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81.
In the community, acute hypoglycaemia is commonly caused by therapies for
diabetes mellitus or the excessive consumption of alcohol. Although most
episodes do not require admission to hospital, little information is
available on the causes and outcome of those that do. We retrospectively
surveyed adult patients admitted to a large urban teaching hospital with
acute hypoglycaemia in a 12-month period, identifying 56 admissions of 51
patients. Forty-one had diabetes mellitus, 33 (80%) of whom were receiving
treatment with insulin. The others had hypoglycaemia induced by excessive
consumption of alcohol or by deliberate self-poisoning with insulin. A
history of psychiatric illness and/or chronic alcoholism was common.
Neurological manifestations of hypoglycaemia were the principal reason for
admission, observed on 50 occasions (89%), and 11 events (20%) had
precipitated convulsions. Although many patients (59%) had received
treatment for hypoglycaemia before admission, hypoglycaemia recurred in 16%
of patients in hospital. Four patients (7%) died following admission, but
in only one case was this the direct result of hypoglycaemia. However,
within 15 months of the index hypoglycaemia event, a further six patients
(11%) had died, mostly of causes unrelated to hypoglycaemia. Patients who
require hospital admission for treatment of hypoglycaemia have a high
incidence of neurological manifestations, a high rate of mental illness and
other medical disorders, and may represent a high-risk subgroup with a poor
long-term prognosis.
相似文献
82.
目的:通过细胞形态学观察及生物学特性鉴定,建立一种经济实用的体外原代培养纯化新生鼠嗅鞘细胞的实验方法。方法:实验于2006-06在武汉理工大学完成。①阿糖胞苷(Sigma,批号w10562);胎牛血清(杭州四季青产品);胰蛋白酶(Amresco);多聚赖氨酸(Sigma);胶质纤维酸性蛋白,神经生长因子受体蛋白抗体(博士德)。②选取出生3d内的Wistar大鼠5只,乙醇浸泡后断头处死,取嗅球的最外两层,通过1.25g/L胰蛋白酶消化分离嗅鞘细胞,体外原代培养。③采用Nash差速贴壁 阿糖胞苷 胰酶法纯化嗅鞘细胞。培养18h后将未贴壁的细胞悬液转种于另一未涂层的器皿中,再培养36h,重复上述步骤移入0.1g/L多聚赖氨酸包被的塑料培养瓶中进行培养,纯化后的细胞在24h内陆续贴壁,常规培养2d,加入终浓度为2mg/L的阿糖胞苷,作用48h后,换上新的培养基,继续培养1d,弃去培养基,用无钙镁的Hanks液清洗2次,然后用1.25g/L的胰酶消化10min,待细胞突起回缩、胞体变圆时,立刻加入纯血清终止,其血清终浓度为20%,制备单细胞悬液。④倒置显微镜下观察其形态变化,苏木精-伊红染色,同时行神经生长因子受体蛋白和胶质纤维酸性蛋白免疫组化染色鉴定嗅鞘细胞,并计算嗅鞘细胞阳性百分率。结果:①活细胞形态观察:分离培养的嗅鞘细胞具有双极或多极突起,且突起细长,相互交织。②嗅鞘细胞的苏木精-伊红染色鉴定:细胞呈三角形或梭形,有长的突起,胞浆被染成粉红色,胞核呈蓝紫色,胞核内深染的为核仁,有1~3个核仁。③嗅鞘细胞的胶质纤维酸性蛋白免疫组化染色鉴定:细胞呈现棕黄色,胞核淡染,阳性细胞成网状连接,胞体多为三角形,有细长突起,阳性率91.5%。④嗅鞘细胞的P75免疫组化染色鉴定:阳性细胞呈绿色,多数细胞染色阳性,阳性率89%。结论:实验所采用的Nash差速贴壁 阿糖胞苷 胰酶法分离纯化培养嗅鞘细胞切实可行,为神经诱导修复材料的研究提供种子细胞。 相似文献
83.
Antibody responses to cytomegalovirus (CMV) after red cell (RBC) transfusion were studied in 84 seropositive surgery patients and 82 seropositive oncology patients. The surgery patients were randomized to receive RBCs stored either 3 to 8 or 20 to 42 days after donation. Of 38 patients receiving RBCs stored 8 days or less, 3 developed a rise in titer (4-fold increase) of IgG antibody to CMV 8 to 12 weeks after transfusion. This rate of response (8%) did not differ significantly (p = 0.23) from that (16%) in the 46 patients receiving RBCs stored 20 to 42 days. Seropositive oncology patients were randomized to receive RBCs from seronegative or random donors. Five (19%) of 27 oncology patients receiving seronegative RBCs and 13 (23%) of 55 patients receiving random RBCs (mean, 2 seropositive RBC units/patient) developed a rise in titer of antibody to CMV. No CMV morbidity occurred in either patient group. For both patient groups, a rise in titer of antibody to CMV was associated with the number of transfused RBC units. These results confirm that CMV-seronegative RBCs are unnecessary for infrequently transfused seropositive patients. They also suggest that multiple transfusions of stored RBCs are as immunosuppressive as multiple transfusions of RBCs used within a few days after donation. 相似文献
84.
Jayanta?Kumar?Patra Sudhir?Kumar?Sahoo Manas?Ranjan?SwainEmail author 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India. Section B.》2017,87(3):769-775
Aegle marmelos fruit, leaf and bark, are traditionally used for treatment of diabetes, liver toxicity, fungal infection, microbial infection, inflammation and pyrexia. In the present study, an attempt has been made to ferment the A. marmelos fruit juice and evaluate its nutritional and antioxidant potential as well as its sensory attributes. The nutritional potential of the fermented fruit juice showed an increased level of titratable acidity and lactic acid content of 1.7 g tartaric acid/L and 7.2 mg/L respectively. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity of the fermented fruit juice was found out to be 81.10, 34.44 and 33.33 % respectively at 15 µl/mL concentration. Principal component analysis (PCA) reduced five sensory attributes (aroma, color, flavor, taste and aftertaste) to three independent components, which accounted for a 79.265 % variance (PC1, 31.278 %; PC2, 27.288 %; PC3, 20.699 %). It is concluded that the fermented fruit juice is rich in antioxidants and can be potentially used as a medicinal drink with higher nutritional potential. 相似文献
85.
Direct identification of Yersinia enterocolitica in blood by polymerase chain reaction amplification 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Primers based on the nucleotide sequence of the virF gene in the pYV plasmid and the chromosomal ail gene were used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications to directly identify Yersinia enterocolitica in blood. Approximately 500 bacteria seeded into 100 microL of blood can be extracted and amplified by PCR to yield positive results. PCR analyses of seven Y. enterocolitica isolates previously implicated in blood contaminations showed that only one isolate harbored the plasmid-borne virF gene; however, all seven isolates were identified effectively by the PCR product amplified from the chromosomal gene. The PCR assay has the potential for use in the identification of Y. enterocolitica contamination in stored units of blood or in the rapid diagnosis of transfusion-related bacteremia caused by Y. 相似文献
86.
认知矫正治疗对慢性精神分裂症患者临床症状和社会功能的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:观察认知矫正治疗对慢性精神分裂症患者临床症状和社会功能的改善作用。方法:选择2003-01/08在北京回龙观医院住院的慢性精神分裂症患者104例。均符合CCMD-Ⅲ及DSM-Ⅳ关于精神分裂症诊断标准;年龄25~55岁;病程≥2年;病情稳定,处于迁延、残留或部分缓解状态;药物治疗状况稳定,近期无换药打算;纳入对象或家属同意入组并签署知情同意书。应用随机数字表法将患者分认知矫正治疗组和对照组,每组52例。在相近药物治疗的基础上,认知矫正治疗组以Ann Delahunty和Rodney Morice等制定的神经认知矫正手册(汉化)为治疗工具,在治疗师的指导下进行认知作业练习,内容包括认知灵活性、工作记忆、计划执行功能3大功能模块。对照组予以相同时间的工娱治疗,主要包括有治疗师指导的操作性音乐治疗和舞蹈治疗。治疗前后两组患者分别进行PANSS、住院精神患者社会功能缺陷量表和护士观察量表的评定。结果:实验共纳入慢性精神分裂症患者104例,认知矫正治疗组44例,对照组46例进入结果分析,14例脱落。①治疗前后两组患者PANSS量表总分以及阴性症状量表、复合量表、一般精神病理量表、反应缺乏量表4个分量表的评分均有下降,组内比较差异有显著性意义(t=2.12~4.59,P<0.05);减分情况在两组间差异不明显(P>0.05)。②两组患者的社会功能缺陷量表总分在治疗后均有下降,与治疗前比较,差异有显著性意义(t=3.89,2.04,P<0.05);两组间比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。认知矫正治疗组治疗后护士观察量表的总病情以及总消极、迟滞2个分量表评分下降,与治疗前比较差异有显著性意义(t=1.49,1.19,2.81,P<0.05);其中迟滞项的减分在两组间比较,差异具有显著性意义(F=4.97,P<0.05)。③社会功能量表的改善与词语流畅性的改善呈正相关(R2=0.36,P<0.05),护士观察量表中总病情与积极两项评分的改善也与言语流畅性测验的改善正相关(R2=0.37,0.34,P<0.05)。结论:认知矫正治疗能在一定程度上改善精神分裂症患者的社会功能,并与部分认知功能的改善相关,但对临床症状无明显改善作用。 相似文献
87.
Rajiv Rakshit A. K. Patra T. J. Purakayastha R. D. Singh H. Pathak Shiva Dhar 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India. Section B.》2016,86(1):159-164
Deficiency of wheat grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) is common nutritional problem in the developing countries and thus increasing their concentrations is a major challenge. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (100–200 % NPK) and foliar Fe application (3 % FeSO4.7H2O at 40, 60, and 75 days after sowing) on improving Fe and Zn concentrations in grain and molar ratio of phosphorus/iron (P/Fe) and phosphorus/zinc (P/Zn). Data obtained during the two year (2010–2011 and 2011–2012) field experiment reveals that foliar Fe spray along with fertilizer NPK significantly increased the grain Fe concentration by 6–15 %; whereas a sharp decrease in the grain Zn concentration under super optimal fertilization is attributed to the depressive effect of excessive phosphorus in the treatments. Molar ratio of P/Fe in wheat grains signifies the increased bioavailability of Fe in wheat grains but P/Zn increase under super-optimal NPK application calls for P management to correct the reduced level of Zn in wheat grains. 相似文献
88.
Koh Y Nakata H Maeda K Ogata H Bilcer G Devasamudram T Kincaid JF Boross P Wang YF Tie Y Volarath P Gaddis L Harrison RW Weber IT Ghosh AK Mitsuya H 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》2003,47(10):3123-3129
We designed, synthesized, and identified UIC-94017 (TMC114), a novel nonpeptidic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor (PI) containing a 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane (bis-THF) and a sulfonamide isostere which is extremely potent against laboratory HIV-1 strains and primary clinical isolates (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)], approximately 0.003 micro M; IC(90), approximately 0.009 micro M) with minimal cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration for CD4(+) MT-2 cells, 74 micro M). UIC-94017 blocked the infectivity and replication of each of HIV-1(NL4-3) variants exposed to and selected for resistance to saquinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, or ritonavir at concentrations up to 5 micro M (IC(50)s, 0.003 to 0.029 micro M), although it was less active against HIV-1(NL4-3) variants selected for resistance to amprenavir (IC(50), 0.22 micro M). UIC-94017 was also potent against multi-PI-resistant clinical HIV-1 variants isolated from patients who had no response to existing antiviral regimens after having received a variety of antiviral agents. Structural analyses revealed that the close contact of UIC-94017 with the main chains of the protease active-site amino acids (Asp-29 and Asp-30) is important for its potency and wide spectrum of activity against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants. Considering the favorable pharmacokinetics of UIC-94017 when administered with ritonavir, the present data warrant that UIC-94017 be further developed as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of primary and multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 infections. 相似文献
89.
Maria HBM Lopes PhD Carlos AL D'Ancona PhD Neli RS Ortega PhD Paulo SP Silveira PhD Anna C Faleiros‐Martins PhD Heimar F Marin PhD 《International Journal of Urological Nursing》2016,10(3):146-153
Lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTD) restrict quality of life, resulting in decreased work productivity and emotional well‐being. However, most people are not diagnosed because they do not seek medical treatment. In addition, some facilities do not adequately train health professionals in the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. The study's objective was to develop a decision support system modelled on fuzzy logic that defines LUTD using the terminology of the International Continence Society. This methodological study aimed to develop a model that uses the maximum–minimum composition (max–min) of fuzzy relations that can perform differential diagnoses of LUTD. The model was tested in 100 cases (50 men and 50 women), and the data were obtained from medical records containing the clinical data and results of urodynamic studies. All medical records were reviewed by a specialist in urology. The model was capable of determining a diagnosis in full (62%) or partial (36%) agreement with the medical report. Agreement between the model and the medical report was excellent (kappa = 0·98, p ? 0·001, CI = 0·88–1) or substantial (kappa = 0·53, p ? 0·001, CI = 0·45–0·60), considering overestimative accordance (where accordance is assumed when at least one diagnosis is equal) and underestimative accordance (where accordance is assumed when all diagnoses are equal), respectively. The proposed model based on the max–min composition of fuzzy relationships is very simple and performed well. However, more tests are recommended before the model is used as a decision support system. 相似文献
90.