大鼠肾组织血小板衍生的生长因子与肾炎发病的关系

用免疫细胞化学方法研究了大鼠肾毒血清肾炎（ｎｅｐｈｒｏｔｏｉｘｃｎｅｐｈｒｉｔｉｓ，ＮＩＮ）发病头７天肾组织中血小板衍生的生长因子（ｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔ－ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＰＤＧＦ）增生细胞核抗原（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｎｃｅｌｌｎｕｃｌｅａｒａｎｉｇｅｎ，ＰＣＮＡ）和单核／巨噬细胞的变化以及检测这些细胞之间及其与肾功能之间的相关性。结果表明，ＮＴＮ大鼠发病第１天，肾小球内未能检     

Prevalence factors associated with Hypertension in Rukungiri District,Uganda - A Community-Based Study

Background

Hypertension is a growing public health problem in Uganda and Africa as a whole. We conducted a study to determine the prevalence and identify factors associated withy hypertension among residents of the rural district of Rukungiri, Uganda.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study design was used to conduct this study. Between January and February 2006, a random sample of consenting district residents, aged 20 years or older were enrolled to participate in this study. Trained research assistants administered a standardized questionnaire and performed the physical measurements. The questionnaire collected data on demographics, social economic and exposure history to various potential risk factors for hypertension. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) equal or greater than 140mmHg and/or diastolic BP equal or greater than 90mmHg, and/or being on regular anti-hypertensive therapy. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with hypertension.

Results

Of the 842 study participants, 252 were hypertensive. The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was 30.5%, with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of 26.6 – 34.3%. Factors found to be associated with hypertension included: past alcohol use, Odds Ratio (OR)=2.28, [1.42 – 3.64], present alcohol use OR=1.64 [1.12 – 2.43], being overweight OR=1.95 [1.37 – 2.79], obesity OR=5.07 [2.79 – 9.21], female sex OR=1.44 [1.03 – 2.06], having attained tertiary education OR=1.91 [1.03 – 3.56], and older age OR=1.42 [1.27 – 1.59]).

Conclusion

The prevalence of hypertension in this rural Ugandan district is relatively high. The findings confirm the growing concern about hypertension as a public health problem in Uganda. More studies are however required to determine the distribution and determinants of hypertension in other parts of the country.     

The impact of familial environment on depression scores after genetic testing for cancer susceptibility

The associations between characteristics of family relationships and family trends in cancer worry and the psychological adjustment of recipients of genetic testing for cancer susceptibility were investigated. Data provided by 178 individuals from 24 families with Lynch syndrome who participated in a cohort study investigating psychological and behavioral outcomes of genetic testing were used. Responses from multiple family members were aggregated to construct family trends representing norms and departure from norms in cancer worry. Lower perceived family cohesion at baseline and decrease in this variable at 6 months after receipt of test results were associated with higher depression scores at 12 months. More variability in cancer worry among family members at baseline was also associated with higher depression scores at 12 months. Increase in family conflict was associated with decrease in depression scores among individuals from families with higher levels of cancer worry on average and less variability among the members. Family relationships and family trends in levels of cancer worry may play important roles in the psychological adjustment of genetic test recipients. The findings highlight the complexity of familial environment surrounding individuals that undergo genetic testing and suggest the benefits of considering these factors when providing genetic services.     

039 当归对高剪切应力致血管内皮细胞ICAM-1分布异常的逆转作用

目的: 一定程度的剪切应力对于维持血管的正常结构和功能十分重要, 但过高的剪切应力会导致血管内皮细胞ICAM-1的分布和表达异常. 当归是传统的活血化瘀中药, 对于某些血流动力学异常的心脑血管疾病具有肯定的疗效. 本实验研究当归对高剪切应力作用下血管内皮细胞ICAM-1异常分布的逆转作用. 方法: 将ECV304细胞常规培养在长方形的玻片上, 然后分别置于剪切应力为2 Pa的流场中(当归组: 在流场液体中加入当归提取液20 mg/ml), 温度37 ℃. 4 h后取出玻片, 先用鼠抗人ICAM-1单克隆抗体(1∶20)孵育20 min, PBS冲洗, 再用标记有AlexaR荧光的羊抗鼠IgG(1∶50)作为二抗标记, 1%多聚甲醛和0.5% Triton-X100渗透和固定后, 在Olympus IX70荧光显微镜下观察ICAM-1的分布状况. 结果: 高剪切应力会导致血管内皮细胞表面ICAM-1沿细胞表面呈散在分布, 而当归作用后可以使ICAM-1的分布和表达趋于正常. 结论: 当归可以有效地逆转这种异常分布, 具有显著的保护效应.     

兔体内普鲁卡因胺对致颤阈影响的药动学和药效学模型

本文以电刺激兔心室致颤阈作为效应指标,观察了iv PA后药效变化的时间过程,并用药动学、药效学结合模型分析了代谢物形成过程中PA和NAPA的动力学性质,从原药PA和代谢物NAPA不同转运性质角度阐明了两者的效应贡献;它们的效应室内药量与药效符合线性相加模型。     

麻黄中麻黄生物碱的气相色谱测定法

本文应用毛细管气相色谱法,配备氮磷检测器对麻黄中六种生物碱:麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、去甲麻黄碱、去甲伪麻黄碱、甲基麻黄碱和甲基伪麻黄碱进行分离、测定。对生药样品预处理方法作了较大改进,采用直接碱化醚提法。简化操作步骤。用内标法,线性方程定最测定了国产十二种麻黄,结果与高效液相色谱法基本一致。     

Basic fibroblast growth factor prolongs the proliferation of rat cortical progenitor cells in vitro without altering their cell cycle parameters

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to influence the survival, proliferation and differentiation of a variety of cell types in the nervous system. In this investigation we have examined the action of bFGF on: (i) the rate of proliferation; (ii) cell cycle parameters; (iii) the maintenance of cell division; (iv) the recruitment of quiescent cells; and (v) the degree of differentiation of cortical progenitor cells in cultures prepared from E16 rat embryos. The proliferation rate (labelling index) of cortical progenitor cells doubled in the presence of bFGF over 48 h. However, the lengths of the cell cycle phases were unchanged. Clones marked with a recombinant retrovirus on the first day in vitro (DIV) grew significantly larger in the presence of bFGF. Furthermore, many of the clones examined in control cultures had ceased to divide after a maximum of four cell cycles, whereas almost all clonally related cells were still dividing in the presence of bFGF 4 days later, i.e. for at least six cell cycles. Basic FGF also stimulated the division of quiescent progenitor cells, which otherwise would have differentiated or undergone cell death. The degree of neuronal and glial differentiation was studied after 5 DIV using MAP-2 and GFAP immunocytochemistry. In the presence of bFGF, the percentage of MAP-2-labelled cells was less than half that of control cultures, whereas the number of cells immunoreactive for nestin (a marker of progenitor cells) remained very high. Cells immunoreactive for GFAP were present in bFGF-treated cultures, yet were extremely rare in control conditions. These experiments show that bFGF, a potent mitogen for cortical progenitor cells, has no effects on the parameters of their cell cycle but extends their proliferative capability, promotes their survival and delays their differentiation into neurons.      

刺激剂类药物及代谢物的分离鉴定

报道了41种刺激剂的气相色谱和质谱数据以及人尿中原药和它们的游离型和结合型代谢物的分离和鉴定方法。用分辨率高的毛细管气相色谱分离,以灵敏度高专属性好的氮磷检测器检测志愿者24 h尿样中游离型母体药及代谢物。选择部分时间收集尿样进行直接气质联用分析以及采用三氟醋酰化、三甲基硅烷化和两者并用的衍生化方法鉴定母体药及游离型代谢物。尿样酸水解后,再进行以上选择性衍生化,可测定它们的结合型代谢物。     

小檗碱对局灶性脑缺血大鼠血小板聚集及血浆TXB2和6－keto－PGF1a水平的影响

以大鼠可逆性大脑中动脉梗塞（ＭＣＡＯ）致局灶性脑缺血为模型，观察小檗碱对大鼠ＭＣＡＯ２４ｈ后血小板粘附、聚集、血栓形成及血浆ＴＸＢ２和ＰＧＩ２生成的影响。结果表明，小檗碱２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１ｉｐｌ，３或５ｄ，明显降低ＭＣＡｏ２４ｈ后血小板粘附性及ＡＤＰ、胶原和花生四烯酸诱导的血小板聚集率，抑制血浆ＴＸＢ２水平。同剂量ｉｐ３或５ｄ，则抑制血栓形成。提示小檗碱可能通过其抗血小板粘附和聚集及影响花生四烯酸代谢而发挥抗脑缺血作用。