Sensitive Techniques for POCT Sensing on the Residues of Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs in Food

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - For the immense requirement on agriculture and animal husbandry, application of pesticides and veterinary drugs had become a normal state in...     

Satisfaction with neighbourhood environment moderates the associations between objective neighbourhood environment and leisure-time physical activity in older adults in Beijing,China

Asia is ageing fast. To develop more effective health promotion initiatives among older adults, more knowledge of the environmental correlates of physical activity is needed. However, research in this age group is rare, and most existing studies have been conducted within Western contexts. The present study explores the interaction effects of objective neighbourhood environment and satisfaction with neighbourhood environment on leisure-time physical activity in older adults in Beijing, China. This study follows a cross-sectional design and involves older adults aged 65 years and over. The questionnaire was collected in 2018 and 2,061 older adults living in Yanshan, Beijing, China were included in the analysis. Linear regression was applied to examine the effects. The findings show that residents who live in places with higher levels of walkability, or those who are more satisfied with neighbourhood environment (either path/road/street condition or recreational resources) spent significantly longer participating in leisure-time physical activity. However, the objective neighbourhood accessibility of recreational resources was not a significant factor of physical activity. Satisfaction with neighbourhood recreational resources can significantly moderate the relationship between objective neighbourhood accessibility of recreational resources and leisure-time physical activity respectively. This is the first study conducted in China examining the relationships between objective neighbourhood environment, satisfaction with neighbourhood environment and leisure-time physical activity among older adults. This study may have implications for urban planning and service provision planning. The design of built environments that considers quality rather than only quantity can play a significant role in improving older adults' leisure-time physical activity.     

食管癌早癌内镜黏膜下剥离术后发生食管狭窄的危险因素分析及预测模型建立

目的 分析食管癌早癌内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)后发生食管狭窄的危险因素并建立相应的预测模型。方法 回顾性分析六安市人民医院消化内科于2018年6月至2021年12月收治的52例符合标准的早期食管癌患者病理和临床资料,根据患者术后是否发生食管狭窄分为狭窄组(n=15例)与非狭窄组(n=37例)。比较两组患者基线资料,分析筛选获得与术后发生食管狭窄有关的指标,再将有关指标纳入多因素logistic回归分析中得出影响术后发生食管狭窄的独立因素,并基于上述因素对应系数构建线性回归模型,采取受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估模型的预测价值,选择拟合优度检验评判预测值与实际值的一致性情况。结果 两组患者固有肌层损伤、病变环周范围、肿瘤浸润深度、剥离的纵径长度比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果提示有固有肌层损伤(OR=4.310,95%CI:2.307～8.055)、病变环周范围>3/4环周(OR=12.820,95%CI:3.781～43.470)、肿瘤浸润深度进展至M3～SM1期(OR=6.482,95%CI:2.747～15.294)、长剥离...     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病CT诊断对评估疗效的影响

目的：分析新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（ＨＩＥ）治疗前后ＣＴ分度的变化,探讨ＨＩＥＣＴ诊断在评估疗效中的作用和影响。方法：选取１９９２－１９９９年在我院住院的ＨＩＥ患４００例,按不同的年龄段分组,所有病例均在发病时和治疗后分别行薄层ＣＴ扫描,对ＨＩＥ进行ＣＴ诊断分度,分析其统计数据。结果：不同程度、不同年龄组的ＨＩＥ患儿治疗后加重或减轻的比例也明显不同,结论：新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病按不同的年龄段分组,及其ＣＴ诊断严格分度,是对准确判断ＨＩＥ疗效的有力补充。     

基于改进TransUnet网络的血管内超声图像边界提取方法研究

血管内超声(IVUS)图像是观测血管内部结构的首选影像学手段,基于IVUS图像的内膜和中外膜边界的提取是实现冠脉粥样硬化精准诊断的前提和关键。针对IVUS图像结构复杂、对比度低、边界提取困难等问题,本研究提出一种基于改进TransUnet网络的分割方法。首先,针对IVUS图像边界提取难点,对边血管、血管分叉、导丝伪像、阴影等4种图像结构进行建模,并基于建模结果予以定向数据增强;而后,结合IVUS图像的环状结构分布特点,在TransUnet网络中提出了Polar-bias归纳偏置的策略,并对IVUS图像进行像素级的分类;最后,基于分类结果优化GVF snake模型的外力场,进而提取IVUS图像的内膜和中外膜边界。采用国际标准IVUS图像数据集(两组不同中心频率,共512幅图像)对算法进行评测,引入JMard距离(JM),Hausdorff距离(HD)和面积差异百分比(PAD)等3个评测指标,在数据集A中JM为0.87, HD为0.87, PAD为0.18,数据集B中JM为0.91, HD为0.25, PAD为0.08。实验结果表明,所提出的算法在两组数据集的内膜及中外膜提取问题中的表现均...     

急性有机磷农药中毒致大鼠肌无力的实验研究

目的探讨急性有机磷中毒致肌无力的机制。方法以乐果作为受试物,建立染毒后肌无力大鼠模型,测定血液、脑组织、肌肉组织胆碱酯酶（ＡＣｈＥ）活力。结果腹腔注射乐果后,大鼠全血、红细胞、血浆ＡＣｈＥ活力持续下降,至２４小时时,这三部分血液成分的ＡＣｈＥ活力分别由染毒前的（２３．４±４．６）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、（１８．７±３．４）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、（６．０±１．１）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ降至（２．１±１．６）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、（１．５±１．１）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、（０．８±０．５）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。大鼠肌无力表现与血液ＡＣｈＥ活力变化不平行,二者相关程度较低（ｒ＝０．６４,Ｐ＞０．０５）。大鼠发生肌无力时,中枢及外周组织ＡＣｈＥ活力亦显著下降,但不同组织中ＡＣｈＥ活力下降的程度及趋势各不相同。肌肉组织与血液ＡＣｈＥ活力变化趋势较为一致。结论ＡＣｈＥ持续抑制可能不是肌无力的主要原因,其在肌无力发病中的意义需进一步研究。     

药物中微量元素的测定

目的：检测营养制剂善存片中各种微量元素的含量,并就样品前处理及测定进行方法学探讨。方法：采用３ 种不同方法处理善存片样品,然后用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪优化测试条件后,测定铁、镁、锌、锰、铬、钼、钙等１１ 种微量元素的含量。结果：各种微量元素的含量与药盒所标数据基本一致。结论：确定了先用硝酸消化,再用石墨炉灰化为最佳样品处理方法。测定时选４ 点作标准工作曲线,既不会使操作太复杂,又能保证测定的精密度     

颈椎椎间盘与后部结构断层解剖及影像学研究

选用43具青年尸体,蛛网膜下腔注入铸型造影剂,低温冷冻,以椎间盘为中心制作断层标本,同时选取40例正常健康人进行超声、CT及MR扫描图像分析.发现同组中不同椎间盘水平测量数据的大小不同;解剖学与影像学各测量结果进行比较无显著性差异.     

c-fos基因在乐果中毒后肌无力大鼠肌组织中的表达

采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ、ＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ技术,检测了有机磷农药乐果对大鼠骨骼肌细胞中即刻早期反应基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达的影响。结果表明,在乐果作用下,骨骼肌细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因表达在ｍＲＮＡ以及蛋白质水平均明显增高。然而骨骼肌细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ的表达是否与毒物刺激有关,其在农药中毒机制上的生物学意义有待深入研究。