Bacterial meningitis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Bacterial meningitis was found in 12 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, accounting for 0.65% of the 1850 patients with the tumour diagnosed between 1981 and 1994 in our hospital. In 11 patients, the time-lag between diagnosis of cancer and the appearance of infection ranged from 9 months to 11 years (mean 57 months) whereas in one patient it was only 5 days. Three patients developed mixed bacterial meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid culture for bacteria was positive in six patients. Three patients (25%) were bacteraemic. Gram-negative bacilli, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were the most common pathogens. Age, sex and histopathology were not risk factors for infection. Conditions predisposing to meningitis included intracranial invasion of the tumor, neutropenia, otitis media, and neurosurgical procedures. All but two patients had intracranial tumour invasion and erosion of the base of the skull. Local spread of micro-organism to the meninges was more important than haematogenous spread. The overall mortality in our patients was 66.7%, much higher than in patients without cancer.      

疱液在诊断表皮下自身免疫性大疱病中的意义

目的：探讨表皮下自身免疫性大疱病疱液中抗基底膜带（ＢＭＺ）自身抗体的情况及在诊断中的意义。方法：应用非盐裂皮肤及盐裂皮肤间接免疫荧光技术（ＩＦ）检测３８例表皮下自身免疫性大疱病患者疱液和血清中ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＥ及ＩｇＧ亚型ＩｇＧ１～ＩｇＧ４抗ＢＭＺ抗体及滴度，并检测疱液和血清中结合补体Ｃ３的特异性抗ＢＭＺ抗体。结果：（１）疱液和血清中抗ＢＭＺ抗体及滴度和结合补体Ｃ３的特异性抗ＢＭＺ抗体均无显著性差异。（２）大疱性类天疱疮患者的疱液和血清中ＩｇＧ抗ＢＭＺ抗体的亚型分布相同，主要为ＩｇＧ１和ＩｇＧ４。结论：疱液可作为ＩＩＦ检测表皮下大疱病抗ＢＭＺ抗体的另一个有价值的标本来源。     

Effects of repetitive superficial chemical peels on facial sebum secretion in acne patients

BACKGROUND: Glycolic acid and Jessner's solution are popular superficial chemical peel agents for the treatment of facial acne, and increased sebum secretion is one of the major aetiological factors of acne. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of 30% glycolic acid peels and Jessner's solution peels on sebum secretion in facial acne patients. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with mild to moderate facial acne were included. Twenty-seven patients were treated with 30% glycolic acid peels and 11 patients with Jessner's solution peels. Each peel was performed twice with an interval of 2 weeks. Before and 2 weeks after each peel, sebum levels of forehead, nose, chin and cheeks were measured by using a Sebumeter (SM810 Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). RESULTS: The sebum levels were not significantly changed by two peels treatments of 30% glycolic acid peels or Jessner's solution peels on the facial skins of patients with facial acne. CONCLUSIONS: The two types of peels, 30% glycolic acid peels and Jessner's solution peels, did not affect sebum secretion of the facial skins of patients with facial acne after the two peels treatments. The accumulative effects of more than two peels treatments using these modalities need further evaluation.     

脐血间充质干细胞体外培养方法的改良及其成骨分化能力

目的:采用两种改良方法体外分离培养脐血间充质干细胞,并观察其成骨分化能力。方法:实验于2006-05/09在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院骨与关节中心细胞实验室完成。①所用28份脐血标本由复旦大学医学院附属妇产科医院提供,取自足月健康顺产新生儿,产妇和家属均书面同意,实验经医学伦理委员会批准。②采集28份脐血标本,50～90mL/份,枸橼酸抗凝。采集后12h内密度梯度离心法分离出单个核细胞,接种于100mm×20mm培养皿中,细胞浓度为1×1010L-1,置于含体积分数为0.1胎牛血清的α-MEM培养液中原代培养,5～7d后半量换液,后每隔3～4d全量换液一次。③细胞贴壁后,分两组予以改良培养。改良1组10份,当培养皿底圆形巨核细胞融合、梭形成纤维样细胞脱落时将细胞悬液移入新的培养皿中培养;改良2组18份,待培养皿底圆形巨核细胞渐渐占据优势时,将培养基更换为含体积分数为0.15小牛血清的α-MEM,当圆形巨核细胞大部脱落后换回含体积分数为0.1胎牛血清的α-MEM培养基。成纤维样细胞融合至80%～90%时胰酶消化,按1∶2或1∶3传代培养。④显微镜下观察脐血间充质干细胞的形态。取第5代脐血间充质干细胞,采用流式细胞仪测定细胞免疫表型,以碱性磷酸酶法检测成骨分化能力。结果:①28份脐血间充质干细胞中,共20份原代培养中出现贴壁细胞(改良1组6份,改良2组14份),其中13份培养出能融合且可稳定传代的成纤维样细胞(改良1组4份,改良2组9份),成功率46.4%。②原代培养5～7d后贴壁细胞呈梭形成纤维样细胞和圆形巨核细胞。改良1组与2组于原代培养5周可见成纤维样细胞集落,细胞形态与骨髓间充质干细胞相似,呈较均一的长梭形,传至22代形态无明显变化。③可强烈表达CD29、CD105等间充质干细胞表面标志,而不表达CD34、CD45和CD106等造血干细胞和内皮细胞标志。④成骨诱导1周,脐血间充质干细胞可分化为成骨细胞,碱性磷酸酶染色呈阳性。结论:脐血中存在的单个核细胞经过改良培养后,可提高脐血间充质干细胞的培养成功率。脐血间充质干细胞具有与其他来源的单个核细胞类似的表型及成骨分化潜能,且易于体外扩增、传代稳定。     

Preimplantation diagnosis of non-deletion Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) by linkage polymerase chain reaction analysis

The use of preimplantation diagnosis for sex determination and detection of exon deletion means that unaffected babies can be born to parents suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, those who do not have exon deletion should also be considered for further investigation. A new method, known as linkage analysis, has been developed to diagnose the presence of non-deletion DMD in preimplantation embryos. Linkage analysis uses informative intragenic and flanking markers to track the chromosome bearing the mutated gene. The present study reports the analysis of two polymorphic sites, in blastomeres biopsied from embryos from a female carrier of DMD. A single male embryo was obtained who had inherited alternate maternal alleles to the woman's affected surviving son, and this embryo was transferred.      

缺血后处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的:观察缺血后处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法:实验于2006-02/05在首都医科大学附属朝阳医院心脏中心实验室完成。选择健康SD大鼠48只,随机数字表法分为3组:假手术组、缺血再灌注组和缺血后处理组,每组16只。制备大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型。缺血再灌注组,收紧结扎线缺血40min,放松结扎线再灌注240min;缺血后处理组,缺血40min后,再灌注10s,缺血10s,连续3个循环,然后再灌注239min;假手术组,开胸后穿线做套环,但不收紧结扎线。采用TUNEL技术检测心肌细胞凋亡率,同时测定血清肌酸激酶活性和心肌梗死范围。结果:纳入动物48只,均进入结果分析。①血清中肌酸激酶活性的测定:再灌注结束后缺血后处理组和缺血再灌注组肌酸激酶活性明显高于假手术组[分别为(13.54±1.50),(20.72±1.58),(2.90±0.28)μkat/L,P<0.01],缺血后处理组明显低于缺血再灌注组(P<0.01)。②心肌梗死范围:再灌注结束后缺血后处理组和缺血再灌注组心肌缺血区与左室面积比值无明显差异,缺血后处理组心肌坏死区与缺血区比值显著低于缺血再灌注组(分别为26.1±6.7,40.2±7.2,P<0.01)。③心肌凋亡细胞计数:再灌注结束后假手术组未见明显细胞凋亡(<5%),缺血后处理组心肌细胞凋亡率明显低于缺血再灌注组[分别为(12.5±2.9)%,(21.3±3.8)%,P<0.01]。结论:缺血后处理可减轻缺血再灌注损伤、其机制可能与减少心肌细胞凋亡有关。     

手术及经皮自体骨髓移植治疗骨延迟愈合和骨不连

观察手术及经皮自体骨髓移植治疗四肢骨折骨不连、骨延迟愈合的临床效果。选择1997-11/2004-02山东省聊城市第二人民医院应用经皮自体骨髓移植法治疗骨不连、骨延迟愈合的患者23例,患者均了解相关治疗目的、方法并同意治疗方案。①17例骨不连患者采用手术治疗。15例存在骨质缺损者在骨折端间隙及周围自体髂骨植骨10例,收集术中骨屑及骨髓原位植骨4例,异体植骨1例;2例单纯外固定架重新固定未植骨并行自体骨髓移植。术后2周抽取自体骨髓注入骨折部位,注射10～20mL/次,每2周1次,需注射2～4次。②6例骨延迟愈合患者仅行自体骨髓移植,未改变固定方式。术后定期随访,观察患者骨折愈合情况。骨折愈合标准:X射线片显示连续骨痂通过折线,骨折处无疼痛及压痛,能够全部负重。23例骨不连、骨延迟愈合患者全部进入结果分析,无脱落。23例患者术后平均随访12.5个月,其中随访7～9个月11例,10～12个月6例,13～15个月5例,16个月1例。23例患者均达到骨性愈合,愈合率100%,平均愈合时间为5.6个月。坚强固定加必要的植骨修复骨缺损是治疗骨折术后骨不连的基础和关键,自体骨髓具有成骨作用,可进一步促进骨折愈合。     

Preoperatively determinable factors predictive of diabetes mellitus remission following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a review of the literature

It is well established that weight loss in general and bariatric surgery in particular can improve glycaemic control in diabetics. Current NICE guidelines recommend that those patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a BMI of 35 kg/m² or more should be considered for bariatric surgery in order to optimise their glycaemic control and minimise their risk of long-term complications. The commonest bariatric procedure in the UK is the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass that has been shown to result in long-standing type 2 diabetes resolution in 83 % of patients. Since such surgery carries a small but significant risk of mortality, as well as posing considerable lifestyle implications for the patient, numerous studies have been performed with a view to identifying which patients and which procedures are most likely to result in these desired benefits. This paper summarises the existing literature on this topic.