振幅整合脑电图特征与癫痫儿童神经预后的相关性分析

目的 分析振幅整合脑电图（aEEG）特征与癫痫儿童神经预后的相关性。方法 选取2019年1月—2021年7月海南省妇女儿童医学中心儿童神经内科收治的127例癫痫儿童,按1年后神经系统发育结局分为异常组与正常组。收集两组临床资料,并于治疗前后分别行aEEG监测,观察其图形连续性（Co）、下界振幅（LB）、睡眠周期（Cy）、宽带（B）表现;采用多因素一般Logistic回归模型分析患儿神经发育结局的影响因素,Pearson法分析aEEG各指标与神经发育结局的相关性,绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析aEEG监测评分对患儿神经发育结局的预测价值。结果 经aEEG监测结果显示,治疗1年后神经系统发育正常患儿86例,异常患儿41例。两组治疗前后Co、LB、Cy、B评分及总分（T）的差值比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,正常组Co、LB、Cy、B、T评分高于异常组。多因素一般Logistic回归分析结果显示,Co评分[■=1.619(95%CI:1.255,2.123)]、Cy评分[■=1.461(95%CI:1.087,1.911)]、T评分■[=1.548(95%CI:1.17...     

Portulaca oleracea alleviates CCl4-induced acute liver injury by regulating hepatic S100A8 and S100A9

Objective: Acute liver injury (ALF) is a potential factor of many serious hepatopathies. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a possible environmental toxicant that can induce ALF. Portulaca oleracea (PO) is one of the most popular edible herbs and has several biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory effects. We explored the significance of PO in regulating inflammatory function in animal models and cultured hepatocytes during liver damage caused by CCl4.Methods: The effect of PO on ALF was evaluated by CCl4-induced mice models in vivo. Hepatic levels of transaminase activities and inflammatory factors were examined. The gene and protein expression of S100A8 and S100A9 were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Meanwhile, the efficacy of PO was certified by HepG2 cells in vitro. The transaminase activities, inflammatory factors, and the protein expression of S100A8 and S100A9 were also detected. Results: Animal tests showed that pretreatment with PO reduced the liver pathological tissue damage and the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALT and LDH, as well as reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) secretion in CCl4-induced liver injury mice. Simultaneously, HepG2 cells pretreated with PO exhibited a significant decrease in the activities of ALT and AST. Moreover, PO resulted in a significant downregulation of the pro-inflammatory markers S100A8, S100A9 gene and protein expression on CCl4 induced acute liver injury was demonstrated entirely in vivo and vitro experiments. Conclusion: PO may down-regulate S100A8 and S100A9 and inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines'' release, indicating a potential clinical effect for controlling the disease.     

Vitamin E in the management of pancreatic cancer: A scoping review

Pancreatic cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Research investigating effective management strategies for pancreatic cancer is ongoing. Vitamin E, consisting of both tocopherol and tocotrienol, has demonstrated debatable effects on pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, this scoping review aims to summarize the effects of vitamin E on pancreatic cancer. In October 2022, a literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus since their inception. Original studies on the effects of vitamin E on pancreatic cancer, including cell cultures, animal models and human clinical trials, were considered for this review. The literature search found 75 articles on this topic, but only 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. The available evidence showed that vitamin E modulated proliferation, cell death, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation in pancreatic cancer cells. However, the safety and bioavailability concerns remain to be answered with more extensive preclinical and clinical studies. More in-depth analysis is necessary to investigate further the role of vitamin E in the management of pancreatic cancers.     

Venous dilator effect of apelin,an endogenous peptide ligand for the orphan APJ receptor,in conscious rats

Apelin is an endogenous depressor peptide for the G protein-coupled APJ receptor. Our hypothesis is that apelin is a venodilator, and it reduces mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP; index of venous tone). Dose–response curves of apelin (10, 20 and 40 nmol/kg) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) were constructed in two groups each of conscious, unrestrained rats: unblocked rats and rats pretreated with mecamylamine (Mec; ganglionic blocker) and noradrenaline (NA; to restore vascular tone). The vehicle had no effects in the unblocked or ganglionic-blocked rats. Apelin decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and increased heart rate (HR), but it did not alter mean circulatory filling pressure in the unblocked rats. In the ganglionic-blocked rats, apelin did not alter heart rate but decreased mean arterial pressure and mean circulatory filling pressure. These results show that apelin is an arterial and venous dilator in vivo. The depressor effect of apelin is accompanied by tachycardia which is abolished by ganglion blockade.     

中国成年双生子饮茶行为分布特征

目的 描述中国双生子登记系统（CNTR）成年双生子饮茶行为的分布特征,探索饮茶行为在双生子人群中的分布规律,为探究遗传和环境因素对饮茶行为的影响提供线索。方法 样本选自2010-2018年在CNTR进行登记的双生子,纳入≥18岁且具有饮茶信息的双生子共25 264对进行分析,描述双生子中饮茶行为的人群、地区分布特征,以及不同卵型双生子饮茶行为一致率和对内饮茶量差异分布情况。结果 研究对象年龄（35.38±12.45）岁,每周饮茶者占比17.0%,饮茶量（3.36±2.44）杯/d。男性、50~59岁、南方、城镇、文化程度高、双生子中先出生的个体中每周饮茶者比例较高（P<0.05）,未婚者中比例较低（P<0.001）。双生子对内分析发现同卵饮茶行为一致率均大于异卵,饮茶遗传度为13.45%（11.38%~15.51%）,除女性亚组外,不同性别、年龄、地区间饮茶一致率差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;根据性别、年龄、地区分层后仅男性同卵一致率始终呈大于异卵趋势。同性别双生子对内饮茶量差异在男性中呈现同卵小于异卵的特征（P<0.05）,而女性中差异不明显。结论 本研究双生子人群饮茶行为的分布存在人群和地区差异,饮茶行为主要受环境因素影响,遗传因素影响较弱,且遗传效应大小在不同性别、年龄、地区间不尽相同,性别可修饰这一遗传作用。     

代谢组学在心血管代谢疾病病因研究中的应用进展

代谢组学是采用高通量组学技术对所有代谢物进行鉴定和定量的生命科学研究, 近年来在心血管代谢疾病的病因研究中得到广泛应用。作为系统流行病学的一个重要组成部分, 代谢组学从代谢改变的视角提供了病因探索的新思路。代谢组学的研究问题包括分析代谢物与心血管代谢疾病的关联、发现新型生物标志物和构建疾病风险预测模型等。本文从物质类别出发详细介绍代谢组学在2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、高血压和亚临床动脉粥样硬化病因研究中的应用进展, 并提出展望。     

Ductal carcinoma in situ – update on risk assessment and management

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for ~20–25% of breast cancers. While DCIS is not life‐threatening, it may progress to invasive carcinoma over time, and treatment intended to prevent invasive progression may itself cause significant morbidity. Accurate risk assessment is therefore necessary to avoid over‐ or undertreatment of an individual patient. In this review we will outline the evidence for current management of DCIS, discuss approaches to DCIS risk assessment and challenges facing identification of novel DCIS biomarkers.     

164例骨科住院患者神经内科术前评估会诊病例分析

目的通过分析综合性医院骨科住院患者神经内科术前评估会诊的临床资料,探讨神经内科术前评估会诊骨科患者的意义。方法统计2011年5月1日至2012年4月30日神经内科术前评估会诊的骨科住院患者的临床资料。对申请会诊的骨科住院患者的一般情况、疾病诊断以及术前评估会诊内容、预后等进行统计分析。结果术前评估会诊患者共164例,男78例,女86例,年龄24～89（60．2±12.3）岁。脊柱骨科（37.8％,62／164）、创伤骨科（31．1％,51／164）及矫形骨科（23．2％,38／164）申请会诊数量最多。术前评估会诊种类：脑梗死101例（61．6％,101／164）最常见,其次为脑出血后遗症15例（9．1％,15／164）及帕金森病14例（8．5％,14／164）等。神经内科术前评估会诊意见包括：（1）指导患者围手术期用药,包括脑血管病、帕金森病、癫痫及其他神经系统疾病。（2）评估骨科术后脑梗死的风险,评价脑血管狭窄程度及侧支循环。（3）会诊需要检查的内容以经颅多普勒[52．4％（86／164）]、颈部血管超声[44．5％（73,164）]及头颅CT[37．8％（62／164）]最常见。（4）共取消手术8例。经术前会诊的患者仅有3例（2例老年痴呆患者,1例帕金森病患者）术后出现神经系统并发症。结论神经内科术前评估会诊骨科患者有利于降低其脑卒中风险,改善患者临床预后,避免出现神经系统并发症。     

参龙煎剂对博来霉素致肺纤维化大鼠肺组织基质金属蛋白酶2与金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1表达的影响

目的：观察博来霉素致肺纤维化大鼠肺组织中基质金属蛋白酶2（matrixmetalloproteinase-2,MMP-2）和金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1（tissue inhibitor of metallo proteinase-1,TIMP-1）mRNA的表达,探讨中药复方参龙煎剂防治大鼠肺纤维化的作用机制。方法：230只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、泼尼松组和参龙煎剂低、中、高剂量组,采用气管内注入博来霉素的方法建立Wistar大鼠肺纤维化模型。正常对照组和模型组大鼠第2日起每日予生理盐水灌胃,其余各组大鼠按配好的参龙煎剂以等容药品灌胃。苏木素-伊红染色和Masson染色观察不同时间点大鼠肺组织病理变化,以评价模型是否成功。逆转录聚合酶链反应检测大鼠肺组织MMP-2和TIMP-1mRNA的表达水平。结果：各组大鼠肺组织在各个时间点均有MMP-2和TIMP-1mRNA表达。与正常对照组大鼠比较,模型组大鼠在第7天时MMP-2和TIMP-1mRNA基因转录水平均显著增高,尤以MMP-2mRNA增加明显,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;在第14天时,MMP-2和TIMP-1mRNA的基因转录表达继续增高,但TIMP-1mRNA增加更显著,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;第28天时,MMP-2已有所下降,但TIMP-1mRNA表达仍持续性增高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。与模型组大鼠比较,治疗组大鼠第7天MMP-2和TIMP-1mRNA基因转录水平降低,尤其是MMP-2的表达降低更明显,第28天时这种降低作用仍持续存在,以参龙煎剂中剂量组大鼠表现最明显,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：参龙煎剂可能是通过上调TIMP-1mRNA的表达来抑制MMP-2mRNA表达水平,从而起到延缓肺纤维化的作用。