经尿道前列腺电切术围术期血液流变学的变化

目的 从血液流变学角度探讨经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)患者围术期的管理。方法 择期行TURP手术32例，于术前、术中、术毕和术后4h，抽取静脉血检测血液流变学各项指标。结果 低切粘度、血浆粘度、低切还原粘度、中切还原粘度在术毕和术后4h时比术前显著升高；术中、术毕、术后4h与术前比较，红细胞刚性指数增高，变形指数下降。结论 TURP围术期应注意降低血液粘度、保护红细胞。     

A precise and accurate acupoint location obtained on the face using consistency matrix pointwise fusion method

OBJECTIVE: To develop a more precise and accurate method, and identified a procedure to measure whether an acupoint had been correctly located.METHODS: On the face, we used an acupoint location from different acupuncture experts and obtained the most precise and accurate values of acupoint location based on the consistency information fusion algorithm, through a virtual simulation of the facial orientation coordinate system.RESULTS: Because of inconsistencies in each acupuncture expert’s original data, the system error could not be modified using the characteristics ofthe general weight calculation. First, we corrected each expert of acupoint location system error itself,to obtain a rational quantification for each expert of acupuncture and moxibustion acupoint location consistent support degree, to obtain pointwise variable precision fusion results, to put every expert’s acupuncture acupoint location fusion error enhanced to pointwise variable precision. Then, we more effectively used the measured characteristics of different acupuncture expert’s acupoint location, to improve the measurement information utilization efficiency and acupuncture acupoint location precision and accuracy.CONCLUSION: Based on using the consistency matrix pointwise fusion method on the acupuncture experts’ acupoint location values, each expert’s acupoint location information could be calculated, and the most precise and accurate values of each expert’s acupoint location could be obtained.     

钙激活中性蛋白酶-2对整合素β4水解的影响

目的:观察乳腺癌细胞系MCF7细胞中,钙激活中性蛋白酶2(calpain-2)对整合素(integrin)β4水解的影响。方法:利用"短发夹"RNA(shRNA)和微小RNA(mirRNA)技术结合的calpain-2基因沉默(gene silencing)慢病毒质粒(GIPZ lentiviral shRNAmir)转染乳腺癌细胞株MCF7,嘌呤霉素筛选稳定沉默calpain-2基因的细胞株,细胞株传4代,用荧光显微镜观察转染效率,用蛋白质印迹(Western blot)实验检测calpain-2基因沉默效率及integrinβ4水解的情况。结果:嘌呤霉素筛选、细胞传4代,荧光显微镜下观察显示转染和筛选后,EGFP表达阳性的MCF7细胞的比例分别达到(95.6±2.6)%(空shRNAmir载体)、(97.1±1.7)%(Calpain-2 shRNAmir1)和(97.7±0.2)%(Calpain-2 shRNAmir 2),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Western blot结果显示,基因沉默的MCF7细胞中calpain-2的表达被明显抑制,相对于空shRNAmir载体转染的MCF7细胞,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),calpain-2的表达下调到21.5%(Calpain-2 shRNAmir 1)和18.8%(Calpain-2 shRNAmir 2),空shRNAmir载体转染的MCF7细胞中calpain-2的表达与未转染的MCF7细胞比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);比较calpain-2基因沉默和空shRNAmir载体转染的MCF7细胞,发现integrinβ4均被水解,水解片段的分子量主要有200 k D、130和95 k D;calpain-2基因沉默后,calpain-2基因沉默MCF7细胞中200 k D的水解片段比空shRNAmir载体转染的MCF7细胞减少(P<0.01)。结论:在乳腺癌细胞MCF7中,calpain-2可能参与integrinβ4的200 k D片段的形成,从而参与调整integrinβ4的构象变化。     

126例重症药疹住院患者的临床特征及预后

目的：探讨各型重症药疹的临床特点、常见致敏药物及治疗,为重症药疹的合理防治、减少其并发症、 提高治愈率提供参考。方法：对中南大学湘雅医院2009年6月至2017年5月收治的126例重症药疹的临床资料进行回顾 性分析。结果：126例重症药疹中,男女比例为1:1.38;住院时间为(12.7±9.8) d。最常见类型为重症多形红斑型药疹, 最凶险的类型为大疱性表皮松解型药疹,死亡2例。抗生素为本组患者最常见的致敏药物类别;最常见的单一致敏药 物为卡马西平,其次为别嘌呤醇。结论：本地区重症药疹多见于中青年人群,重症多形红斑型药疹为最常见类型, 大疱性表皮松解型药疹病死率最高,药物超敏反应综合征的住院时间最长。及时停用致敏药物,早期足量应用糖皮 质激素,适时联合使用非激素治疗手段如静脉注射免疫球蛋白(intravenous immunogloblin,IVIG)、血浆置换、血液透 析,有助于提高疗效,降低并发症和病死率。     

中医治疗胎动不安的用药规律

目的统计分析中医治疗胎动不安的用药规律,为临床中医治疗胎动不安提供用药参考。方法严格按照标准筛选中医治疗胎动不安的中药处方,采用excel表格对处方基本用药信息进行统计,然后再采用SPSS19. 0软件以中药的功效作为评价指标进行分析,以确定处方中用药味数、用药天数、以及中药的使用频次。并对使用频次前30位的药物进行归类,确定药物使用频次高的特征值、贡献率和综合得分。结果所选取的356例患者中药处方中,平均用药药味数15. 7味,平均剂量226. 7 g,使用频次最高的前5位药分别为菟丝子、桑寄生、续断、白芍、白术; 30味中药通过按照功效可分为5类,所提取的10个主成分能反映系统聚类中的分类结果。结论对中医治疗胎动不安患者处方进行分析,为中医治疗胎动不安提供了用药参考,对指导临床合理用药有重要指导意义。     

96名护理人员生活质量调查分析

目的：了解护理人员的生活质量状况。方法：采用生活质量综合评定问卷对96名护理人员进行测评分析。结果：心理功能对生活质量的影响最大；不同学历、职称和年龄段护理人员的生活质量差异无显著性意义；护理管理人员的生活质量总体评价，社会功能维度，物质生活维度及其住房、社区服务、生活环境、经济状况因子，心理功能维度中的正性情感，认知功能，自尊因子评定均分均高于一般护理人员；其中住房、社区服务、经济状况，人际交往，业余娱乐因子的客观状态在两组间差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05），但在主观满意度方面前者显著高于后者（P＜0．05，P＜0．01）；运动与感觉功能、正性情感、自尊因子的客观状态前者显著高于后者（P＜0．05），但在主观满意度方面差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。结论：一般护理人员在物质生活，社会功能和心理功能方面较护理管理人员面临着更多的问题，护理管理部门在考虑如何提高护理质量与效率时，应注意利用各种激励资源,满足不同职务护理人员的不同需求，提高其生活质量和工作积极性。     

Value of duplex Doppler ultrasonography in renal colic

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to determine the value of duplex Doppler ultrasonography (DDU) in the patients' evolution with renal colic. The study of the resistive index (RI), difference of the RI (ARI) associated with a DDU intravesical recording (ureteral jets) were compared with renographic findings in renal colic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between October 1998 and January 2001 we studied 377 cases with suspected renal colic by intravenous pyelography (IVP), grey-scale ultrasonography and DDU with determination of the RI, the difference between the RI of ipsilateral and contralateral kidneys (ARI) and the amplitude (maximum length of the intravesical ureteral jet), velocity and frequency of the urine bolus. We considered normal values RI < or = 0.70 and ARI < or = 0.06. VP was used as a referee investigation and the ureteral intravesical jets were determined in standard conditions. All patients came to the hospital between 4 and 12 h after the onset of the renal colic. RESULTS: We found four series of patients: 1, acute (complete) obstructed kidney (IVP nonfunctional) and dilatation at normal grey-scale, with normal contralateral kidney (n = 153). In this series we found RI > 0.70 in 87%, RI > 0.06 in 90% and absent ureteral intravesical jet of the obstructed kidney site in 89%; 2, acute (complete) obstructed kidney (IVP nonfunctional) without abnormalities at normal grey-scale, with normal contralateral kidney (n = 57). In this series we found RI > or = 0.70 in 73.5%, deltaRI > 0.06 in 82.5% of patients, absent or asymmetric ureteral intravesical jet in 80.7% of cases; 3, incomplete obstructed kidney (IVP with various degree of ureterohydronephrosis) with normal contralateral kidney (n = 96). In this series we found RI > or = 0.70 in 58.3% and deltaRI > 0.06 in 64.5% of patients, asymmetric ureteral intravesical jets in 74% of cases; 4, normal both kidneys normal IVP) were found in 71 cases (18.8%). In this series we found RI < 0.70 in 80.2%, deltaRI < or = 0.06 in 89% of cases, normal ureteral intravesical jets in 93% of cases. The mean RI was 0.76 (0.05) in 306 obstructed kidneys, significantly higher than the mean RI of 0.62 (0.05) in 448 normal kidneys (P < 0.001). The ARI in patients with obstruction was significantly higher than in patients with normal both kidneys, at 0.08 (0.05) and -0.001 (0.03), respectively (P < 0.001). The RI was sensitive in 75.5% and specific in 92.5% and ARI was sensitive in 80.7% and specific in 95.7% (versus IVP, considered the referee value). The presence of the intravesical ureteral jets of the renal colic side, associated with the values of RI (RI < or = 0.70) and deltaRI (deltaRI < or = 0.06), was followed by spontaneous passage of the stones in 71% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Renal DDU and consecutively, intravesical evaluation of ureteral jets could detect acute renal obstruction and, as a functional investigation, could have a predictive value regarding the ureteral stones passage. It could replace the IVP, being a sensitive and highly specific test.     

Migration of a broken Kirschner pin into thoracic spinal canal 4 years following internal fixation of a clavicle fracture

Fractures of the clavicle are common injuries and some of them need open reduction and internal fixation. As one of economical and practical implants, Kirschner pins (K-pins) are widely employed to treat clavicle fractures through percutaneous fixation in minimal invasion. However, as one of rare and severe complications, K-pins migrations to ascending aorta, thorax, spine and neck have been published previously. Here, a case of migration of a broken K-pin to thoracic spinal canal 4 years following internal fixation of a clavicle fracture is reported, and concerning attention in clinical practice is discussed.     

Efficacy of maximal androgen blockade versus castration alone in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer： a retrospective clinical experience from a Chinese medical centre

In this retrospective study, we evaluated and compared the efficacy and toxicities of maximal androgen blockade （MAB） versus castration alone in Chinese patients with advanced prostate cancer. From 1996 to 2004, 608 patients with advanced prostate cancer were included in the study. Patients were retrospectively divided into two groups according to different therapeutic regimens. Of the 608 patients, 300 patients were treated with MAB （castration plus nonsteroidal antiandrogens） and the remaining 308 were treated with castration alone. The 2- and 5-year overall survival rates of these patients were 73.7% and 56%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, MAB was associated with not only the improvement of progression-free survival （PFS） （increased by 10 months） but also a 20.6% reduction in mortality risk compared with castration alone. In contrast, the efficacy of MAB was not superior to castration alone for patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Interestingly, among patients with MAB, those using bicalutamide had a longer PFS than those using flutamide; this was especially so in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Almost all of the toxicities due to the hormone therapy were mild to moderate and manageable. To conclude, in China, hormone therapies, including MAB and castration alone, have been standard treatments for advanced prostate cancer. For patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer, castration alone might be adequately practical and efficient. In patients with metastatic prostate cancer, however, MAB has superior efficacy over castration alone. It is clear that MAB should be considered the first-line standard treatment for patients with metastatic prostate cancer.     

黄芪对ESWL致兔肾损伤后缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响

目的探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）在ESWL致肾脏损伤中的作用及黄芪是否通过调节HIF-1α的表达而发挥对肾脏的保护作用。方法45只家兔随机分为对照组、ESWL损伤组和黄芪治疗组,每组15只,除对照组外,所有动物接受ESWL处理（18kV,1 500次）。黄芪治疗组家兔于冲击前3d至后2d,每天注射黄芪注射液2.0g/kg。2周后处死家兔,取肾脏HE染色观察肾组织形态学改变,免疫组织化学染色观察HIF-1α在肾脏中的表达。结果ESWL处理后肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、脱落,小管内可见大量管型,肾间质大量炎细胞浸润;黄芪治疗组以上病变显著减轻。ESWL损伤组HIF-1α显著表达于肾小管上皮细胞及间质,黄芪能够明显抑制HIF-1α的表达。结论HIF-1α参与了ESWL对肾脏的损伤,黄芪可能通过抑制HIF-1α的表达发挥对肾脏的保护作用。