石榴籽油对高脂膳食大鼠血脂的影响

目的 研究石榴籽油对高脂膳食大鼠血脂水平的影响.方法 50只雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分为5组:空白对照组(C)、高脂模型组(HFC)、高脂低石榴籽油组(HFLP)、高脂中石榴籽油组(HFMP)、高脂高石榴籽油组(HFHP),除空白对照组饲以普通饲料外,其余各组饲以高脂饲料并用不同剂量石榴籽油进行干预.结果 4周后,血清TC、TG、LDL-C、AI等指标,高脂模型组均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),HDL-C(P<0.05或P<0.01)下降;石榴籽油干预组血清TC、TG、LDL-C、AI等指标均显著低于高脂模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而HDL-C升高(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 石榴籽油可显著抑制高脂膳食大鼠血脂的增高.     

两种干预模式对MSM人群干预效果分析

目的了解两种干预模式对MSM人群干预效果,为建立有效的干预模式提供参考。方法采用两种不同的干预模式（A模式,B模式）分别在两个区域对MSM人群进行干预,6个月后,采用方便抽样方法,抽取干预试验区内MSM269人进行问卷调查。结果两类试验区调查对象艾滋病防治基本知识知晓率、对同伴教育的认知、以及接受性病检测和主动咨询方面没有显著性差异,但是在接受HIV检测方面A模式区为33.0％,B模式区为49.5％,B模式区明显高于A模式区（X^2=6.992,P=0.008）;最近一次性行为安全套使用A模式区为65.3％,B模式区为65.6％,两者无显著性差异（X^2=0.002,P=0.967）;但是最近一月性行为安全套使用两者有显著性差异（X^2=10.799,P=0.013）。结论两种干预模式干预效果B模式略优于A模式,但两种干预模式有待改进和完善,建议建立CDC与NGO合作的长效机制,加强对MSM的干预工作。     

Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Children,United States, 1999–2012

The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections is increasing in the United States. However, few studies have addressed their epidemiology in children. To phenotypically identify CRE isolates cultured from patients 1–17 years of age, we used antimicrobial susceptibilities of Enterobacteriaceae reported to 300 laboratories participating in The Surveillance Network–USA database during January 1999–July 2012. Of 316,253 isolates analyzed, 266 (0.08%) were identified as CRE. CRE infection rate increases were highest for Enterobacter species, blood culture isolates, and isolates from intensive care units, increasing from 0.0% in 1999–2000 to 5.2%, 4.5%, and 3.2%, respectively, in 2011–2012. CRE occurrence in children is increasing but remains low and is less common than that for extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae. The molecular characterization of CRE isolates from children and clinical epidemiology of infection are essential for development of effective prevention strategies.     

2006～2008年陕西省鼠疫健康教育及效果评估

目的提高陕西省鼠疫疫区干部、群众和医务人员鼠疫防治知识水平,评估近年来鼠疫健康教育活动的效果。方法调查县政府相关部门和重点乡（镇）开展鼠疫防治知识宣传教育活动情况,计算目标人群鼠疫临床、流行病学及预防、＂三不三报＂知识知晓率,健康教育效果评估采用笔试、问卷调查及访谈法,对148名接受过鼠疫防治知识宣传教育的目标人群,用选择题和简答题形式按教育内容设计测试题,测评人员根据掌握的情况自行答题并统一收回,统一评定。评分采用百分制,60分以上为合格。结果目标人群鼠疫临床、流行病学及预防、＂三不三报＂知识知晓率,干部为50.50%、63.69%和78.67%;村民为64.71%、87.91%和76.47%;医务人员为64.18%、68.51%和67.02%。鼠疫防治知识健康教育效果评估测试合格率分别为70.00%（35/50）、92.16%（47/51）和74.47%（35/47）。结论健康知识培训和宣传教育是必要的,可以强化干群健康意识,提高医务人员处置鼠疫突发疫情的能力。     

Hospitalization trends, costs, and risk factors in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy

OBJECTIVE:: To assess hospitalization trends in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Thailand, an important indicator of morbidity, ART effectiveness, and health service utilization. DESIGN:: Prospective observational cohort METHOD:: Children initiating ART in 1999-2009 were followed in 40 public hospitals. Hospitalization rate per 100 person-years were calculated from ART initiation to last follow-up/death. Costs to the healthcare provider were calculated using WHO inpatient estimates for Thailand. Zero-inflated Poisson models were used to examine risk factors for early (<12 months of ART) and late hospitalization (≥12 months) and frequency of admissions. RESULTS:: A total of 578 children initiated ART, median follow-up being 64 months [interquartile range (IQR) 43-82]; 211 (37%) children were hospitalized with 451 admissions. Hospitalization rates declined from 63 per 100 person-years at less than 6 months to approximately 10 per 100 person-years after 2 years of ART, and costs fell from $35 per patient-month to under $5, respectively. Age less than 2 years, US Centers of Disease Control and Prevention stage B/C, and stunting at ART initiation were associated with early hospitalization. Among those hospitalized, baseline CD4 cell percentage less than 5%, wasting, initiation on dual therapy, late calendar year, and female sex were associated with higher incidence of early admissions (P?<0.02). There were no predictors of late hospitalization, although previous hospitalization in less than 12 months of ART was associated with three times higher incidence of late admissions (P?相似文献   

Impact of Xuezhikang on coronary events in hypertensive patients with previous myocardial infarction from the China Coronary Secondary Prevention Study (CCSPS)

Abstract

Background. The lowering of cholesterol concentrations in individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease improves clinical outcome. Xuezhikang has a marked impact on lipids.

Methods. In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial, a total of 2704 hypertensive patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) were assigned either to placebo (n = 1341) or to Xuezhikang (0.6 g twice daily, n = 1363) for an average of 4.5 years. The primary end-point was recurrent coronary events; the secondary end-point was all-cause mortality and other clinical events, including adverse effects.

Results. There were no differences between the Xuezhikang and placebo group in base-line characteristics. However, Xuezhikang treatment reduced the incidence of coronary events by 43.0% (P = 0.02), deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD) by 30.0% (P < 0.01), and all-cause mortality by 35.8% (P = 0.001).

Conclusions. This study, for the first time, demonstrated that long-term Xuezhikang therapy resulted in significant reduction in cardiovascular events and death in Chinese hypertensive patients with previous MI in a safe manner.     

Managing abnormal blood lipids: a collaborative approach

Current data and guidelines recommend treating abnormal blood lipids (ABL) to goal. This is a complex process and requires involvement from various healthcare professionals with a wide range of expertise. The model of a multidisciplinary case management approach for patients with ABL is well documented and described. This collaborative approach encompasses primary and secondary prevention across the lifespan, incorporates nutritional and exercise management as a significant component, defines the importance and indications for pharmacological therapy, and emphasizes the importance of adherence. Use of this collaborative approach for the treatment of ABL ultimately will improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality.     

贵州儿童甲状腺肿消长情况追踪调查与分析

目的 探讨实施全民食盐加碘(USI)措施后，贵州省儿童甲状腺肿(甲肿)及其消长规律。方法 2001年4月采用点面结合的“典型调查”方法调查贵州省儿童的甲状腺肿情况，2003年10月采用群体追踪调查的方法，对2001年调查的同一人群开展甲肿消长情况的流行病学现况追踪调查。结果 2003年共有效追踪调查了1702名学生。其中在240例原检出Ⅰ度甲肿的学生中，139例转变为正常，转变率57．92％。15例转变Ⅱ度，转变率为6．25％。86例未改变，占35．83％。在28例原检出Ⅱ度甲肿的学生中，7例转为正常，2例转为I度，总体转变率42．86％。在追踪调查的1434名正常学生中，新发甲肿率为6．69％。结论 贵州省8～10岁儿童甲肿率逐年下降，但降幅非常缓慢，儿童甲肿多数会随时间推移自行减轻或恢复正常，只有少数会加重。