Differential Associations of Intakes of Whole Grains and Coarse Grains with Risks of Cardiometabolic Factors among Adults in China

There is a lack of studies on the association between whole grain intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in China and the current definition of whole grains is inconsistent. This study defined whole grains in two ways, Western versus traditional, and examined their associations with the risks of major cardiometabolic factors (CMFs) among 4706 Chinese adults aged ≥18 years, who participated in surveys both in 2011 and in 2015. Diet data were collected by consecutive 3 d 24 h recalls, together with household seasoning weighing. Whole grains were defined as grains with a ratio of fiber to carbohydrate of ≥0.1, while coarse grains were defined as grains except for rice and its products, and wheat and its products. Multivariable logistic regressions were modeled to analyze the associations of intakes of whole grains and coarse grains, respectively, with risks of major CMFs including obesity-, blood pressure-, blood glucose- and lipid-related factors, which were defined by International Diabetes Federation and AHA/NHLBI criteria. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of elevated LDL-C decreased with the increasing intake levels of whole grains (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46–0.88, p-trend < 0.05). Moreover, adults with the whole grain intake of 50.00 to 150.00 g/day had 27% lower odds of overweight and obesity (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54–0.99) and 31% lower odds of elevated LDL-C (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.96), as compared with non-consumers. In conclusion, given the significant nutrient profiles of whole grains and coarse grains, the adults with higher intakes of whole grains only may have a lower risk of LDL-C and overweight and obesity.     

改进Trizol法提取白色念珠菌总RNA初探

目的:比较Trizol法、改进Trizol法和超声粉碎法提取白色念珠菌总RNA产量、纯度和完整性的差异。方法:对生长至静止期的白色念珠菌标准株ATCC10231分别采用Trizol法、改进Trizol法和超声粉碎法提取总RNA,用紫外分光光度计测量其A260,A280的值,并进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,对总RNA的产量、纯度和完整性进行比较。结果:三种方法提取白色念珠菌总RNA产量分别为1.904μg、7.208μg和5.000μg,A260/A280比值分别为1.896、1.415和1.612。电泳结果显示改进Trizol法提取的总RNA呈现28 s rRNA,18 s rRNA和5 s rRNA三条清晰的条带,而Trizol法和超声粉碎法提取的总RNA均有降解。结论:改进Trizol法提取的白色念珠菌总RNA产量及纯度均高于Trizol法和超声粉碎法,且完整性更好。该法优于Trizol法和超声粉碎法。     

A Numerical Measurement Method for Dynamic Granular Materials Based on Computer Vision

Granular materials are widespread in nature and human production, and their macro-mechanical behavior is significantly affected by granule movement. The development of computer vision has brought some new ideas for measuring the numerical information (including the amount of translation, the rotation angle, velocity, acceleration, etc.) of dynamic granular materials. In this paper, we propose a numerical measurement method for dynamic granular materials based on computer vision. Firstly, an improved video instance segmentation (VIS) network is introduced to perform end-to-end multi-task learning, and its temporal feature fusion module and tracking head with long-sequence external memory can improve the problems of poor video data quality and high similarity in appearance of granular materials, respectively. Secondly, the numerical information can be extracted through a series of post-processing steps. Finally, the effectiveness of the measurement method is verified by comparing the numerical measurement results with the real values. The experimental results indicate that our improved VIS obtains an average precision (AP) of 76.6, the relative errors and standard deviations are maintained at a low level, and this method can effectively be used to measure the numerical information of dynamic granular materials. This study provides an intelligent proposal for the task of measuring numerical information of dynamic granular materials, which is of great significance for studying the spatial distribution, motion mode and macro-mechanical behavior of granular materials.     

Relationships between self-reflectiveness and clinical symptoms in individuals during pre-morbid and early clinical stages of psychosis

BackgroundSelf-reflectiveness, one dimension of cognitive insight, plays a protective role in an individual’s mental state. Both high and low levels of self-reflectiveness have been reported in patients with schizophrenia and individuals at clinical high risk for the illness.AimsThis study aimed to explore the relationship patterns between self-reflectiveness and clinical symptoms in individuals during the pre-morbid and early clinical stages of psychosis.MethodsA total of 181 subjects, including individuals with attenuated positive symptoms (APS, n=122) and patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP, n=59), completed the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale and were evaluated using the Schedule of Assessment of Insight and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. All subjects were classified into three groups according to their level of self-reflectiveness: low level (LSR, n=59), medium level (MSR, n=67) and high level (HSR, n=55). Both linear and non-linear relationships between self-reflectiveness and clinical symptoms were explored.ResultsMore individuals with APS were classified into the MSR group, while more patients with FEP were classified into the LSR group. The LSR group demonstrated less awareness of illness than the MSR and HSR groups, more stereotyped thinking and poorer impulse control but less anxiety than the MSR group, and lower levels of blunted affect and guilt feelings than the HSR group. The MSR group demonstrated lower stereotyped thinking than the HSR group. Compared to the LSR group, the MSR group had increased self-reflectiveness, improved awareness of illness, decreased stereotyped thinking, and better impulse control, but increased feelings of guilt. The HSR group showed increased stereotyped thinking when compared to the MSR group, but the other variables did not change significantly between these two groups. Overall, self-reflectiveness demonstrated an approximately inverse S-shaped relationship with the awareness of illness, a U-shaped relationship with stereotyped thinking and poor impulse control, and an almost linear relationship with anxiety and guilt feelings.ConclusionsSelf-reflectiveness demonstrates complex relationships with clinical symptoms and fails to exert significant positive effects when reaching a certain high level.     

多指标正交试验优选白术芍药散提取工艺

白术芍药散是中医传统名方,临床对于腹泻有确切的治疗效果.然而,目前有关白术芍药散的提取工艺报道较少.该试验利用正交试验的方法,以复方中10个指标性成分和浸出物的含量作为指标,采用综合加权评分法处理数据,对提取工艺中乙醇浓度、溶剂倍量、浸泡时间、提取时间4个因素进行考察,以优化白术芍药散提取工艺.结果得出白术芍药散的最佳提取工艺为加入12倍量70％乙醇,浸泡1h,提取2次,每次2h.其中提取时间有显著影响.优化后的提取工艺稳定可靠,可为进一步开发利用该处方提供参考.     

ICP-MS测定香芍软胶囊中砷 汞 铅 镉 铜的含量

目的：采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定香芍软胶囊（XSSC）囊心物中砷、汞、铅、镉、铜的含量。方法：样品经微波消解，以Re为内标，以茶叶、圆白菜标准物质为质控，采用ICP-MS测定上述5种元素。结果：对于所测5种元素，标准曲线的相关系数r〉0．9996，回收率为95．8-101．6％，RSD〈5．8％。结论：本测定方法快捷、准确、灵敏度高，适用于XSSC囊心物中上述5种元素的同时测定。     

蛋白质在膜表面的吸附特性及蛋白质存在的溶液环境对小檗碱膜透过行为的影响研究

为探索蛋白质在膜表面的吸附特性以及蛋白质存在的溶液环境对小檗碱膜透过行为的影响,以蛋白质、小檗碱为研究对象,配制模拟溶液,通过低场核磁共振技术、静态吸附实验以及膜分离实验探究蛋白质与陶瓷膜、小檗碱之间可能存在的相互作用,以蛋白质静态吸附量、膜过程相对通量、蛋白质截留率、小檗碱透过率及两者的吸附率为评价指标,同时测定膜过程中膜污染阻力分布、过膜前后粒径分布变化及膜表面电镜扫描(SEM),研究蛋白质在陶瓷膜上的吸附特性及对小檗碱膜过程的影响。结果表明,陶瓷膜对蛋白质具有吸附作用,且吸附模型符合Langmuir吸附模型,在模拟溶液的膜分离过程中,蛋白质是引起膜污染的主要因素,但在1 g·L~(-1)蛋白质的浓度下,蛋白质的存在对小檗碱的膜过程没有显著影响。     

液相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定人血浆中雷米普利和雷米普利拉的浓度

目的:建立同时测定人血浆中雷米普利和雷米普利拉浓度的液相色谱-质谱方法。方法:以喹那普利为内标,血浆样品经固相萃取小柱提取后,采用HPLC-MS(TOF)联用技术,以电喷雾(ESI)作为接口技术,以宽的m/z为数据采集范围检测后,选择准分子离子[M H] 作为检测离子,进行滤过、积分的方式检测,同时测定人血浆中雷米普利和雷米普利拉的浓度。结果:雷米普利和雷米普利拉的线性范围分别为1~80μg·L-1和0.5~40μg·L-1,日内精密度与日间RSD均小于10%。结论:该测定方法具有灵敏、专一和快速的优点,可满足雷米普利在人体内药动学研究的要求。     

鸦胆子茎节组培快繁体系的建立

目的：建立鸦胆子茎节组培快繁体系。方法：选用鸦胆子嫩枝为外植体,探讨基本培养基和外源激素对其离体再生的初代培养、继代增殖、生根培养的影响,并进行移栽试验。结果：鸦胆子的不定芽增殖、壮苗、生根的最佳培养基分别为MS＋6-BA1．0mg·L^-1＋IBA0.1mg·L^-1,1／2MS＋香蕉汁20g·L^-1;1／2NS＋IBA0．1mg·L^-1＋NAA0．1mg·L^-1。炼苗基质为细沙时,成活率最高。     

大蒜素对巨噬细胞介导的细胞毒作用的影响

大蒜素单独或与其他激活剂协同作用时,具有增强巨噬细胞的抗肿瘤作用。同时可增强某些瘤细胞对巨噬细胞介导的细胞毒作用的敏感性。