Safety and efficiency of interventional pulmonologists performing percutaneous tracheostomy

Background: The steady rise in the number of critically ill patients in the USA has led to an increase in the need for tracheostomies in patients requiring chronic ventilatory support. There is a matched need for experienced operators to safely and efficiently perform these procedures. Objectives: We evaluated the effects on procedural outcomes and efficiency of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) placement in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) by the surgical team (ST) or interventional pulmonologists (IP). The IP team joined the PDT team in September 2007 and became primarily responsible for all PDT in the MICU. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients who received PDT in the MICU by ST and IP from September 2007 to August 2010 was made. Outcomes including safety, efficacy, and procedural efficiency were compared. Results: One hundred seven patients underwent bedside PDT in the MICU during this period. Forty-three procedures (40.2%) were performed by the ST and 64 procedures (59.8%) were performed by IP. There was no statistical difference between the incidence of airway injury and infection between the two procedural groups. There were no deaths related to the performance of PDT in our series. PDT was completed within 48 h of request in 100% of IP patients and 95% of ST patients (p = 0.08). Conclusions: There were no statistical differences in PDT between the ST and IP groups when comparing complications. There was a trend towards an increased efficiency in time to PDT after consultation within the IP PDT group. Trained IP can safely and effectively perform PDT.     

前哨淋巴结活检判断口腔癌颈部淋巴结转移的系统评价

目的:系统评价前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)预测口腔癌颈淋巴结转移的临床价值。方法:通过计算机检索CENTRAL、Medline、EMBASE、IFCC、中国生物医学文献数据库系统(CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中文科技期刊全文数据库(CQVIP)、万方数据库等,收集应用前哨淋巴结活检判断口腔癌颈淋巴转移的诊断试验,应用统计软件Meta-DiSc 1.4进行数据分析。结果:纳入分析的文献9篇,前哨淋巴结活检判断口腔癌颈淋巴转移的敏感度、特异度、阳性似然比(+LR)、阴性似然比(-LR)、诊断优势比(DOR)及系统接收操作特性曲线(SROC)下面积分别为84%(95%CI 73%～92%)、100%(95%CI97%～100%)、19.16(95%CI 7.65～47.77)、0.22(95%CI 0.10～0.51)、97.72(95%CI 29.69～321.61)和0.99。结论:前哨淋巴结活检可作为临床上判断口腔癌颈淋巴结转移有效可行的方法。     

头颈部侵袭性纤维瘤9例及文献复习

目的:探讨头颈部侵袭性纤维瘤的临床表现、病理特征、治疗方式及预后.方法:根据2005年世界卫生组织的肿瘤类指导原则,回顾性分析2008 ～ 2012年间收治9例头颈部侵袭性纤维瘤的临床资料并复习相关文献.结果:发病部位以颈部(3例)、下颌下区(2例)最为常见,其次是上颌骨、颧部、眶下区、腮腺各1例,对9例患者都实施手术切除,4例患者因肿瘤已侵犯头颈部重要结构,无法获得阴性切缘,其中1例患者发生恶变,接受放射治疗,另2例术后未接受综合治疗,术后复发,所有病例无远处转移,随访时间为6 ～51个月.结论:头颈部侵袭性纤维瘤诊断主要依靠术后病理,彻底手术切除是治疗并减少复发的主要手段,对于复发或难以完整切除的病例可配合放化疗,且术后长时间密切随访.     

Pregnancy among residents enrolled in general surgery: a nationwide survey of attitudes and experiences

Background

Medical student interest in general surgery has declined, and the lack of adequate accommodation for pregnancy and parenting during residency training may be a deterrent. We explored resident and program director experiences with these issues in general surgery programs across Canada.

Methods

Using a web-based tool, residents and program directors from 16 Canadian general surgery programs were surveyed regarding their attitudes toward and experiences with pregnancy during residency.

Results

One hundred seventy-six of 600 residents and 8 of 16 program directors completed the survey (30% and 50% response rate, respectively). Multiple issues pertaining to pregnancy during surgical residency were reported including the lack of adequate policies for maternity/parenting, the major obstacles to breast-feeding, and the increased workload for fellow resident colleagues. All program directors reported the lack of a program-specific maternity/parenting policy.

Conclusions

General surgery programs lack program-specific maternity/parenting policies. Several issues have been highlighted in this study emphasizing the importance of creating and implementing such a policy.     

动态心电图对体表心电图P-R间期延长的诊断价值

目的 探讨动态心电图对体表心电图P．R间期延长的诊断价值,分析P—R间期延长的临床意义和预后。方法选择2008年1月至2011年8月在昆明医学院第二附属医院住院和门诊心电图有P-R间期延长的患者90例为研究对象．监测其动态心电图。分析P．R间期的变化及阵发性心房颤动、房室结双径路传导、第二度I型房室阻滞、间歇性左右束支阻滞4类心律失常。并且根据P—R间期延长程度分为3组,对比其与上述4类心律失常的关系。结果动态心动图结果中伴发第二度I型房室阻滞2l例（23．33％）、房室结双径路传导17例（18．89％）、间歇性左右束支阻滞9例（10％）、阵发性心房颤动7例（7．78％）。在所有的患者中,P．R间期延长伴发上述4类心律失常发生率为60％。心电图结果中,P-R间期延长50例,显著延长29例,过度延长11例。动态心动图结果中。P。R间期延长32例,显著延长38例,过度延长20例。结论P—R间期延长不应均视为良性和无须干预的心律失常,相反,需要进行进一步动态心动图监测及电生理检查和追踪观察,争取早期发现病变、消除病变,为临床早期诊断、早期治疗提供辅助手段。     

住院患者入院时血糖水平与医疗费用、疾病预后的相关研究

目的探讨住院患者人院时不同血糖水平与住院时间、医疗费用及疾病预后的关系。方法选取2009年11月至2011年7月期间人院的4868例患者,按入院24h内测得的血糖水平分为非高血糖组3429例、高血糖组1439例,后者包括糖尿病和应激性高血糖患者;根据患者年龄分为非老年组（年龄〈60岁）2532例和老年组（年龄≥60岁）2336例;其中278例冠心病患者再分为高血糖组120例和非高血糖组158例。各组间进行有关数据比较。结果高血糖组患者的住院天数、医疗费用和总病死率均显著高于非高血糖组（中位数住院日：15vs10d,P〈0．01;中位数医疗费用：14064．7vs8980．9元,P〈0．01;死亡率：2．92％vs0．61％,P〈0．01）。按年龄分组后,无论是非老年组还是老年组中糖尿病和应激性高血糖患者的医疗费用均明显高于非高血糖患者,住院日明显延长;应激性高血糖患者的医疗费用明显高于糖尿病患者;非老年组中应激性高血糖患者的死亡率明显高于非高血糖患者,但与糖尿病患者相比无明显差异,老年组糖尿病和应激性高血糖患者的死亡率无明显差异,但均明显高于非高血糖患者。冠心病患者中糖尿病和应激性高血糖患者与非高血糖患者的年龄无明显差异,前两组的医疗费用明显高于非高血糖组,住院日更长（分别为14,15和12d）、死亡率更高（分别为6．41％,7．14％和0．63％）。结论入院时高血糖水平预示患者有更高的医疗花费、更长的住院时间和更高的死亡率。     

室壁应力与应变的关系评价高血压病左室收缩功能

目的　探索用室壁应力 (stress)与应变 (strain)的关系评价高血压病左室收缩功能的临床价值。方法　研究对象为 5 5例高血压病患者和 3 0例健康人。应用超声心动图计算左室射血分数 (EF)、心指数 (CI)、重量指数 (LVMI)和相对室壁厚度 (RWT) ,并联合袖带肱动脉血压值计算左心室收缩期室壁经线峰值应力 (Pσm)。根据LVMI和RWT将高血压病分为左室正常构型和左室重构两组。在数字化超声工作站中应用定量组织速度成像 (QTVI)获取左室前壁心肌 2个节段长轴应变曲线和峰值收缩应变值 (PSS)。结果　①以EF ,CI表示的心脏收缩功能 ,在高血压病左室正常构型组值中无明显变化 ;而在高血压病左室重构组中下降 ,差异具有极显著意义 (P <0 .0 1)。②Pσm在高血压病两组中较对照组均有增高 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ,两组间比较差异具有极显著意义 (P <0 .0 1)。③高血压病两组左室前壁基底段 (Bas)和中段 (Mid)的 pSS值均显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,两组间比较差异具有极显著意义 (P <0 .0 1)。④直线相关分析结果显示高血压病两组Pσm与PSSBas和PSSMid均呈显著负相关。根据正常构型组Pσm与PSSBas直线回归方程计算 ,在相同Pσm水平 ,左室重构组PSSBas的实测值显著低于预测值及实测值与预测值的比值较正常构型组显著下降 ,差