血清网膜素-1 与糖尿病周围神经病变的相关性

目的 探讨血清网膜素-1 与糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）的相关性。方法 选取2016 年6 月— 2017 年10 月海南省第三人民医院收治的100 例2 型糖尿病患者,根据是否合并周围神经病变,将其分为 DPN 和无DPN 组,各50 例。另选取同期该院健康体检者50 例作为对照组。测量各组的体重、身高、腰围、 臀围,计算体重指数（BMI）及腰臀比（WHR）;检测空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（Fins）、糖化血红蛋白 （HbA1C）、24 h 尿白蛋白排泄率（24 hUAER）、胱抑素C（Cys-C）、胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密 度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）及血清网膜素-1 水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR） 和胰岛β 细胞功能指数（HOMA-β）。结果 各组BMI、WHR、TG、Fins、FPG、HOMA-IR、HbAlc、 血清网膜素-1、HDL-C 及HOMA-β 比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,DPN 组和无DPN 组患者血 清网膜素-1 水平均低于对照组（P <0.05）,DPN 组患者血清网膜素-1 水平均低于无DPN 组（P <0.05）。 血清网膜素-1 水平与HOMA-β 呈正相关（r =0.496,P =0.000）,与病程、WHR、TG、Cys-C、FPG、 HbA1c 及24 hUAER 呈负相关（r =-0.323、-0.127、-0.173、-0.326、-0.449、-0.328 和-0.331,P =0.009、 0.013、0.035、0.000、0.000、0.000 和0.023）。Logistic 回归分析结果表明血清网膜素-1 是影响DPN 发生的 危险因素[Ol ^ R=1.011（95%CI ：1.003,1.019）,P =0.013]。结论 DPN 的发生、发展可能与血清网膜素-1 水 平降低有关。     

改良斜轴位磁共振成像扫描在距腓前韧带损伤中的应用价值

目的  评估改良斜轴位磁共振成像（MRI）检查对慢性踝关节不稳患者距腓前韧带损伤诊断的可靠性及有效性。方法  选取2013年1月-2015年11月从该院预行踝关节镜检查的住院患者中招募研究对象。所有研究对象行踝关节常规轴位及改良斜轴位MRI检查,利用MRI图像评估距腓前韧带损伤,对比上述检查对韧带全长的显示效果,利用ICC指数评估观察者间一致性,以踝关节镜检查结果作为金标准,评估上述检查的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值,阳性预测值、准确性。结果  招募91例研究对象。其中,男性49例,女性42例,平均（34.6±13.2）岁。常规轴位MRI显示,效果与改良斜轴位MRI的差异有统计学意义（观察者A：Z =-4.987,P =0.000;观察者B：Z =-4.084,P =0.000）,斜轴位MRI检查观察者间ICC指数为0.943,95%CI：0.902,0.987。共有60例患者经关节镜检查确诊为距腓前韧带损伤。改良斜轴位MRI检查的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值、阳性预测值及准确度：观察者A分别为92%、97%、86%、98%和95%;观察者B分别为95%、94%、91%、97%和95%。结论  对于诊断距腓前韧带损伤,改良斜轴位MRI检查具有很好的观察者间一致性以及突出的诊断价值,可以较好地显示韧带全长,值得在临床推广应用。

     

内热针治疗中晚期强直性脊柱炎的疗效观察

目的观察内热针治疗中晚期强直性脊柱炎的临床疗效和安全性,探讨其应用前景。方法62例中晚期强直性脊柱炎患者按就诊顺序分为采用内热针治疗的治疗组(31例)和采用常规针刺治疗的对照组(31例),连续治疗8周后观察2组患者治疗前后的主要症状及体征(胸廓活动度、枕墙距、指地距、Schober试验),实验室指标(血沉、C反应蛋白),脊椎疼痛VAS评分、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数(BASFI)和Bath强直性脊柱炎疾病活动指数(BASDAI)。结果2组患者治疗后的主要体征、脊柱疼痛VAS评分与治疗前比较均有明显改善(P<0.05);2组之间在枕墙距、指地距、Schober试验、脊柱疼痛VAS评分方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在胸廓活动方面无明显差异(P>0.05)。治疗前后2组的血沉、C反应蛋白相比有明显降低(P<0.05);治疗后2组在血沉、C反应蛋白无明显变化(P>0.05)。治疗前后2组组内的BASFI、BASDAI相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且组间比较治疗组疗效更佳(P<0.05)。结论内热针疗法和常规针刺疗法对中晚期强直性脊柱炎均有较好的临床疗效及安全性,但内热针疗法在改善脊柱关节活动度、缓解疼痛症状、降低致残率、延缓病情等方面的疗效更为显著,安全可行,值得探索和推广应用。     

Enhanced expression of C chemokine lymphotactin in IgA nephropathy

Leukocyte accumulation in the kidney is observed in patients with IgA nephropathy. Chemokines are a large family of cytokines chemotactic for leukocytes and have been shown to be upregulated in renal diseases. We previously reported that the gene expression of lymphotactin, a sole member of C chemokine subfamily, is enhanced in an animal model of crescentic glomerulonephritis, but its expression in human renal diseases is totally unknown. In the present study, we investigated the expression of mRNAs of lymphotactin and some other chemokines in IgA nephropathy. The expression of mRNAs for three chemokines, lymphotactin, MCP-1, and MIP-1beta, in renal cortex was increased and the levels of lymphotactin and MCP-1 mRNAs were statistically higher in patients with glomerular crescents than in those without crescents. These levels also correlated with tubulointerstitial changes and urinary protein excretion. Glomerular levels of mRNAs for lymphotactin and MCP-1, but not MIP-1beta, were higher in IgA nephropathy than controls. By immunohistochemical analysis, lymphotactin was detected in tryptase-positive cells (putative mast cells) in the interstitial space. These results suggest that lymphotactin, as well as MCP-1, may contribute to leukocyte infiltration and disease progression in IgA nephropathy.     

AO锁骨钩钢板固定与改良Weaver法治疗急性肩锁关节脱位（Ⅲ～Ⅵ型）

目的探讨AO锁骨钩钢板固定与改良Weaver法治疗急性Ⅲ～Ⅵ型肩锁关节脱位的疗效。方法55例Ⅲ～Ⅵ型肩锁关节脱位患者采用AO锁骨钩钢板固定或改良Weaver法进行治疗,其中23例（Ⅲ型7例,Ⅳ型11例,Ⅴ型4例,Ⅵ型1例）应用一期修复喙锁韧带锁骨钩钢板治疗,32例（Ⅲ型2例,Ⅳ型9例,Ⅴ型17例,Ⅵ型4例）应用改良Weaver法一期重建喙锁韧带,回顾性分析其效果及预后。结果根据Karlsson标准,总体优良率96．3％,修复喙锁韧带锁骨钩钢板固定组总体优良率95．6％;改良Weaver法喙锁韧带重建组总体优良率96．8％。结论一期修复喙锁韧带锁骨钩钢板固定及改良Weaver法一期重建喙锁韧带对于治疗急性Ⅲ～Ⅵ型肩锁关节脱位均能取得满意的疗效。     

PET/CT在胰头肿块型良恶性病变的鉴别诊断和在术前评估胰腺癌切除的可行性

目的 1、探讨PET/CT在胰腺癌与肿块型胰腺良病史鉴别诊断方面的价值。2、PET/CT对胰腺癌可行性切除评估中的价值。3、PET/CT在发现淋巴结转移,神经束膜侵犯和远处转移方面的价值。方法本文对37例经B超、CT、内镜等检查发现胰头占位但未能明确肿块性质的患者进行PET/CT扫描。收集病灶的大小、部位,局部和远处淋巴结转移状况,神经束膜侵犯情况,病变与邻近组织器官的解剖学关系以及是否出现远处转移病灶等情况;测量肿瘤大小及面积,病灶的18FSG早期最大标准化摄取值（SUVmax）。结果 24例术前考虑胰腺癌患者早期SUVmax平均值为6.38±3.84;肿瘤的大小平均3.40cm×2.64cm,假阳性4例;慢性胰腺炎7例早期SUVmax平均值为3.30±2.27;肿瘤的大小平均3.7cm×2.5cm。2例壶腹部癌患者SUVmax分别是5.4和4.2,肿瘤大小分别是：4.2cm×3.8cm和2.7cm×1.9cm;2例胰腺粘液性囊腺瘤,SUVmax分别是：0.6和0.8,肿瘤大小分别是：3.8cm×2.5cm和5.4cm×2.7cm。1例胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤,SUVmax值为6.9,肿瘤大小为6.6×4.7cm。1例十二指肠乳头癌,其SUVmax为6.9,肿瘤大小1.7cm×1.4cm。以早期SUVmax等于3.0作为胰腺良恶性病变的鉴别阈值,PET/CT诊断胰腺癌敏感度、特异性和准确性分别为87.1%（27/31例）、83.3%（5/6例）、86.5%（32/37）。PET/CT发现5例胰腺癌存在远处转移而无法施行手术治疗。结论 PET/CT显像诊断胰腺癌灵敏度、特异性以及准确性较高,在胰头癌和肿块型慢性胰腺炎的鉴别诊断中具有显著意义,并在术前胰腺癌可切除性评估起到指导性意义。     

Geometry of thoracolumbar vertebral endplates of the human spine

Novel and better vertebral body replacement constructs are always desired by surgeons. Endplate geometry is crucial for the design of those implants, but current literature on that topic is very scarce. The authors present a morphometric study of thoracolumbar vertebral endplates, the goal of which was to analyze the geometry of endplates from T10 inferior to L3 superior by employing data from CT scans, as well as to verify the reliability of data derived from the CT measurement. Reformatted CT scans of 83 individuals were analyzed and sagittal concave angle, location of concave region, sagittal diameter of endplate, coronal concave angle, as well as transverse diameter of endplate were measured in midsagittal plane and specified coronal plane. The data of CT and cadaveric measurements of ten cadaveric specimens were also compared. Age and gender did not influence sagittal concave angle, location of concave region, and coronal concave angle significantly (P > 0.05). No significant difference has been revealed among each endplate for sagittal concave angle (range 162.5°–163.9°) and location of concave region (range 42.5–44.2%), either. Ranging between 170.9° and 175.7°, coronal concave angle was constantly larger in superior endplate than in inferior one. The sagittal and transverse endplate diameters of females were significantly smaller than those of males (P < 0.05), being about 88% of the latter one. The mean difference between CT and cadaveric measurements was small (Cronbach alpha > 0.8). Those morphologic parameters, especially the concavity of endplates, should be taken into consideration when designing novel vertebral body replacement constructs. CT measurement data could be used to calculate most suitable geometric parameters of those implants.     

人羊膜间充质细胞向成骨细胞诱导分化的实验研究

目的 观察人羊膜间充质细胞(human amnion mesenchymal cells,hAMCs)体外诱导向成骨细胞分化,为骨组织工程提供种子细胞。方法 从剖宫产后废弃的人羊膜组织分离培养hAMCs,经成骨细胞诱导条件培养基诱导后,对细胞形态特征、碱性磷酸酶、骨桥素、骨钙素表达以及I型胶原分泌进行观察和检测。结果 原代培养的hAMCs形态呈长梭形或不规则形,呈均匀分布生长,传代后细胞体积略变大,约5～7d传代1次。经成骨细胞诱导培养15d后,hAMCs碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、骨桥素的表达呈阳性,并且检测有I型胶原分泌。结论 hAMCs易于体外分离培养及扩增,体外成骨细胞定向诱导的hAMCs具有典型的成骨细胞的形态和功能性特征,是良好的骨组织工程种子细胞。     

Alternate methods for laparoscopic management of adnexal masses greater than 10 cm in diameter.

PURPOSE: We describe alternate laparoscopic methods for inspection and removal of large adnexal masses, and report our experience with 18 cases in which these methods were used. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between April 1994 and January 2000, the first author performed operative laparoscopy on 18 patients, each of whom had at least one adnexal mass with maximum diameter greater than 10 cm. Mean patient age was 32 years (range 11 to 82). Seventeen of the 18 patients were premenopausal. All procedures were performed at one of two community hospitals in Seattle or at Yuan's General Hospital in Taiwan. Preoperative screening included pelvic exam, tumor markers, and ultrasound. RESULTS: One 82-year-old patient underwent planned laparoscopic bilateral oopherectomy. In the other 17 cases the operative goal was cystectomy or unilateral oopherectomy with conservation of reproductive function. Cystectomy was successfully performed in five of these cases (29.4%). The remaining 12 patients underwent either unilateral oopherectomy (10 cases, 58.8%), or unilateral salpingo oopherectomy (2 cases, 8.8%) due to the extent of their mass. Sixteen of the 18 cases in this series were successfully managed by a single laparoscopic surgery, one case required a second-look laparoscopy, and in one case a malignancy was found by histological analysis of permanent section, which required a second laparoscopy for staging and debulking. CONCLUSIONS: Large adnexal masses can be successfully managed with minimal hospital stay using laparoscopic techniques, when care is taken to avoid rupture and spillage of cyst contents, and thorough inspection of the mass and abdominal cavity is made possible. The probability of finding an unexpected malignancy is low. In those cases where a malignancy is found, appropriate cytoreductive staging surgery can be performed immediately.     

肾嫌色细胞癌的诊治（附4例报告）

目的 提高肾嫌色细胞癌的诊治水平。方法 回顾性分析4例肾嫌色细胞癌患者的临床资料。男3例，女1例，年龄34—76岁，平均52岁。结果 3例患者行肾癌根治术，1例行肾部分切除术。术后病理诊断为肾嫌色细胞癌，病理分期：pT1aNxMo 1例，pT1bNoMo3例。病理分级：G1 3例，G2 1例。免疫组织化学染色：CK8（低分子量细胞角蛋白）阳性，Vimentin（波型蛋白）阴性，Hale胶体铁阳性。随访4个月至8年，平均4年。4例患者均健在，无肿瘤复发或转移。结论 肾嫌色细胞癌是一种低度恶性的肾细胞癌，影像学检查对其诊断有重要帮助，确诊有赖于组织病理学检查，手术治疗后预后较好。