成分输血对慢性贫血患者临床症状及血红蛋白和红细胞水平的影响

目的探讨成分输血对慢性贫血患者临床症状以及血红蛋白、红细胞水平的改善作用。方法以随机数字法将80例慢性贫血患者分为2组,每组40例。对照组给予全血治疗,观察组给予成分输血治疗。治疗前后,检测患者血液学相关指标[红细胞(RBC)平均值、血红蛋白(Hb)平均值和血细胞比容(HCT)]。并统计输血情况相关指标[平均输血量和每次输血间隔时间]、治疗效果和不良反应。结果治疗后,观察组平均输血量为(589.73±48.54)m L明显低于对照组的(986.48±65.43)m L(P0.05);观察组每次输血间隔时间为(38.64±5.83)d明显高于对照组的(30.39±4.35)d(P0.05)。治疗后,两组RBC、Hb、及HCT水平均明显升高(P0.05),且观察组RBC、Hb、及HCT水平分别为(3.58±0.32)×1012/L、(81.82±4.92)g/L、(0.42±0.08)L/L明显高于对照组的(3.03±0.36)×1012/L、(73.27±4.52)g/L、(0.35±0.04)L/L,均差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率为90.0%,显著高于对照组77.5%(P0.05)。观察组不良反应总发生率为10.0%,显著低于对照组35.0%(P0.05)。结论成分输血比全血治疗更能显著改善慢性贫血患者的血红蛋白、红细胞水平和临床症状,不良反应更少。     

Structure-cardiovascular activity relationships of parathyroid hormone.

The effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogues on isolated rat tail arteries and frog arteries and heart were examined. Synthetic bovine PTH fragment 1 to 34 [bPTH-(1-34)], porcine PTH-(1-34), [Ala1] pPTH-(1-34), and [Nle8] pPTH-(1-34) were tested for vasorelaxant activity on helical strips of the rat tail artery and the frog iliac and femoral artery, preconstricted with arginine vasopressin or arginine vasotocin in the rat and the frog, respectively. For cardiac activity, PTH analogues were administered to isolated frog atria, and atrial rate and atrial tension (AT) were measured. The N-terminal amino acid alanine appears to be pivotal for vasorelaxant activity of PTH molecules on the rat tail artery strips. Data from the frog preparations supported the finding in the rat, although the iliac and femoral arterial preparations differed in their responses. The N-terminal serine in pPTH-(1-34), compared with the other PTH analogues, appeared to be responsible for different cardiac responses, being negatively chronotropic and without effect on AT.     

VEGF反义寡核苷酸对胆囊癌细胞VEGF,Flt-1及KDRmRNA表达和VEGF蛋白分泌的影响

目的:体外研究Oligofectamine介导的VEGF反义寡核苷酸(antisense oligodeoxynucleotide,ASODN)转染对人胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞VEGF,Flt-1及KDR mRNA表达和VEGF蛋白分泌的影响.方法:运用Oligofectamine介导的VEGF反义寡核苷酸(ASODN)和错义寡核苷酸(Scrambled Oligodeoxynucleotide,SODN)转染人胆囊癌细胞GBC-SD,半定量RT-PCR检测转染后各组细胞不同时间的VEGF,Flt-1及KDR mRNA表达变化,ELISA测定转染后各组细胞培养上清液VEGF蛋白浓度.结果:半定量RT-PCR发现ASODN组及ASODN Oligofectamine组24,48,72,96 h VEGF(ASODN组VEGF165:0.686±0.033,0.569±0.049,0.489±0.036,0.716±0.017;ASODN组VEGF121:0.462±0.046,0.338±0.034,0.219±0.022,0.471±0.038;ASODN Oligofectamine组VEGF165:0.601±0.021,0.465±0.042,0.416±0.023,0.662±0.035:ASODN Oligofectamine组VEGF121:0.408±0.014,0.286±0.019,0.157±0.021,0.418±0.037)、Flt-1(ASODN组:0.694±0.019,0.562±0.045,0.435±0.042,0.724±0.026;ASODN Oligofectamine组:0.609±0.018,0.442±0.049,0.314±0.015,0.614±0.029)及KDR(ASODN组:0.667±0.063,0.490±0.033,0.301±0.029,0.665±0.068;ASODN Oligofectamine组:0.523±0.048,0.432±0.027,0.218±0.036,0.524±0.037) mRNA的表达显著低于Control组(P<0.05),且ASODN Oligofectamine的抑制作用比ASODN强(P>0.05).ELISA测定结果显示ASODN组(281.26±18.62,526.44±34.95,791.13±20.99)及ASODN Oligofectamine组(250.7±14.57,506.09±19.14,711.79±19.91)24,48,72 h VEGF蛋白的分泌浓度均显著低于Control组(394.23±16.26,711.6±26.21,933.85±28.65)(P<0.05),且ASODN Oligofectamine的抑制作用比ASODN强(P>0.05).结论:Oligofectamine介导的VEGF ASODN能抑制GBC-SD细胞VEGF,Flt-1及KDR mRNA表达和VEGF蛋白分泌.     

阿苯达唑对华支睾吸虫体壁和肠管超微结构的影响

阿苯达唑对实验大鼠体内华支睾吸虫体壁和肠管影响的超微结构观察结果表明,该药对虫体皮层和肠绒毛,在给药1h即出现皮层突起肿胀、粘连和肠绒毛肿胀,其内的点线模糊不清。给药24h损害已相当严重,皮层突起出现坏死、崩溃,部分肠绒毛溶解、坏死。而且皮层和肠管损害的发生发展过程是同步的。可以认为阿苯达唑是通过对皮层和肠管的双重损害,进而影响其生理机能,使虫体死亡的。     

神经肽Y在免疫和溃疡性结肠炎发病中的作用

溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)的病因及发病机制目前尚不明确,但免疫异常已被公认是其发病的主要因素之一.近年,不少研究表明神经肽Y(neuropeptide Y,NPY)在免疫系统中起着重要作用.因此,推测NPY在UC的发生发展中可能也起着重要作用,本文就目前NPY与免疫和UC的研究现状作一简要评述.     

Vocal cords-carina distance in anaesthetised Caucasian adults and its clinical implications for tracheal intubation

Previous work has assessed vocal cords-carina distance in Chinese patients and compared it to commonly used tracheal tubes. In addition, an attempt was made to identify surface anatomy measurements with short tracheas. We have examined the length of tracheas in Caucasian patients and compared it with currently used tracheal tubes. We have investigated a wider range of surface anatomy measurements in an attempt to correlate measurements with vocal cords-carina distance and identifying patients who may be at risk of endobronchial intubation. In this study, the vocal cords-carina distance was measured in 150 anaesthetised Caucasian patients with a fibreoptic bronchoscope. We also attempted to correlate height and various surface anatomy measurements on the patients' chest, neck and limb regions to predict those patients at risk of endobronchial intubation. The mean vocal cords-carina distance was 12.7 cm (standard deviation 1.6 cm). The best predictors in our study of vocal cords-carina distance less than 11.3 cm were a height of < or = 182 cm, an ulnar length of < or = 31.2 cm or a thyroid to xiphisternum distance of < or = 31.8 cm. This correlation is poor however and prediction of vocal cords-carina distance remains difficult clinically. It was therefore concluded that surface anatomy measurements are a poor predictor of vocal cords-carina distance.     

专科护生对临床带教教师教学行为的评价

目的比较专科护生实习前对临床带教教师教学行为的理想评价及其实习后的实际评价。方法采用临床带教教师有效教学行为问卷(NCTEI)对191名二年级专科护生于实习前后进行调查。结果实习前护生对NCTEI5个维度的理想评价从高到低排序为教学能力4.27±0.66、评价4.24±0.67、人际关系4.21±0.70、护理能力4.13±0.65、个性特征4.05±0.71,实习后其实际评价从高到低排序为个性特征4.02±0.19、教学能力4.01±0.15、人际关系4.01±0.23、评价3.98±0.06、护理能力3.93±0.23,除个性特征外,其余4个方面的理想评价显著高于实际评价得分(P0.05,P0.01)。前10位教学行为中仅有1项教学行为,护生的理想评价与实际评价之间没有差异(P0.05);后10位教学行为中有1项教学行为,护生的理想评价与实际评价之间有差异(P0.01)。结论临床带教教师的有效教学行为总体得到专科护生的认可,但与护生期望值仍存在差距,应建立健全临床教学相关制度或机制,以进一步改善临床带教教师的教学行为。     

Combination of sildenafil and simvastatin ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats

Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, and simvastatin, a cholesterol lowering drug, both have therapeutic effects on PAH; however, the combination of these drugs has not been tested in the treatment of PAH. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the combination of sildenafil and simvastatin is superior to each drug alone in the prevention of MCT-induced PAH. Phosphorylated Smad levels were decreased in lung tissue in MCT-injected rats, whereas ERK protein levels were increased. This indicates a possible role for an increase in mitogenic ERK activity in addition to decreased proapoptotic Smad signaling in the MCT model of PAH. Combination sildenafil and simvastatin treatment prevented the MCT-induced increases in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), exerted an anti-proliferative effect on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Our results indicate that combination therapy with sildenafil and simvastatin attenuated the development of pulmonary hypertension more than either treatment alone.