Hybrid intravenous digital subtraction angiography of the carotid bifurcation

A hybrid digital subtraction angiography technique and noise-reduction algorithm were used to evaluate the carotid bifurcation. Temporal, hybrid, and reduced-noise hybrid images were obtained in right and left anterior oblique projections, and both single- and multiple-frame images were created with each method. The resulting images were graded on a scale of 1 to 5 by three experienced neuroradiologists. Temporal images were preferred over hybrid images (average score = 3.2 and 2.4, respectively). The percentage of nondiagnostic examinations, as agreed upon by two readers, was higher for temporal alone than temporal + hybrid (4 and 1, respectively). In addition, also by agreement between two readers, temporal + hybrid images significantly increased the number of bifurcations seen in two views (87%) compared to temporal subtraction alone (64%).     

The challenge of evaluating annual mammography screening for young women with a family history of breast cancer

It has been recommended that women aged 40-49 years with a significant family history of breast cancer should be offered annual mammography screening (http://www.nice.org.uk). An observational study known as FH01 (http://www.screeningservices.org/btw/fh01/index.asp) is evaluating this policy in a cohort of 6000 women at moderately increased risk of breast cancer due to family history. The main aims are to assess the likely impact on breast cancer mortality and cost-effectiveness. Measuring these outcomes is challenging in an environment where a randomized trial is not feasible and there is no natural comparison group. In this paper, we present some approaches to estimating effectiveness and the planned analyses. These involve comparison of disease stage and likely consequent breast cancer mortality in the cohort offered screening with that estimated in the absence of screening. The estimation uses observed outcomes in external populations and estimated outcomes for the hypothetical situation where screening had not taken place.     

Role of Resveratrol as Radiosensitizer by Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in Radioresistant Prostate Cancer Cells (PC-3)

Aim of Work: Here, we examined the role of resveratrol as a radiosensitizer by targeting cancer stem cells in radioresistant prostate cancer cells (PC-3) using stem cell markers CD44, CD49b and CD29, SOX2, OCT4, CXCR4, DCLK1 and EMT markers such as VIM and E-cadherin. Material and Methods: This study was an in vitro study involving PC-3 cell line which was dividing into four groups. Group I (CO): Control group composed of cells grown in the same medium without treatment with ionizing radiation or resveratrol. Group II (IR): Cells were treated with ionizing radiation alone. Group III (RV): Cells were treated with resveratrol alone. Group VI (IR&RV): The cells were treated with ionizing radiation and resveratrol in combination. The viability of cells was assessed by MTT assay. Genes of interest were measured by RT-PCR and the radiosensitizing efficacy of RV on proliferating cancer cells was determined by clonogenic assay. Results: Ionizing radiation significantly reduced PC-3 viability, lowered stem cell markers and affected epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes expression at all doses (2, 4, 6 and 8 Gray). Resveratrol significantly decreased PC-3 viability and lowered stem cell markers and EMT genes expression at concentrations 35, 70 and 140 µM. Combining resveratrol treatment with ionizing radiation leads to significant reduction in cell viability and stem cell markers genes which was noticed with increasing the radiation dose when compared to ionizing radiation alone treated group. Conclusion: Resveratrol has a radiosensitizing effect, that ability is triggered by reducing the expression of cancer stem cell markers and affecting EMT markers. Resveratrol showed to be a good candidate for further studies as anticancer drug in the treatment of human prostate cancer.     

海藻酸钠的分子量与缓释作用

以盐酸普罗帕酮、盐酸地尔硫和硝酸异山梨酯为模型药物,研究它们在不同分子量的海藻酸钠骨架片中的释药规律。结果表明:海藻酸钠的分子量与释药速度间有良好的线性关系。根据这一关系可以预测已知分子量海藻酸钠的释药情况,为海藻酸钠缓释片剂的处方设计及其实际应用提供理论依据。     

刺南蛇藤倍半萜的研究

从刺南蛇藤(Celastrus flagelaris Rupr.)种子油中分离到八个β-二氢沉香呋喃倍半萜,经红外、紫外、质谱及核磁共振谱确定它们的结构是1α-乙酰氧基-2α,9β-二肉桂酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1),1α,6β,13-三乙酰氧基-9β-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃-(2),triptogelinG-1(3),1α,6β-二乙酰氧基-9β-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(4),triptogelinF-2(5),1α,2α-二乙酰氧基-9β-肉桂酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(6),celaforlinB-3(7),1α,6β-二乙酰氧基-8α-肉桂酰氧基-9α-苯酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(8)。其中1是新化合物,命名为celastrine B。     

疟原虫组织期裂殖体杀灭剂的研究:2-取代苄氧基(或甲氧基)-5-取代苯氧基-伯氨喹类似物的合成

本文报道了间日疟根治药伯氮喹2位引入取代苄氧基或甲氧基,5位引入取代苯氧基的类似物的合成。其中以化合物39及45对疟原虫组织期裂殖体的作用最强,约氏疟原虫子孢子感染的小鼠喂服100mg/kg单剂,分别有80%及90%的受试小鼠未查见原虫血症。化合物45降至20mg/kg单剂时,80%的受试小鼠也未出现原虫;对小鼠的急性毒性低于伯氨喹。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定五加中剌五加苷B、苷E的含量

目的测定甘肃产五加中剌五加苷B、苷E的含量。方法高效液相色谱法,ODSKromasal柱。水乙晴(955)为流动相,检测波长222nm,柱温度25℃。结果本文可同时测定剌五加苷B、苷E的含量。剌五加苷B、苷E分别在0.064～0.320μg/ml;0.074～0.370μg/ml范围内峰面积与浓度呈线性关系,平均回收率分别为102.5%,RSD=4.2%,95.5%,RSD=4.6%。结论剌五加苷B、苷E在红毛五加中含量最高;茎皮中含量最高;剌五加苷E的含量高于苷B。