转运体在药物排泄中的作用及在新药研发中的意义

本文介绍了药物转运体在药物排泄过程中的作用,探讨了其在新药研发和临床应用中的可能性。通过对药物转运体功能的了解和利用,可以开发出对某些器官有靶向性的药物,或避免药物分布到某些器官中,从而提高药物的疗效,降低其毒副作用;也可以通过对转运体介导的药物相互作用及肝肠循环的研究,指导临床更加安全有效的用药。在药物研发的初始阶段,就开始重视其药动学特性,这一观念近年来已被很多人所接受。对药物转运体的深入认识和利用,建立高通量的药物转运体筛选体系,对于加速新药研发的进程将具有极其重要的意义。     

体外基因扩增技术检测上呼吸道炎症局部脱落细胞中肺炎衣原体DNA

为快捷诊断上呼吸道肺炎衣原体感染，用肺炎衣原体ＰｓｔＩ４７４片段特异性聚合酶链式反应（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ，ＰＣＲ）法检测了急性上呼吸道炎症患者局部拭子标本。同时以微量免疫荧光法检测了血清中肺炎衣原体特异性抗体。结果在１７５例患者拭子标本中，ＰＣＲ阳性４９例，阳性率２８％；荧光抗体阳性４５例，阳性率２５．７％。两者相符率９１．８％。表明肺炎衣原体ＰｓｔⅠ４７４片段特异性ＰＣＲ法检测鼻咽喉部肺炎衣原体感染是一个较敏感和特异的方法     

重组人表皮生长因子在外伤性鼓膜穿孔治疗中的临床应用

外伤性鼓膜穿孔是耳鼻咽喉科的常见病、多发病,近年来有上升趋势。鼓膜穿孔破坏了鼓膜的正常结构并影响鼓膜的正常生理功能,穿孔后鼓室与外耳道直接相通,为病原微生物侵入中耳打开了门户,且鼓膜穿孔患者常有不同程度的耳闷、耳鸣及听力下降等症状,对患者的生理及心理造成一定影     

乌鲁木齐地区线粒体12SrRNA基因突变筛查分析

目的　研究乌鲁木齐地区非综合征性聋患者线粒体12S rRNA基因突变情况。方法　收集乌鲁木齐非综合征性聋患者标本609例,对其进行临床和分子遗传学评估。结果　12S rRNA基因突变分析共发现11个突变位点,已知的A1555G、961DelT、C1494T突变分别占2.96%,1.15%,0.16%。另外A1047G突变相关报道较少,A1585G突变未见相关报道。其他突变均为多态性位点。结论　线粒体12S rRNA突变是引起遗传性聋的重要因素,此次乌鲁木齐地区线粒体12S rRNA A1555G突变在聋病人群中的检出率与前期报道相比有所降低,可能与耳毒性药物使用量降低有关。A1047G与新发现的A1585G突变是否与聋相关,还需进一步研究。对筛查中阳性突变携带者及其母系家庭成员需告知氨基糖苷类抗生素使用风险,使其避免使用,逐步降低药物性聋的发生率。     

Effect of low-dose lidocaine on MEPs in patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection with propofol anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial

Objective:To investigate the effect of low-dose lidocaine on motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection with propofol anesthesia.Methods:Forty patients who underwent intracranial tumor resection and required MEP monitoring were selected. They were randomly divided into the lidocaine group (group L, n = 20) and the control group (group C, n = 20) by computer-generated randomization. All patients were given propofol anesthesia under the guidance of the bispectral index. In group L, 1 mg/kg of lidocaine was injected intravenously during anesthesia induction. Then, lidocaine was continuously pumped at a speed of 1 mg/kg/h until the operation started. Group C was given an equal volume of normal saline. Heart rate (HR), mean artery pressure (MAP), and bispectral index were recorded before anesthesia induction (T0), 2 minutes after tracheal intubation (T1), and 35 minutes (T2), and 50 minutes (T3) after anesthesia induction. The amplitude and latency of MEP at T2 and T3, the total dosage of propofol after anesthesia induction, and adverse events before T3 were recorded.Results:Compared with those in group C, HR and MAP were significantly decreased at T1 in group L. No significant differences were observed in HR and MAP at T0, T2, and T3 between group L and group C. The total dosage of propofol and the incidence of adverse events were significantly lower in group L than in group C before T3. There were no significant differences in the amplitude and latency of MEP between the 2 groups at each time point.Conclusions:Low-dose lidocaine has no obvious effect on MEP in patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection. However, it increased hemodynamic stability, reduced propofol use, and decreased the incidence of adverse events.     

基于知识元标引的中医古籍研究回顾与反思

回顾国内以往知识元研究,结合当前中医古籍知识元研究工作,探讨中医古籍研究的部分现存问题.中医古籍知识元研究工作重点在于知识元标引平台的研发以及中医基础理论的数据化处理.知识元的概念是文本中的词或短语;知识元的文本可以借助文言语法与知识图谱三元组概念进行数据提取;建立语义关系,即语义三元组的描述,可分为表达不同描述对象(...     

吡喹酮长循环纳米粒在家兔体内的药动学

健康成年家兔18只,随机分为3组,分别静注吡喹酮溶液、吡喹酮纳米粒和吡喹酮长循环纳米粒(10 mg/kg).以地西泮为内标,采用HPLC法测定家兔血浆中的吡喹酮.吡喹酮注射液和吡喹酮纳米粒的体内过程符合二房室模型,吡喹酮长循环纳米粒的体内过程符合三房室模型,3种制剂的主要药动学参数分别为:t1/2(1.27±1.56)、(1.13±0.66)和(23.82±8.94)h,CL(5.29±0.78)、(2.38±1.00)和(1.16±0.16)L·h-1·kg-1,AUC0→t(1.48±0.2 7)、(3.52±1.79)和(4.93±1.27) mg·h·ml-1,MRT(0.44±0.30)、(0.41±0.10)和(16.12±1.38) h.     

Effects of population aging on the mortality burden of related cancers in urban and rural areas of China, 2004–2017: a population-based study

Objective: China is a developing country with urban–rural disparities and accelerating population aging. Therefore, quantifying the effects of population aging on the cancer mortality burden is urgently needed.Methods: Using data from China’s death surveillance datasets(2004–2017), we decomposed and quantified the effects of population aging and factor variations on cancer mortality rates in urban and rural China during 2004–2017 through a decomposition method. R ratios were used to assess the e...     

Healon~([R])和Viscoat~([R])细胞毒性的比较研究

本实验应用新的组织培养系统培养的兔角膜内皮细胞,对Healon~(R)和Viscoat~(R)的细胞毒性进行了比较研究。发现它们对角膜内皮细胞具有潜在的毒性作用,当细胞暴露于药液3小时后,出现轻度的损害。24小时后,出现严重的细胞损害。两者相比较,Viscoat~(R)对细胞的损害程度比Healon~(R)的轻,提示Viscoat~(R)可替代Healon~(R)用于眼科手术。