单药卡培他滨治疗蒽环类药物化疗后复发转移性乳腺癌的临床观察

目的观察单药卡培他滨对蒽环类药物化疗后复发转移性乳腺癌的作用。方法23例复发转移性乳腺癌患者，均经过蒽环类药物治疗后出现疾病进展，给予单药卡培他滨2000mg／（m^2·d），分两次口服，连服2周，3周为1个周期。至少2个周期后评价疗效。结果本组化疗均数为4个周期。CR0例，PR6例，SD13例，PD4例，有效率26．1％，疾病控制率（CR＋PR＋SD）为82．6％（19／23），常见不良反应为手足综合征（65．2％）、皮肤色素沉着（52．7％）、恶心呕吐（43．5％）、腹泻34．8％，1例出现3～4级严重腹泻而住院治疗。结论单药卡培他滨对蒽环类药物化疗后复发转移性乳腺癌仍有一定的疗效，耐受性好。     

优化卫生资源配置推进军队疗养院持续发展

近几年，为改善军队疗养院环境条件，提高疗养服务质量，上级做了较大投入。虽然外生性资源有了增加，但因自补能力弱化，疗养院内卫生资源匮乏情况改观不大，其生存发展也不容乐观。如何拓宽资源增长渠道，优化配置与管理现有资源，提高现有卫生资源的使用和经济效益，是大家都在探索的问题。     

Combined Preoperative ALBI and FIB-4 Is Associated with Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Hepatectomy

Background and Purpose

Chronic inflammatory response is a risk factor for hepatocarcinogenesis and recurrence. This study aimed to develop a nomogram incorporating the combined albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores and the peritumoral inflammation score (PIS) to predict postoperative recurrence-free survival (RFS) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

The prognostic roles of preoperative ALBI and FIB-4 scores for HCC recurrence were investigated, and a nomogram was developed. The predictive ability of the nomogram was compared with the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging systems for HCC. Necroinflammatory activity in the peritumoral liver tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.

Results

Combined ALBI and FIB-4 was associated with PIS in the training and validation cohorts (r?=?0.342 and 0.473, both P?<?0.001), and all of the scores exhibited predictive value for RFS of HCC. The independent predictive factors of RFS such as AFP, tumor number, tumor size, microvascular invasion, PIS, and combined ALBI and FIB-4 were included in the corresponding nomogram. In the training cohort, the C-index of the RFS nomogram was 0.722. ROC analyses showed that the RFS nomogram had a larger AUC (0.739) than the AJCC and BCLC staging systems. These results were verified by the validation cohort.

Conclusions

The proposed nomogram incorporating PIS and combined ALBI and FIB-4 was associated with recurrence for HCC following curative hepatectomy.

     

Portomesenteric vein thrombosis in sleeve gastrectomy: a 10-year review

Background

Worldwide, the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is becoming the dominant bariatric procedure due to its reliable weight loss and low complication rate. Portomesenteric vein thrombosis (PVT) is an uncommon complication of LSG with an incidence of .3% to 1% and can lead to serious consequences, such as bowel ischemia and death.

中国汉族人群家族性前列腺癌的初步研究

目的:以中国汉族人群为研究对象,估计家族性前列腺癌的发病率,分析家族史对于前列腺癌发生的作用及家族性前列腺癌的临床和病理学特点。方法:回顾性分析我院2014年7月～2016年7月行穿刺并证实为前列腺癌的598例患者的一级亲属前列腺癌家族史。采取病例对照研究分析前列腺癌家族史对于前列腺癌发生的作用,病例组选择年龄56～79岁的495例前列腺癌患者,对照组选择同期接受穿刺且结果为前列腺增生的患者,匹配条件为年龄、民族(汉)和居住地相同。通过比较两组发病年龄、BMI、确诊时的PSA中位数、肿瘤分期、Gleason评分、D’Amico危险因素分级和首要治疗方式,来探究家族性前列腺癌患者和散发性前列腺癌患者临床病理学特点的差异。结果:年龄56～79岁且具有前列腺肿瘤家族史的患者,其前列腺癌发病率显著高于同年龄无前列腺癌家族史的人群(RR=3.0,P=0.010)。598例在我院穿刺并确诊为前列腺癌的患者中,有25例(4.2%)是家族性前列腺癌患者。和散发性前列腺癌患者相比,家族性前列腺癌患者中分级属低或中度危险分级的比例更高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),并且家族性前列腺癌患者更愿意接受根治手术作为其首要治疗方式(P<0.05)。结论:在中国,家族性前列腺癌发生率远低于西方国家。前列腺癌家族史显著增加中国男性前列腺癌的发病风险。家族性与散发性前列腺癌之间并无显著的临床及病理学差异,但家族性前列腺癌患者更愿意接受根治手术作为首要的治疗方式。     

Considerations for Comprehensive Assessment of Genetic Predisposition in Familial Breast Cancer

About 10–15% of breast cancer cases are family related, classified as familial breast cancer. The disease was first reported in 1866 and determined to be an autosomal dominant genetic disease in 1971. Germline mutations in BRCA1 were discovered and deemed as the first genetic predisposition for the disease in 1994. By now, genetic predispositions for about 40% of familial breast cancer families have been identified. New molecular genetic approaches currently under development should accelerate the process to identify the full spectrum of genetic predispositions for the disease, thereby enabling a better understanding of the genetic basis of the disease and therein providing benefit to high‐risk patients.     

膝关节镜下中心成形联合边缘稳定术治疗外侧盘状半月板损伤

目的探讨关节镜下中心成形联合边缘稳定术治疗外侧盘状半月板损伤的疗效。方法收集自2009-01—2013-08诊治的盘状半月板损伤68例(72膝),经MRI和关节镜下确诊后,随机分成2组。A组给予保留边缘6~8 mm成形联合半月板稳定术,进行体部、肌腱裂口周围垂直缝合固定,前、后角经胫骨骨道固定;B组行盘状半月板全切或次全切除术。观察2组术后3、6、12膝关节功能Lysholm评分,术后12个月MRI半月板板台比。结果 A组34例获得随访,B组34例获得随访,随访时间平均12.3(12~14)个月。患者术后关节活动度恢复满意,关节交锁及弹响症状消失,无再撕裂或因症状复发需要二次手术者。2组术后3、6个月Lysholm评分差异无统计学意义(t=1.826,P=0.077;t=0.442,P=0.661);术后12个月A组Lysholm评分较B组高,差异有统计学意义(t=3.718,P=0.001)。A组术后12个月MRI半月板板台比为(9.2±2.6)%,B组为(5.0±2.7)%,A组残存半月板板台比较B组高,差异有统计学意义(t=3.475,P=0.001);但比同侧正常的(12.3%)低。结论对于不稳定盘状软骨损伤,在半月板成形的基础上,给予周边缝合固定及前后角重建固定,能最大程度地保留外侧半月板周缘并保持其稳定性,具有良好的短期疗效。