默对细胞凋亡的影响,本文构建了靶向Nogo-A的短发夹样RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)真核表达载体并经脂质体转染到培养的PC12细胞。分别以逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫印迹法检测转染48h后Nogo-A mRNA及蛋白表达的变化。在转染后不同时间应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测细胞增殖活性,用原位末端标记(TUNEL)法及流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。结果显示:由shRNA产生的小干扰RNA(siRNA)可有效抑制PC12细胞Nogo-A基因的表达。Nogo-A siRNA处理组细胞的增殖活性增加、凋亡率明显下降。本结果提示,Nogo-A基因可能与细胞凋亡有关。     

焦虑症和抑郁症患者的视觉和脑干听觉诱发电位观察

目的 研究脑诱发电位在焦虑症患者中的应用.方法 收集37例焦虑症组(AD)、32例抑郁症组(CD)及36名正常成人对照组(NC),应用Nicolet Bravo脑电生理仪以及光、声刺激,进行视觉诱发电位(VEPs)和脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEPs)检查.结果 AD组、CD组和NC组在潜伏期P 2(Fz脑区),波幅N 1(Cz脑区)上有差异显著性(P＜0.01).与NC相比,AD组潜伏期P 2前移(Fz脑区),波幅P 2下降(Cz脑区).与AD组比较,CD 组潜伏期延长.CD组潜伏期变化方向与AD组相反.结论 AD组和CD组改变与欧美报道相似.AD和CD诱发电位的特点,值得进一步随访观察.     

情感性障碍患者的条件负变化

目的 探讨情感性障碍与正常成人在条件负变化(CNV)检测中的不同表现.方法 应用光和声两种成对刺激,对29例情感性障碍患者和27例正常成人的CNV作了检测.结果 显示躁狂相组患者波幅B增高(P＜0.01),抑郁相组患者A-S'2面积缩小(P＜0.01),PINV潜伏期延长(P＜0.05),并且抑郁相单相组比双相组的PINV潜伏期显著延长(P＜0.01).结论 CNV和指令信号后负变化等提示PINV潜伏期延长可能是抑郁相单相患者的素质标记,而CNV波幅的变化则可能是情感性障碍患者的状态标记.     

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of esmolol in treating patients with septic shock: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:In septic shock cases, tachycardia and a hyperdynamic hemodynamic profile are characteristics of the condition. It has been reported that using beta antagonist esmolol constitutes a form of treatment to reduce heart rate to improve diastolic filling time and elevate cardiac output, which reduces vasopressor support. Still, there are controversial results. Therefore, in this study, the primary objective is to perform a meta-analysis by systematically evaluating the efficiency and security of using esmolol to treat septic shocks.Methods:A systematic literature search for relevant randomized controlled trials that report evaluations on the efficiency and safety of using esmolol to treat septic shock patients from their inception to February 2022 will be conducted in three databases containing publications in Chinese language (WanFang, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and four databases containing English language publications (Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE). The screening of the relevant studies will be performed by a pair of authors independently, and the screening involves examining the title, abstract and full-text stages, data extraction, and bias risk assessment. The results are summarized through the fixed-effects and random-effects models, the respective models will be utilized for data pooling according to the heterogeneity of studies that will be included. Moreover, publication bias is assessed if more than ten studies are considered.Results:The results are a high-quality synthesis of the most recent evidence for esmolol usage in septic shock treatment.Conclusion:Up-to-date evidence will be provided through the results of this systematic review related to assessing the efficacy and safeness of esmolol usage in treating septic shock.Ethics and dissemination:Ethical permissions are not required as prepublished data are used.OSF registration number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/SKEZ7     

联合检测UBC、HA和CK20诊断膀胱癌的临床价值

背景与目的:膀胱癌是最常见的泌尿系统肿瘤,尿脱落细胞学检查是无创性诊断的金标准,但敏感性较低.本研究探讨联合运用尿膀胱癌抗原(urinary bladder cancer,UBC)、透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)和细胞角蛋白20(cytokeratin 20,CK20)诊断膀胱癌的临床价值.方法:对64例膀胱癌患者、20例泌尿系良性疾病患者,在膀胱镜检查之前留尿,分别采用酶链免疫吸附实验、放射免疫分析和逆转录聚合酶链反应检测UBC、HA和CK20在尿液中的表达,同时行脱落细胞学检查,分析比较4种方法诊断膀胱癌的临床价值.结果:UBC、HA和CK20诊断膀胱癌的敏感性分别为85.9%(55/64)、89.1%(57/64)、78.1%(50/64),与脱落细胞学(40.6%)检查比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);4种方法诊断膀胱癌的特异性分别为85,0%(17/20)、80.0%(16/20)、80%(16/20)和95%(19/20).各分级和分期肿瘤UBC、HA和CK20的敏感性分别高于尿脱落细胞学检查,UBC值各分级和分期比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).HA检测G2、G3组较G1组明显增高(P<0.01),但G2、G3组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各分期之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).CK20检测随肿瘤的分级与分期的增高,敏感性增高(P<0.01).联合运用UBC、HA和CK20敏感性可达96.9%,特异性达100%.结论:联合UBC、HA和CK20能提高诊断膀胱癌的敏感性和特异性,初步诊断能够代替膀胱镜检查.     

腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治术中完全腹膜外经皮输尿管造口术

目的 介绍一种腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治术中,完全腹膜外输尿管造口新技术,评价其治疗一例T₄期高级别膀胱浸润性尿路上皮癌患者的疗效。方法 以1例75岁男性高级别膀胱浸润性尿路上皮癌(T₄N₀M₀)为例,介绍一种腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除术中,完全腹膜外输尿管造口技术的4个关键步骤,包括游离输尿管(将左侧输尿管游离足够长度)、汇集两根输尿管(腹腔镜下将左侧输尿管经直肠后方拉至右侧)、建立腹膜外通道(游离扩大右侧腹膜外间隙,将两根输尿管从此通道拉出)、腹膜重建。结果 手术共耗时(从消毒铺单开始计时到输尿管造口结束)248 min,出血量100 ml,造口处可见清晰尿液流出,患者术后住院时间8 d。结论 本例输尿管造口术是一种完全腹腔镜下经皮输尿管造口技术的尝试,相较于传统输尿管造口术而言,该术式创伤小,出血量少,术后恢复时间缩短。对于需要永久性尿流改道,但心肺功能差,手术风险高或没有机会做肠道尿流改道的患者,该术式是一种可行且安全的尿流改道方式。