体外循环心脏直视手术后肾功能衰竭危险因素分析

目的 探讨分析体外循环术后肾功能衰竭的相关危险因素。方法 根据术后有无肾功能异常，将60例体外循环心脏直视手术病人分为两组，对比分析了体外循环诸多因素与肾功能不全发生的相关性。结果 肾功能异常组在体外循环时间、低灌注发生率、升压药用量、输血量和血流动力学稳定性方面与正常组对照有显著差别。结论 心功能不全、体外循环时间长、围术期低血压、大量应用升压药和血制品以及术前高血压、糖尿病等因素是术后引发肾衰的主要相关因素。     

表皮生长因子受体和雄激素受体在前列腺增生及其前列腺癌组织中的表达

目的:前列腺增生症和前列腺癌病因未完全阐明,观察表皮生长因子受体和雄激素受体在前列腺增生和前列腺癌变病理组织中的表达情况,探讨两种受体在前列腺发病中的作用。方法:实验于2004-09/11在沈阳医学院病理教研室完成。选择中国医科大学手术切除并经病理证实的前列腺增生症标本45块,前列腺癌标本30块及正常前列腺组织标本中12块。应用免疫组织化学SP法检测标本组织中表皮生长因子受体和雄激素受体表达情况(表达强度为0～,>为强阳性,阳性表达强度高,为细胞分化率强)。结果:①前列腺增生和前列腺癌组织中表皮生长因子受体的阳性表达率明显高于正常组织(91%,87%,50%)。②前列腺癌中雄激素受体的表达率明显高于增生和正常组织(90%,71%,58%),而增生组织中雄激素受体强阳性率又明显高于正常组织(51%,8%)。③表皮生长因子受体与雄激素受体表达在正常组织中呈负相关(r=-0.706,P<0.05),增生组织中两者表达无相关(r=0.132,P>0.05),而癌变组织中两者表达呈正相关(r=0.578,P<0.01)。结论:在病理状态下,表皮生长因子受体与雄激素受体之间的关系没有减弱,而是进一步增加,并且其各自的强阳性率也均显著提高,表皮生长因子受体的这种超敏状态,在基质-上皮的相互作用中介导雄激素的生物学效应。表皮生长因子受体与雄激素受体之间这种相互作用的失衡对前列腺增生症和前列腺癌的发生起关键的作用。     

睡眠呼吸障碍儿童疾病特异性生存质量评价

目的评价睡眠呼吸障碍（sleep—disordered breathing）对儿童生存质量的影响,探讨扁桃体和腺样体切除术在改善睡眠呼吸障碍儿童生存质量中的作用。方法采用儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停疾病特异性生存质量调查表（OSA-18）评价168例睡眠呼吸障碍儿童扁桃体和腺样体切除术前后的生存质量,对62例同时进行多导睡眠监测者,分析呼吸暂停低通气指数、最低血氧饱和度与OSA-18评分的相关性。将50例无打鼾的健康儿童作为对照。结果手术组术前OSA-18评分（734-15）高于对照组（28±8）,差异有统计学意义（t=15．12,P〈0．01）;睡眠呼吸障碍对30．4％（51／168）患儿生存质量造成严重影响;手术前OSA-18评分与呼吸暂停低通气指数、最低血氧饱和度存在相关性;扁桃体和腺样体切除术后约73．8％（124／168）的患儿生存质量得到明显改善。结论睡眠呼吸障碍对儿童生存质量造成影响,扁桃体和腺样体切除术能够改善其生存质量;OSA-18评分与多导睡眠监测的客观指标之间存在相关性;OSA-18有助于儿童睡眠呼吸障碍的诊断并可对干预措施疗效进行量化评价。     

氨基胍与左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯在兔心脏骤停复苏中的比较

Objective To observe the changes of nitric oxide (NO) levels in plasma during cardiopul-monary resuscitation (CPR) and to compare the effects of aminoguanidine (AG) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on CPR. Method This was a prospective, randomized animal study performed at the Function Laboratory of Lanzhou University. Cardiac arrest was electrically induced and was left untreated for 5 min. After performing chest compression for 1 min, 40 domestic rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 10) to receive ei-ther 20 mg/kg AG, 25 mg/kg L-NAME, 0.02 mg/kg epinephrine or 2 ml saline placebo before defibrillation. Successfully resuscitated rabbits were observed for a further 4 h. Hernodynamics variables and cardiac functions were monitored with appropriate instrumentation. Arterial blood NO levels were examined at baseline, at the end of 1 min chest compression and at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after survival. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine statistical significance between groups. Results During chest compression, the mean + stan-dard deviation coronary perfusion pressure was higher in the AG group (40±10 mmHg) than in the L-NAME group (34±8 mmHg; P =0.001) and was higher in both groups with the control group (20±5 mmHg; both P =0.000). Left ventricular + dp/dtmax and- dp/dtmax were higher in the AG group than in the L-NAME group. In the surviving rabbits, the left ventricular + dp/dtmax and - dp/dtmax were higher in the AG and L-NAME groups than in the epinephrine and control groups and were higher in the AG group (4783±912, 4409±827 mmHg/s)than in the b-NAME group (3554±847, 3398±764 mmHg/s; P = 0.001 and 0.023, respectively). Conclu-sions Both AG and L-NAME increased the coronary perfusion pressure, and improved left ventricular systolic and diastolic function during CPR and prevented post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction. However, AG was signifi-canfly superior to L-NAME.     

氨基胍与左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯在兔心脏骤停复苏中的比较

Objective To observe the changes of nitric oxide (NO) levels in plasma during cardiopul-monary resuscitation (CPR) and to compare the effects of aminoguanidine (AG) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on CPR. Method This was a prospective, randomized animal study performed at the Function Laboratory of Lanzhou University. Cardiac arrest was electrically induced and was left untreated for 5 min. After performing chest compression for 1 min, 40 domestic rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 10) to receive ei-ther 20 mg/kg AG, 25 mg/kg L-NAME, 0.02 mg/kg epinephrine or 2 ml saline placebo before defibrillation. Successfully resuscitated rabbits were observed for a further 4 h. Hernodynamics variables and cardiac functions were monitored with appropriate instrumentation. Arterial blood NO levels were examined at baseline, at the end of 1 min chest compression and at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after survival. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine statistical significance between groups. Results During chest compression, the mean + stan-dard deviation coronary perfusion pressure was higher in the AG group (40±10 mmHg) than in the L-NAME group (34±8 mmHg; P =0.001) and was higher in both groups with the control group (20±5 mmHg; both P =0.000). Left ventricular + dp/dtmax and- dp/dtmax were higher in the AG group than in the L-NAME group. In the surviving rabbits, the left ventricular + dp/dtmax and - dp/dtmax were higher in the AG and L-NAME groups than in the epinephrine and control groups and were higher in the AG group (4783±912, 4409±827 mmHg/s)than in the b-NAME group (3554±847, 3398±764 mmHg/s; P = 0.001 and 0.023, respectively). Conclu-sions Both AG and L-NAME increased the coronary perfusion pressure, and improved left ventricular systolic and diastolic function during CPR and prevented post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction. However, AG was signifi-canfly superior to L-NAME.     

院内G-菌感染后全身炎症反应综合征的研究

目的 :研究院内下呼吸道革兰阴性 (G- )菌感染后全身炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)的特点 ,探讨有效治疗方法。方法 :从 1998年开始 ,采用前瞻性随机对照研究方法 ,共选 82例院内下呼吸道感染后 SIRS患者 ,按发病时间先后随机分为两组 ,观察组 4 2例 ,对照组 4 0例 ,进行痰细菌培养 +药物敏感试验。对照组采用常规治疗 ,观察组则给予大黄制剂口服并使用引发内毒素少的敏感抗生素治疗。比较两组中 G-菌感染后 SIRS患者在不同治疗后 SIRS的病程、多器官功能障碍综合征 (MODS)的发生率及患者的病死率 ,并进行统计学处理。结果 :观察组与对照组 SIRS的病程分别为 (6 .2± 1.3) d和 (7.4± 1.2 ) d,u=3.91,P<0 .0 5 ;观察组与对照组 MODS的发生率分别为 11.4 %和 32 .3% ,χ2 =4 .2 7,P<0 .0 5 ;观察组与对照组的病死率分别为 8.6 %和 2 9.0 % ,χ2 =5 .0 5 ,P<0 .0 5。结论 :大黄制剂联合释放内毒素少的敏感抗生素对院内下呼吸道 G- 菌感染后 SIRS的治疗较常规治疗病程缩短 ,可使 MODS的发生率及患者病死率均降低。     

透析用水残余氯过高的预防

介绍了血液透析用水中氯的存在状态以及残余氯的不同检测方法,分析了水处理后残余氯过高的原因,并提出了相应的处理方法,最后指出了清除残余氯是透析用水前处理工作的重中之重,为更好地预防透析用水残余氯过高提供了参考经验。     

连花清瘟联合西医常规治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎系统评价的再评价

目的 对连花清瘟联合西医常规治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)的系统评价/Meta分析进行再评价。方法 系统检索中国知网、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普(VIP)、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science数据库中有关连花清瘟联合西医常规治疗COVID-19的系统评价/Meta分析,检索时间截至2021年10月1日。由2名研究者根据纳入与排除标准筛选文献,确定最终纳入文献。使用AMSTAR-2量表、GRADE系统、PRISMA声明对文献进行方法学质量评价与证据质量分级。结果 共纳入10篇系统评价/Meta分析,包括中文6篇、英文4篇。质量评价和证据质量分级结果显示文献质量和证据等级较低。结论 现有证据显示连花清瘟联合西医常规治疗COVID-19具有较好的疗效,但鉴于系统评价/Meta分析的方法学质量及证据质量等级偏低,尚需开展更多高质量研究以获取高质量的研究结果去验证。     

链霉素缓释复合降解膜植入损伤肌腱局部腱周结缔组织的变化

背景：国内外学者曾用生物、非生物及药物等方法,诸如生物膜、透明质酸钠、纤维素密封胶等材料进行大量肌腱修复防粘连研究,但到目前为止尚未取得突破性进展。目的：观察肌腱损伤局部植入链霉素复合降解膜后腱周结缔组织的增生。方法：切断SD大鼠跟腱后,随机数字表法分为3组,分别在肌腱断端缝合处植入链霉素复合缓释降解膜、维生素C复合缓释降解膜、空白缓释降解膜。术后90d行肌腱损伤局部组织学观察、羟脯氨酸含量和生物力学指标检测。结果与结论：链霉素复合缓释降解膜组肌腱缝合处内部的成纤维细胞、胶原纤维均较其腱周围、维生素C复合缓释降解膜组、空白缓释降解膜组多;腱缝合处肌腱周围多为正常结构的疏松结缔组织,很少有增生的结缔组织长入肌腱内部;肌腱与周围组织分界清晰,最大抗拉强度、羟脯氨酸含量明显优于其他两组。表明链霉素复合缓释降解膜通过抑制腱周结缔组织增生,防止腱周结缔组织增生长入腱内,从而减轻或防止粘连形成。     

亚低温疗法对复苏后家兔心肌保护作用的实验研究

目的 明确亚低温疗法对复苏后家兔心功能不全的影响.方法 通过体外致颤法建立家兔心肺复苏模型,20只健康家兔随机分为常温复苏组(A 组,n=10)与亚低温复苏组(B组,n=10).常温复苏组在常温状态下行标准心肺复苏,整个实验过程中家兔体温维持在正常体温38.3℃～39.2℃;亚低温复苏组在常温下行标准心肺复苏至自主循环恢复(ROSC)后快速诱导亚低温,亚低温诱导采用从家兔耳缘静脉以1.0 ml/(kg·min)速度泵入4.0℃生理盐水,同时配合体表降温方法,约10～15 min 后降至目标温度32℃～34℃.动态观察左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室内压上升和下降最大速率(±dp/dt max)以及血清心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)浓度变化.结果 ①与致颤前相比,两组LVEDP值在复苏后各时间点均有不同程度升高,±dp/dt max值均有不同程度降低(均P<0.01),但B组LVEDP升高幅度及±dp/dt max下降幅度均小于A组(均P <0.05);②与致颤前比较,两组血清H-FABP值在复苏后各时间点明显上升(均P <0.01),但B组H-FABP值升高幅度明显小于A组(均P<0.05).结论 亚低温治疗能够减轻复苏后心肌损伤,改善家兔复苏后心功能不全,具有复苏后心肌保护作用.