人腹主动脉分支部内膜增龄性变化的超微结构

为探讨年龄与动脉粥样硬化发生发展的关系 ,选取出生 1日至 77岁之间各年龄段尸体解剖例的腹主动脉与肠系膜下动脉之分支部 30例 ,用透射电镜观察其血流分流处尖端与分支部近心端侧壁内膜的增龄性变化。结果发现 ,随着年龄增加 ,血流分流处尖端的内膜厚度无明显变化 ,平滑肌细胞由合成型变为收缩型 ,且数量减少 ,无一例动脉粥样硬化病变 ;而分支部近心端侧壁内膜随年龄增大而增厚 ,平滑肌细胞多保持合成状态 ,数量略增 ,出现脂质沉积、水肿等不同程度的动脉粥样硬化。提示分支部近心端侧壁内膜的增龄性变化是其易发生动脉粥样硬化病变的形态学基础 ,很可能与此处的血流动力学状态有关     

高血压病患者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞钙激活钾通道变化及前列腺素E_1对通道活性的影响

目的　探讨高血压病患者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞钙激活钾 (KCa)变化及前列腺素 (PG)E1 对通道活性的影响。方法　用酶消化法获取血管平滑肌细胞 ,以膜片钳技术检测KCa通道的活性 ,通过Pclamp专用软件实时采样记录其平均开放时间 (To) ,平均关闭时间 (Tc) ,平均开放概率 (Po)等。然后分别加入不同浓度的Ca2 +(10 - 8、10 - 7、10 - 6mol L)及PGE1 (10、2 0、40、10 0、2 0 0、40 0nmol L)后 ,再观察上述参数变化。结果　高血压病组肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞KCa通道活性显著高于非高血压组 ,加入Ca2 +后 ,两组KCa通道均被明显激活 ,与加Ca2 +前比较 ,非高血压组Po增加了 18.4倍 ,而高血压病组Po仅增加了 1.7倍。PGE1 可使高血压病患者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞KCa通道To延长 ,Tc缩短 ,Po增加。结论　高血压病患者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞KCa通道活性明显高于非高血压者 ,但对Ca2 +的敏感性降低 ,PGE1 可明显激活高血压病患者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞KCa通道。     

Comprehensive human genome amplification using multiple displacement amplification

Fundamental to most genetic analysis is availability of genomic DNA of adequate quality and quantity. Because DNA yield from human samples is frequently limiting, much effort has been invested in developing methods for whole genome amplification (WGA) by random or degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR. However, existing WGA methods like degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR suffer from incomplete coverage and inadequate average DNA size. We describe a method, termed multiple displacement amplification (MDA), which provides a highly uniform representation across the genome. Amplification bias among eight chromosomal loci was less than 3-fold in contrast to 4-6 orders of magnitude for PCR-based WGA methods. Average product length was >10 kb. MDA is an isothermal, strand-displacing amplification yielding about 20-30 microg product from as few as 1-10 copies of human genomic DNA. Amplification can be carried out directly from biological samples including crude whole blood and tissue culture cells. MDA-amplified human DNA is useful for several common methods of genetic analysis, including genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms, chromosome painting, Southern blotting and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, subcloning, and DNA sequencing. MDA-based WGA is a simple and reliable method that could have significant implications for genetic studies, forensics, diagnostics, and long-term sample storage.     

Effects of collagen solution on the prevention of acute gastric mucosa injuryin rats

AIM To investigate the effects of collagen solution on the prevention of acute gastric mucosal injury inrestricted rats inflicted by cooling in low temperature (4℃),METHODS Thirty healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal (N, n = 10),injury (I, n = 10)and prevention (P, n = 10) groups. The rats were fasted for 48 h but free access to water without restrictionand cooling in normal group, fasted for 48 h but free access to water with restriction of rats onto the fixationframe for cooling in 4℃ for 4 h, so to cause stress injury of gastric mucosal membrane in I group and fed with3 mL of collagen solution 30min before injury in P group in addition to the procedures in I grobp. Gastricmucosal potential difference, blood flow volume, content of nitrite (NO2-) and hydrogen ion concentration(H+ ) in gastric juice were determined under aneasthesia at 48 h after fast in N group and at 4 h after injuryin I and P groups to evaluate the degree of injury (injury index).RESULTS Gastric mucosal potential difference was 22.10±5.27 in N group and 11.46±5.25 in I groupwith obvious difference (P<0.01), but 16.98±4.84 in P group which was remarkably improved whencompared to that in I group. Gastric mucosal blood flow volume was 23.65±10.65 in I group and 57.20±11.75 in N group with evident difference (P<0.01), but 37.49±5.87 in P group with sound effects incontrast to that in I group (P<0.01). Gastric injury index was 18.40±8.35 in I group and 7.9±2.13 in Pgroup with significant difference (P<0.01). Hydrogenion concentration in gastric juice was 118.0±41.2mmol/L in N group, 186.9±74.7 mmol/L in I group and 96.4±57.2 mmol/L in P group with prominentdifference (P< 0.01 ) between those in I and P group. Gastric mucosal nitrite concentration was 1.15±0.46in N group, 0.69±0.15 in I group and 1.04±0.44 in P group with obvious differences between N and Igroups (P<0.01) and between I and P group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION Ischemic and hypoxic injury of gastric mucosal due to low blood perfusion during restrictionand cooling injury at 4℃ was supposed to be an important factor in inducing gastric mucosal stress injury. Butcollagen solution could maintain the integrity of gastric mucosal barrier, buffer gastric acid, promotethrombocytic agglutination and ameliorate direct injury to gastric mucosa caused by various factors.     

低硒低维生素E诱导肝细胞凋亡及cAMP和细胞内Ca2+的作用

目的 研究低硒（Ｓｅ）低维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）能否诱导大鼠肝细胞凋亡及ｃＡＭＰ和细胞内Ｃａ＾２＋所起的作用。方法 以天然的和人工半合成的低Ｓｅ低ＶＥ饲料喂养大鼠１７周,采用流式细胞术检测肝细胞凋亡,采用放免法检测ｃＡＭＰ含量,Ｆｕｒａ－２负载荧光分光光度法测定细胞内Ｃａ＾２＋含量。结果 与补Ｓｅ和ＶＥ组大鼠相比,低Ｓｅ低ＶＥ组大鼠肝细胞凋亡显著增加;ｃＡＭＰ含量明显升高;细胞内Ｃａ＾２＋含量明显升高。结     

减少样本数的Bergman最小模型技术在胰岛素抵抗综合征中？…

目的 研究单纯性肥胖、糖耐量减退（ＩＧＴ）和２型糖尿病（ＤＭ）患者胰岛素抵抗的发病机制。方法 用减少样本数的Ｂｅｒｇｍａｎ最小模型技术结合多样本静脉葡萄糖耐量试验分别测定正常人、单纯性肥胖、ＩＧＴ和２型ＤＭ患者胰岛素敏感性指数（ＳＩ）、葡萄糖自身代谢效能（ＳＧ）及胰岛β细胞分泌功能,同时测定体重指数（ＢＭＩ）和腰臀比（ＷＨＲ）。结果 正常组的ＳＩ和ＳＧ均明显高于ＩＧＴ和２型ＤＭ组,但与肥胖组相比,     

炎症后内脏高敏感大鼠前扣带回皮质NR2A、NR2B表达变化

背景:研究显示N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体参与了伤害性信号的传递,中枢前扣带回皮质(ACC)在内脏高敏感大鼠内脏疼痛反应的调节中起重要作用,该作用是由NMDA受体活性增强介导的。目的:检测炎症后内脏痛觉过敏大鼠ACC区域NMDA受体亚基NR2A、NR2B的表达变化,探讨两者在炎症后内脏高敏感形成中的作用。方法:以去氧胆酸结肠灌注建立炎症后内脏痛觉过敏大鼠模型。造模3周后观察实验组和对照组结肠组织病理学改变,以对结直肠扩张(CRD)的内脏运动反射(VMR)幅值为指标评价内脏痛敏感性的变化,以免疫荧光法和蛋白质印迹法检测ACC区域NR2A、NR2B表达情况。结果:实验组和对照组大鼠结肠组织均未见明显病理学改变。CRD压力为60 mm Hg(伤害性刺激)时,实验组VMR幅值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。与对照组相比,实验组ACC区域NR2A、NR2B荧光强度和蛋白表达量均显著上调(P0.05)。结论:ACC区域NMDA受体亚基NR2A、NR2B表达上调在炎症后内脏高敏感的形成中发挥重要作用。     

Cell-autonomous activation of the PI3-kinase pathway initiates endometrial cancer from adult uterine epithelium

Epithelial-specific activation of the PI3-kinase pathway is the most common genetic alteration in type I endometrial cancer. In the majority of these tumors, PTEN expression is lost in the epithelium but maintained in tumor stroma. Currently reported PTEN knockout mouse models initiate type I endometrial cancer concomitant with loss of PTEN in both uterine epithelium and stroma. Consequently, the biologic outcome of selectively activating the PI3-kinase pathway in the endometrial epithelium remains unknown. To address this question, we established a malleable in vivo endometrial regeneration system from dissociated murine uterine epithelium and stroma. Regenerated endometrial glands responded to pharmacologic variations in hormonal milieu similar to the native endometrium. Cell-autonomous activation of the PI3-kinase pathway via biallelic loss of PTEN or activation of AKT in adult uterine epithelia in this model was sufficient to initiate endometrial carcinoma. AKT-initiated tumors were serially transplantable, demonstrating permanent genetic changes in uterine epithelia. Immunohistochemistry confirmed loss of PTEN or activation of AKT in regenerated hyperplastic glands that were surrounded by wild-type stroma. We demonstrate that cell-autonomous activation of the PI3-kinase pathway is sufficient for the initiation of endometrial carcinoma in naive adult uterine epithelia. This in vivo model provides an ideal platform for testing the response of endometrial carcinoma to targeted therapy against this common genetic alteration.     

ProSeal喉罩对老年乳腺癌根治术患者全身麻醉苏醒期的影响

目的 比较ProSeal喉罩和气管导管在全身麻醉(全麻)苏醒期对老年乳腺癌根治术患者的影响.方法 美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级、择期在全麻下行乳腺癌根治术的老年女性患者30例,随机分为2组,ProSeal喉罩组(喉罩组,15例)与气管导管组(导管组,15例).全麻后喉罩组放置ProSeal喉罩,导管组为气管插管.记录两组患者入室后5min(T0)、手术结束(T1)、呼唤睁眼(T2)、拔除导管或喉罩后即刻(T3)、拔除导管或喉罩后3min(T4)时的心率、收缩压、舒张压;记录全麻苏醒期使用降压药的例数,呛咳、烦躁及拔除导管或喉罩后咽痛、恶心、呕吐发生率.结果 喉罩组在T2点血压、心率[(140.2±8.7)mm Hg、(77.1±7.4)次/min]仅轻度增高,与T0[(134.8±12.6)mm Hg、(71.5±8.8)次/min]比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但在T3点血压、心率[(143.3±8.5)mm Hg、(81.7±6.8)次/min]升高与T0比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).导管组在T2和T3时点,血压、心率[(146.5±13.5)mm Hg、(85.7±6.6)次/min和(151.4±11.7)mm Hg、(95.3±6.8)次/min]较T0[(132.1±12.1)mm Hg、(70.3±8.0)次/min]均明显增加(P＜0.05),在T3点达最高峰.在T2、T3时点,喉罩组的血压、心率增加程度明显小于导管组(P＜0.05).喉罩组患者苏醒时使用降压药、呛咳、咽痛的例数明显少于导管组(P＜0.05);而拔管后烦躁、恶心、呕吐等并发症发生率,两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 老年乳腺癌根治术患者使用ProSeal喉罩,明显减少麻醉苏醒期并发症的发生,有利于老年患者的麻醉安全.     

中老年人血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平与代谢综合征的相关性研究

目的 研究中老年人血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平与代谢综合征的相关性.方法 对上海市宝山区友谊街道1 664名40岁以上居民进行问卷调查、体格检查以及空腹采血检测肝肾功能、血糖及血脂等生化指标.代谢综合征采用按照亚洲人特点改良的美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗组第三次报告(NCEP-ATP Ⅲ)诊断标准.结果 研究对象各主要代谢指标均随着ALT水平的升高而逐渐趋向恶化.代谢综合征的患病率从第一个ALT四分位至第四个ALT四分位分别为29.2%、38.0%、44.9%和62.9%(组间趋势P<0.01).血清ALT水平与代谢综合征及其多个组分的患病风险之间存在显著的剂量一反应关系.相比ALT水平在第一个四分位的研究对象,ALT水平在第四个四分位的研究对象代谢综合征患病风险增加146%,中心性肥胖风险增加204%,高血压风险增加35%,高甘油三酯风险增加133%,高血糖风险增加72%.另外,随着代谢综合征组分个数的增加,ALT水平显著上升(组间趋势P<0.01).结论 中老年人血清ALT水平升高增加代谢综合征的患病风险.