2型糖尿病的社区管理评估

目的 通过持续一年对同一目标人群社区管理前与进入社区管理后血糖及糖化血红蛋白水平的比确,确定2型糖尿病患者社区管理模式的有效性.方法 将目标人群在纳入社康中心管理前的血糖,糖化血红蛋白测定值作为对照组.将同一目标人群纳入社康中心管理后每月血糖测定结果及每三个月所测糖化血红蛋白结果作为治疗组.结果 通过2型糖尿病的社区管理,糖尿病患者无论在血糖控制水平,24 h血糖波动及糖化血红蛋白水平均与管理前有非常显著性的差异.结论 2型糖尿病是一种慢性病,对该类疾病的跟踪管理比单纯药物治疗更有效,而社康中心是管理这类慢性疾病的合适有效的平台.     

The altering in sensory sensitivity: a current issue of female breast surgery

Breast surgery is an important treatment for women with malignant breast diseases. In addition to breast appearance, the integrity of breast function is increasing in patients with breast diseases. As the basis of breast physiological function, breast skin sensitivity is important to the quality of life of patients after surgery. Breast skin sensitivity gives the patient a “real” breast feeling. The sensory recovery after breast surgery has also become one of the important goals of breast surgery. In this review, we aim to discuss the research progress on recovery of breast skin sensitivity after different treatment modalities for breast disease.     

Contribution Ratio Assessment of Process Parameters on Robotic Milling Performance

Robotic milling has broad application prospects in many processing fields. However, the milling performance of a robot in a certain posture, such as in face milling or grooving tasks, is extremely sensitive to process parameters due to the influence of the serial structure of the robot system. Improper process parameters are prone to produce machining defects such as low surface quality. These deficiencies substantially decrease the further application development of robotic milling. Therefore, this paper selected a certain posture and carried out the robotic flat-end milling experiments on a 7075-T651 high-strength aeronautical aluminum alloy under dry conditions. Milling load, surface quality and vibration were selected to assess the influence of process parameters like milling depth, spindle speed and feed rate on the milling performance. Most notably, the contribution ratio based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was introduced to statistically investigate the relation between parameters and milling performance. The obtained results show that milling depth is highly significant in milling load, which had a contribution ratio of 69.25%. Milling depth is also highly significant in vibration, which had a contribution ratio of 51.41% in the X direction, 41.42% in the Y direction and 75.97% in the Z direction. Moreover, the spindle speed is highly significant in surface roughness, which had a contribution ratio of 48.02%. This present study aims to quantitatively evaluate the influence of key process parameters on robotic milling performance, which helps to select reasonable milling parameters and improve the milling performance of the robot system. It is beneficial to give full play to the advantages of robots and present more possibilities of robot applications in machining and manufacturing.     

Rational Design of a Skin- and Neuro-Attenuated Live Varicella Vaccine: A Review and Future Perspectives

Primary varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection causes varicella, which remains a prominent public health concern in children. Current varicella vaccines adopt the live-attenuated Oka strain, vOka, which retains the ability to infect neurons, establish latency and reactivate, leading to vaccine-associated zoster in some vaccinees. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safer next-generation varicella vaccine to help reduce vaccine hesitancy. This paper reviews the discovery and identification of the skin- and neuro-tropic factor, the open reading frame 7 (ORF7) of VZV, as well as the development of a skin- and neuro-attenuated live varicella vaccine comprising an ORF7-deficient mutant, v7D. This work could provide insights into the research of novel virus vaccines based on functional genomics and reverse genetics.     

硫酸长春新碱传递体的制备及其离体透皮研究

目的:筛选制备硫酸长春新碱传递体(VCR-T)的最佳工艺,预测其作为VCR新制剂的可行性。方法:采用干膜超声法通过正交试验优化制备工艺;激光散射粒径分析仪测量粒径及其分布,透射电镜观察形态,HPLC测定包封率;改良的Franz扩散池进行体外透皮试验。结果:最优处方及工艺:卵磷脂:去氧胆酸钠为70:20,载体:VCR为45:10;pH7.3,水合30min;制备的硫酸长春新碱传递体为淡黄色透明胶体溶液,平均粒径94nm,外形圆整光滑,分布均匀,包封率为90%;以零级速率透过皮肤,24h累积透皮吸收率为63.8%。结论:VCR-T有望成为VCR临床给药的一种新给药系统。     

Regulation of PPAR-γ activity in lipid-laden hepatocytes affects macrophage polarization and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

BACKGROUNDLipid metabolism disorder and inflammatory-immune activation are vital triggers in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Various studies have shown that PPAR-γ exerts potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, little is known about the regulation of PPAR-γ activity in modulating cell crosstalk in NAFLD.AIMTo investigate whether the regulation of PPAR-γ activity in lipid-laden hepatocytes affects macrophage polarization and inflammation.METHODSPrimary hepatocytes were isolated from wild-type C57BL6/J mice or hepatocyte-specific PPAR-γ knockout mice and incubated with free fatty acids (FFAs). Macrophages were incubated with conditioned medium (CM) from lipid-laden hepatocytes with or without a PPAR-γ agonist. Wild-type C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet and administered rosiglitazone.RESULTSPrimary hepatocytes exhibited significant lipid deposition and increased ROS production after incubation with FFAs. CM from lipid-laden hepatocytes promoted macrophage polarization to the M1 type and activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. A PPAR-γ agonist ameliorated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipid-laden hepatocytes and subsequently prevented M1 macrophage polarization. Hepatocyte-specific PPAR-γ deficiency aggravated oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipid-laden hepatocytes, which further promoted M1 macrophage polarization. Rosiglitazone administration improved oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HF diet-induced NAFLD mice in vivo.CONCLUSIONUpregulation of PPAR-γ activity in hepatocytes alleviated NAFLD by modulating the crosstalk between hepatocytes and macrophages via the reactive oxygen species-NLRP3-IL-1β pathway.     

大鼠长期脾虚和热证造模的胃黏膜主细胞超微结构观察

目的模拟慢性病证是动物实验的主要难点。本实验观察比较大鼠长期(26周)脾虚和热证造模动物胃黏膜主细胞的超微结构。方法将Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、脾虚组、热证组。对照组正常饲养26周;脾虚组用耗气破气加饥饱失常法造模26周;热证组灌喂熟附子、肉桂、干姜、女贞子煎剂26周。另取幼年大鼠为幼年组作为对照。实验结束后取胃体后壁组织,透射电镜观察胃黏膜主细胞超微结构。结果对照组主细胞粗面内质网排列基本整齐,部分内质网池略呈小泡状扩张。脾虚组主细胞粗面内质网池扩张,从小泡状至池状之间,甚至呈湖状。胞质内出现髓鞘样小体或髓鞘样结构。热证组主细胞粗面内质网池扩张,呈小泡状,失去正常的同心性层状结构。幼年组主细胞粗面内质网排列比较整齐。结论热证组和脾虚组动物胃黏膜主细胞超微结构均有变化,以脾虚组更为严重。由于实验时间较长,实验结束时大鼠已近1岁龄,所以对照组动物胃黏膜主细胞超微结构也略有衰老改变。     

关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上的摄取特性研究

目的:研究关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上的摄取特性.方法:采用液相色谱质谱联用(LC-MS)测定法,COSMOSIL C18柱(150 mm×2.0mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-水(含0.2％冰乙酸)30∶70,流速0.2 mL· min-1,电喷雾离子化(ES1)方式,采用选择性离子检测法,检测离子为正离子,关附壬素的选择性离子:[M+H],m/z 388.考察了温度、药物浓度、时间和pH对关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上摄取的影响.结果:关附壬素在0.2～50.0μmol·L-1内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9967),最低定量限为0.2 μmol·L-1.关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上的摄取具有一定的浓度、时间和pH依赖性.结论:该方法灵敏、操作简单,选择性强,关附壬素在Caco-2细胞上摄取良好,其摄取表现为被动扩散.