脑动脉狭窄介入治疗的最新进展

脑动脉粥样硬化性狭窄是缺血性脑卒中的主要病因之一,而目前血管内介入治疗是脑动脉狭窄的重要治疗方法之一,并取得了良好的疗效.对脑动脉狭窄介入治疗的最新进展作一综述.     

蛹虫草中4种核苷的含量分析

目的建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定蛹虫草中4种核苷类物质含量的方法 ,为蛹虫草的开发利用及其产品的指纹图谱提供依据。方法采用Agilent C18色谱柱;以甲醇-水为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 ml/min,检测波长为260 nm,柱温为30℃。结果样品中尿苷、鸟苷、腺苷和虫草素的加标回收率分别为94.10%、92.23%、94.97%、103.23%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.75%、5.40%、1.09%、0.30%。结论该法能简单、快速、准确地测定酶解液中4种核苷的含量。     

大手术后MODS患者血清sgp130/IL-6比值变化及意义

目的探讨大手术后MODS患者血清可溶性糖蛋白130(sgp130)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)比值的变化及临床意义。方法将56例大手术后MODS患者按MODS评分(Marshall标准)[1]分为轻、中、重三组,再采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测各组患者和30例健康体检者(对照组)血清sgp130、IL-6的水平以及sgp130/IL-6比值,并观察各组sgp130/IL-6比值间的关系。结果三组MODS患者sgp130、IL-6的水平均明显升高,与健康对照组比较差异有显著性(P0.01),并且sgp130、IL-6的水平有随MODS严重程度增加而逐渐升高;三组MODS患者sgp130/IL-6比值均明显降低,与健康对照组比较差异有显著性(P0.01),并且sgp130/IL-6比值有随MODS严重程度增加而逐渐降低,且各组间差异显著(P0.01)。结论血清sgp130、IL-6参与MODS的发生、发展,sgp130/IL-6比值可作为评估大手术后MODS患者病情严重程度的有效指标。     

床旁颅脑超声对新生儿脑室参数测量的应用研究

目的探讨新生儿脑室参数测量在疾病诊断和脑发育评估中的应用价值。方法采用床旁超声诊断仪对出生后3 d内的新生儿颅脑进行常规检查,主要行冠状及矢状面扫描,对扫查参数进行统计分析。结果新生儿各项测定值在性别上的差异均不显著;新生儿侧脑室大小与头围呈正相关(r=0.310 0,P0.05),与新生儿体重及身长无相关性。结论床旁颅脑超声可作为常规检查手段,通过对新生儿脑室参数的测量来评估脑损伤类型和程度、评估脑的发育情况。     

精细化护理干预对阻生智齿拔除术患者围手术期的影响

目的 探讨实施精细化护理干预措施对阻生智齿拔除术患者围手术期的影响。方法 随机选择300例阻生智齿拔除术患者分为两组，每组各150例。对照组给予常规护理干预，观察组在此基础上，给予精细护理干预措施。比较两组就诊时间、护理满意度、诊疗满意度、术后肿胀程度、术后肿胀持续时间、术后疼痛程度、术后疼痛持续时间，以及治疗前、治疗后的改良Corah′s牙科焦虑量表(MDAS)评分。结果 观察组就诊时间为(45.79±7.38)min,明显低于对照组(59.94±8.90)min(P<0.001),观察组治疗后的MDAS为(8.39±2.47)分，明显低于对照组(10.91±2.89)分(P<0.001)。观察组诊疗及护理满意度均明显高于对照组(P<0.001)。观察组术后肿胀程度及疼痛程度均低于对照组(P<0.001)。结论 应用精细化护理干预，可以缩短就诊时间，提高患者就诊满意度，缓解患者焦虑与疼痛，减少术后肿胀发生。     

The anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab sensitizes human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells to radiation in part through inhibiting radiation-induced upregulation of HIF-1α

In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying cetuximab-mediated radiosensitization of HNSCC. Irradiation of HNSCC cells upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) via a mechanism involving de novo synthesis of HIF-1α protein. Radiation-induced upregulation of HIF-1α was completely abolished by concurrent treatment of HNSCC cells with cetuximab. Experimental elevation of constitutively expressed HIF-1α abolished cetuximab-mediated radiosensitization in HNSCC cells, whereas downregulation of HIF-1α by siRNA or a small molecule inhibitor enhanced responses of cetuximab-resistant HNSCC cells to cetuximab plus radiation. Our data suggest that cetuximab sensitizes cancer cells to ionizing radiation in part through inhibition of radiation-induced upregulation of HIF-1α.     

Influence of high-quality nursing service on rates of complications and nosocomial infection in orthopedics department

目的 降低骨科患者并发症和医院感染率.方法 根据住院时间将骨科患者分为对照组(629例)和观察组(655例),对照组采用传统护理和护理管理方法,观察组实施优质护理服务.比较开展优质护理服务前后6个月骨科患者并发症发生率和医院感染率.结果 开展优质护理服务后,骨科患者并发症发生率和医院感染率显著下降(P＜0.05、P＜0.01).结论 通过开展优质护理服务,能显著降低骨科患者并发症和医院感染率.     

毛大丁草抗卵清蛋白诱导的小鼠支气管哮喘作用的活性部位筛选

目的 通过卵清蛋白(ovalbumin，OVA)诱导的支气管哮喘小鼠模型，筛选毛大丁草抗哮喘的活性部位。方法 采用D101大孔吸附树脂法对毛大丁草50%乙醇提取物进行分段富集，依次洗脱得到水、60%乙醇、95%乙醇3个洗脱部位。小鼠通过腹腔注射OVA致敏、雾化吸入OVA激发来复制哮喘动物模型，在激发阶段连续6 d进行灌胃给药治疗。采用行为学评分考察不同部位对哮喘行为学的影响，利用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清、肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid，BALF)中IL-5的浓度和血清免疫球蛋白IgE的浓度，采用HE染色对肺组织进行组织病理学评价。结果 模型组小鼠哮喘症状评分升高，血清中IgE和IL-5的水平显著升高，BALF中IL-5的水平显著升高；与模型组比较，60%乙醇段高剂量组小鼠哮喘症状明显改善，血清中IL-5的水平显著降低，BALF中IL-5的水平也显著降低。结合病理学切片观察，60%乙醇段治疗的小鼠较之模型组小鼠肺泡间隔增厚程度降低，血管周围和支气管周围炎症细胞浸润显著减少。结论 毛大丁草50%乙醇提取物的60%乙醇洗脱部位为其抗哮喘的活性部位，其化学成分主要是酚酸类、黄酮类和香豆素类。     

Antihepatitis B therapy: a review of current medications and novel small molecule inhibitors

There are approximately 350 million hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers worldwide. Chronic HBV infection increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. To date, two classes of antiviral drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hepatitis B, immunomodulators (interferon [IFN]‐α and pegylated‐interferon [PEG‐IFN]‐α) and nucleos(t)ide analogs (lamivudine, telbivudine, adefovir, tenofovir [TDF], and entecavir [ETV]). Of these, ETV, TDF, and PEG‐IFN‐α are the most effective and are currently recommended for anti‐HBV therapy. However, these therapies are less than optimal because of their low rate of viral DNA and surface antigen clearance; thus, there exists a significant unmet medical need for safe and efficacious new anti‐HBV drugs. Covering diverse chemical structures and mechanisms of action, non‐nucleos(t)ide compounds offer great promise in the search for new anti‐HBV drugs. This review summarizes the currently approved anti‐HBV drugs and highlights advances in the identification and characterization of novel small molecule HBV inhibitors. We discuss the sources, structures, anti‐HBV effects, mechanisms of action, and potential toxicities of these novel inhibitors.