重症脑梗死患者的早期肠内营养支持的应用

目的:研究重症脑梗死患者早期应用肠内营养支持对机体营养指标及胃肠道功能的临床效果。方法:对确诊为重症脑梗死的患者62例,以抽签法随机分为治疗组与对照组,分别用改良与传统方法实施鼻饲。结果:治疗组患者治疗前后血清白蛋白、非瘫痪侧上臂三头肌肌围(moveablearmmuscularcirculation,MAMC)和三头肌皮褶厚度(tricepsskinfold,TSF)等营养指标值在14d与1d比较时有统计学意义(t=2.32～11.75,P<0.05),各营养指标变化值在14d时治疗组较对照组差异有显著性意义犤血清白蛋白:(33.3±2.5)比(29.5±2.3)g/L;TSF:(13.51±2.27)比(12.35±2.13)mm;MAMC:(21.35±2.43)比(18.89±1.78)cm犦(P<0.05)。治疗组的上消化道出血、呕吐反流、腹胀和拒食等胃肠胃功能障碍的发生率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:早期肠内营养支持可减轻重症脑梗死患者的营养状况恶化程度,有助于胃肠道功能的改善。     

晚期非小细胞肺癌综合治疗的前瞻性研究

目的探讨提高Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌治疗效果的方法。方法85例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为3组,并进行不同顺序的治疗,A组(化疗+手术+放疗)28例,放疗后配合辅助化疗;B组(手术+化疗+放疗)28例;C组(手术+放疗+化疗)29例。比较各组3年生存率、局部区域复发率和远处转移率的差异性。结果A、B、C3组3年生存率分别为75.00%,53.57%,44.83%,其中A组与C组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);3组局部区域复发率分别为7.14%,32.14%,17.24%,其中A组与B组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);各组远处转移率分别为7.14%,10.71%,37.93%,其中A组与C组及B组与C组比较,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论术前化疗再手术,配合术后放疗及辅助化疗,可提高治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的疗效。     

Clinical prognostic factors associated with outcome in patients with renal cell cancer with prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immunotherapy treated with everolimus

BackgroundThe mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, is approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, prognostic models are needed to determine the patients who would most benefit from this therapy. We have developed a model based on clinical parameters and patient stratification into risk groups to predict patients with RCC who will derive the most benefit from treatment with everolimus.MethodsWe assessed retrospective data on 57 patients with RCC who received everolimus after previous treatment with immunotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors to identify prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In the original phase II study, patients received 10 mg of everolimus daily without interruption and were assessed every other week for the first 8 weeks on therapy and every 4 weeks thereafter. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate OS and PFS. Univariate and multivariate analyses were constructed using the Cox proportional hazards model and a stepwise procedure to validate the data.ResultsWe grouped patients according to risk: 0 prognostic factors indicated favorable risk, 1 to 2 factors intermediate risk, and≥3 factors poor risk. We found notable differences in median OS (29.6 mo for favorable risk, 14.3 mo for intermediate risk, and 7.2 mo for poor risk). Three risk factors (prior radiation treatment, no lung metastasis present at the start of treatment, and lymphocytes<25 cells/µl) in the multivariate analysis were found to be associated with PFS, and 4 risk factors were found to be associated with OS (bone metastasis at start of treatment, LDH>1.5×upper limit of normal, alkaline phosphatase>120 U/l, and lymphocytes<25 cells/µl).ConclusionsOur prognostic model includes 3 readily available clinical parameters for PFS and 4 readily available clinical parameters for OS to help stratify patients into poor, intermediate, and favorable prognosis groups for the treatment of everolimus in clear cell RCC. These intriguing results warrant further study in a larger patient population to validate the findings.     

婴儿先天性心脏病手术的麻醉处理(附93例报告)

本文报道1990年5月至1996年5月施行的93例婴儿先天性心脏病手术的麻醉处理。患儿平均月龄8．66±3．42个月，平均体重7．52±1．97公斤。麻醉诱导主要采用氯胺酮760±2．60mg/Kg肌注，静注芬太尼13．59±6．00μg／Kg，潘库溴铵0．17±0．07mg／Kg后行气管内插管。麻醉维持则采用大剂量芬太尼（41．17±16．90μ／Kg）为主的静脉复合麻醉，收到了较理想的效果。     

Gasless laparoscopic assisted surgery for abdominal trauma

Background

Numerous studies have described the effectiveness of laparoscopy for trauma patients. In gas-filling laparoscopic surgery, most of the disadvantages are related to a positive pressure pneumoperitoneum that compromises the cardiopulmonary function. The main advantage of gasless laparoscopic assisted surgery (GLA) is that it does not affect the haemodynamic status, which is particularly critical for trauma patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of GLA for abdominal trauma.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective, 1:2 matched case–control study of all trauma gasless assisted laparoscopies performed from January 2010 until January 2013 in a Level I trauma centre. In total, 965 patients with abdominal trauma were admitted. According to the abdominal trauma protocol, a total of 93 hemodynamically stable patients required the operation; we selected fifteen patients to undergo GLA and matched 30 other patients to undergo laparotomy. Demographic information, perioperative findings, injury severity score, and postoperative recovery were recorded and analyzed.

Results

A total of fifteen patients (ten men, five women) with a mean age of 44.4, standard deviation (SD) 13.2 years underwent GLA for abdominal trauma. Eight patients had penetrating injuries, while seven had blunt injuries. Overall, 73% patients had multiple injuries. The mean time to the identified lesion was 23.1, SD 10.9 min, and the mean operative time was 109.7, SD 33.5 min. Most of the lesions were repaired concurrently by GLA. One conversion to laparotomy was done. The mean length of hospital stay (HLOS) was 9.1, SD 4.5 days. No mortality occurred in this series. The mean follow-up was 22.0, SD 7.9 months, and there were no significant events during this period. The mean operative times were comparable in the GLA and open surgery group (109.7, SD 33.5 vs. 131.2, SD 43.6 min; p = 0.076). Compared with the open surgery group, the HLOS was significantly shorter in the GLA group (9.1, SD 4.5 vs.16.3, SD 6.4 days; p = 0.030).

Conclusion

GLA offers both therapeutic and diagnostic advantages for patients with abdominal trauma. GLA shares the advantages of laparoscopy and prevents the cardiopulmonary function from being compromised due to pneumoperitoneum, which is especially critical for trauma patients.