Perceived health and functional status among spouse caregivers of frail older persons

This national interview study examined the health impact of caring for frail elders in a sample of 437 spouse caregivers. The principal findings were that (a) caregiver emotional strain was the strongest common predictor of both poor perceived health and functional limitations, (b) wife caregivers' poor health was associated with care recipients' perceived unmet needs and increased depression, (c) husband caregivers' poor health status was predicted by longer caregiving duration, and (d) non-White wife caregivers reported poorer perceived health than did their White counterparts.     

4R问题分析法结合反向教学在小儿手术室护理教学中的应用

目的 探讨4R问题分析法结合反向教学在小儿手术室护理教学中的应用。方法 本研究将2020年8月至2022年8月分配到湖南省儿童医院手术室实习的护生480人作为研究对象,按进科先后顺序分为对照组和观察组,每组240人。对照组采用传统教学,观察组采用4R问题分析法结合反向教学。实习结束后比较两组实习护生的综合能力考核成绩、护理教学认可度及教学满意度。采用SPSS 22.0进行t检验和卡方检验。结果 观察组实习护生理论知识、基本护理技能、手术室专科护理技能及综合护理技能考核成绩得分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组实习护生护理教学认可度明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。两组实习护生教学满意度比较差异有统计学意义（χ²=118.35,P<0.001）。结论 4R问题分析法结合反向教学可有效提高小儿手术室实习护生的护理教学质量和教学满意度,使实习护生更好地掌握理论和实践技能。     

良性增生前列腺组织中鸟氨酸脱羧酶基因表达的研究

为探讨鸟氨酸脱羧酶（ＯＤＣ）基因表达与前列腺良性增生的关系,采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹和ＲＮＡ斑点杂交技术,测定分析了正常人（１０例）和良性前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）病人（１５例）前列腺组织中ＯＤＣｍＲＮＡ的丰度。结果显示,良性增生前列腺组织中ＯＤＣｍＲＮＡ丰度较正常前列腺组织显著升高。经密度扫描测定结果显示,Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹分析中ＢＰＨ前列腺组织中ＯＤＣｍＲＮＡ丰度约为对照组的６～２０倍,斑点杂交为５倍以上。提示ＯＤＣ基因表达增强在良性前列腺增生症形成中起重要作用     

膀胱癌上皮细胞粘附分子蛋白表达的意义

目的 探讨上皮细胞粘附分子（Ｅ－ＣＤ）表达情况对判断膀胱癌恶性程度、复发及预后的意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法对５４例膀胱癌标本中Ｅ－ＣＤ的表达情况进行研究。结果Ｅ－Ｃ原表达情况与膀胱癌的病理分级、分期均有密切关系。（ｘ＾２＝６．６５,Ｐ〈０．０５,Ｘ＾２＝７．１５,Ｐ〈０．０１）。Ｅ－ＣＤ的的民光癌的近期昨发及不良预后有关。（Ｘ＾２＝４．８８,Ｐ〈０．０５;Ｌｏｎｇ－Ｒａｎｋ ｔｅｓｔ;ｘ＾２     

上海市居民吸烟与癌症及有关疾病十年前瞻性研究

目的探讨上海市民吸烟与癌症及有关疾病的关系。方法８０年代初在上海市区、市郊和郊县开展了居民吸烟状况的横断面调查。至１９９４年年底,市区研究对象随访了１２年,郊区研究对象随访了１１年。本次研究分析了４０岁以上研究对象的随访资料,并用Ｐｏｉｓｏｎ回归模型估计吸烟因素的年龄调整相对危险度及其９５％可信区间。结果市区分析结果表明,男女性吸烟者全死因的相对危险度分别为１．４８、１．６２。而所有癌症死亡的相对危险度男性为２．２０,女性为２．００。相对危险度有统计学意义的癌症部位是肺癌、肝癌、食管癌（男）、胃癌（男）、胰腺癌（男）、膀胱癌（男）。脑血管疾病、慢性支气管炎、肺气肿和肺心病的相对危险度也见显著升高。市郊和郊县的结果与市区类似。我们估计了三个地区吸烟对男性某些疾病的归因危险度（ＰＡＲ）,所有死因吸烟的ＰＡＲ（％）三地分别为２０．９、１８．９、１６．３,所有癌症三地吸烟的ＰＡＲ（％）分别为４０．０、３４．５、３４．２,肺癌三地吸烟的ＰＡＲ（％）分别为７１．７、５９．２、６４．７。结论吸烟与一些癌症、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病、肺原性心脏病及脑血管病等的死亡有关     

Emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci at a university hospital in Taiwan: persistence of multiple species and multiple clones.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in a university hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. DESIGN: Retrospective review over a 27-month period, from March 1996 to May 1998. SETTING: A tertiary-care teaching hospital in Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with VRE isolated from any body site. METHODS: Patients were identified through hospital microbiology and infection control records. Patient charts were reviewed for clinical and epidemiology data, including age, gender, previous hospital admissions, underlying diseases, types of infection, and recent antibiotic use. VRE isolates were characterized by their typical biochemical reactions, cellular fatty acid profiles, and the presence of van genes. Antibiotypes using the E-test and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns of these isolates were used to determine the clonality. RESULTS: Twenty-five isolates of VRE recovered from 12 patients were identified. One patient with a perianal abscess had 12 isolates of VRE (4 Enterococcus faecalis, 7 Enterococcus faecium, and 1 Enterococcus casseliflavus) recovered from perianal lesions. Among 3 patients who were hospitalized in the same room, 1 had a community-acquired cellulitis over the left leg caused by E. faecalis, and the other 2 patients both had anal colonization with 2 isolates of E. faecalis. The other 8 patients had 1 E. faecalis isolate each from various clinical specimens. All isolates possessed vanA resistance phenotype and vanA genes. Different antibiotypes and RAPD patterns of the isolates from different patients excluded the possibility of nosocomial spread at the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple species of VRE (E. faecalis, E. faecium, and E. casseliflavus) and multiple clones of E. faecium could colonize or infect hospitalized patients. In addition, clones of VRE can persist long-term in patients' lower gastrointestinal tracts. These results extend our knowledge of the coexistence and the persistence of multiple species and multiple clones of VRE in hospitalized patients.     

YC-1 potentiates the antiplatelet effect of hydrogen peroxide via sensitization of soluble guanylate cyclase.

In the present study, we showed that 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1), a nitric oxide (NO)-independent activator of soluble guanylate cyclase, could potentiate H2O2-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation and increase of platelet cGMP levels. The synergistic effect of YC-1 and H2O2 on platelet aggregation and increases of cGMP were almost completely prevented by catalase and a selective soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), or partially attenuated by the hydroxyl radical scavenger mannitol. In contrast, superoxide dismutase failed to influence H2O2/YC-1-induced inhibition of aggregation. Furthermore, YC-1 could enhance the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase caused by FeSO4/H2O2 and, this effect was prevented markedly by mannitol. These results suggest that YC-1 may enhance the antiaggregatory effect of H2O2 via the sensitization of platelet soluble guanylate cyclase. In addition, this phenomenon is, at least in part, dependent on H2O2-derived hydroxyl radical.     

Aggregation inhibitory activity of minor acetophenones from Paeonia species

Two minor acetophenones, 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone (2) and 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methylacetophenone (7) from Paeonia species were found to selectively inhibit the aggregation of rabbit platelets induced by arachidonic acid. They were more potent than the major compound, paeonol (1), and 7 also inhibited the formation of TXA2 and PGD2 from arachidonic acid.     

Production of ginkgolides and bilobalide by Ginkgo biloba plants and tissue cultures

The accumulation of the terpenes ginkgolides and bilobalide in Ginkgo biloba was reported in plants as well as in plant cell cultures. Several hundred plants cultivated under controlled conditions in the field have been analyzed for their terpene production over many years. Cross-pollination experiments were performed with mature trees and the terpene content of the progeny was analyzed. The age of the tree is the main factor influencing the terpene content of the leaves as the level always decreases dramatically between young and old trees. 80 cell culture strains have been established and ginkgolides analyzed by GC/MS. These cell cultures reveal very low amounts of terpenes (1 microgram g-1 D.W. or less). On the contrary, isolated in vitro root cultures accumulate terpenes at the same concentration as the young plant leaves (4 mg g-1 D.W.). Attempts to obtain rapid growing roots or even hairy-roots did not succeed but the possibility to transform Ginkgo cell strains has been demonstrated.