颈臂丛联合麻醉应用于锁骨骨折内固定术30例的临床观察

目的观察颈臂丛联合麻醉应用于锁骨骨折内固定术中的麻醉效果。方法选择行锁骨骨折内固定的手术60例,分为单纯臂丛麻醉组（Ⅰ组）,颈臂丛联合麻醉组（Ⅱ组）,并对这二组方法进行比较。结果患者综合满意度评估及各时间点的VAS评分比较,均显示颈臂丛联合麻醉效果较单纯臂丛麻醉组满意,而不良反应发生率的差异无统计学意义。结论颈臂丛联合麻醉应用于锁骨骨折内固定术中有较好的临床效果。     

Oxidative damage effects in the copepod Tigriopus japonicus Mori experimentally exposed to nickel

Tigriopus japonicus Mori has been recognized as a good model for toxicological testing of marine pollutants. Recently, a large number of genes have been identified from this copepod, and their mRNA expression has been studied independently against exposure to marine pollutants; however, biochemical-response information is relatively scarce. The response of T. japonicus to nickel (Ni) additions was examined under laboratory-controlled conditions in 12 days exposure. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), reduced glutathione (GSH), the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and metallothionein (MT) were analyzed for Ni treatments (0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.75 and 3.0 mg/L) after 1, 4, 7 and 12 days. The thiobarbituric reactive species assay was used to evaluate lipid peroxidation (LPO) level in copepods after exposure. The results showed that Ni remarkably affected the biochemical parameters (SOD, GPx, GST, GSH, and GSH/GSSG) after certain exposure durations. However, the copepod’s LPO level was significantly decreased under metal treatments after exposure, hinting that the factors involved in LPO might not significantly depend on the operations and functions in the antioxidant system. Ni exhibited the neurotoxicity to copepods, because its use obviously elevated AchE activity. During exposure, Ni initially displayed an inhibition effect but induced MT synthesis in T. japonicus by day 12, probably being responsible for metal detoxification. Thus, Ni had intervened in the detoxification process and antioxidant system of this copepod, and it could be used as a suitable bioindicator of Ni exposure via measuring SOD, GPx, GST, and MT as biomarkers.     

基于双DSP的彩色血流显示实验系统

本文介绍了一种采用双浮点DSP并行处理的彩色血流超声成像实验系统,该系统提供50×128的彩色窗口,实时显示17帧/s的血流图像,通过多点平均阈值法的后处理后,血流定位准确,边缘清晰,充盈度高.     

无充气腋窝入路完全腔镜下甲状腺叶切除的方法——葛-郑氏七步法

经葛明华、郑传铭团队改良、创新和发展的无充气腋窝入路完全腔镜下甲状腺手术是一种可行、安全、美容效果极佳的腔镜手术术式。笔者就如何顺利掌握该术式、如何规范化的进行手术步骤操作及手术注意事项等作了详细的介绍。     

Astragaloside IV attenuates complement membranous attack complex induced podocyte injury through the MAPK pathway

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in adults and the cause is known to be due to the injury of podocytes located in the glomeruli. Astragalus membranaceus has been used for the treatment of patients with MN in China for a long time. The beneficial effect of Astragalus membranaceus on proteinuria of patients with MN has been well documented. However, the mechanism of astragalus membranaceu in alleviation of MN is still not completely understood. Therefore, in the current study, we employed a podocyte injury model induced by complement membranous attack complex to examine the mechanism of astragalus membraneceus in the treatment of MN. We found that complement membranous attack complex could increase lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from podocytes and astragaloside IV (AS-IV) could prevent LDH release from podocytes in a time- and dose-dependent pattern. Moreover, AS-IV restored podocyte morphology and cytoskeleton loss induced by complement membranous attack complex. Furthermore, AS-IV was able to reduce phosphorylation of JNK and ERK1/2 induced by complement membranous attack complex. In conclusion, the mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of MN may be related to its attenuation of podocyte injury through regulation of cytoskeleton and mitogen activated protein kinase.     

The immune response and protective efficacy of vaccination with oral microparticle Aeromonas sobria vaccine in mice

The effect of an oral alginate microparticle Aeromonas sobria vaccine on immune response and protection of mice was investigated. The formalin-killed cultures (FKC) of A. sobria strain Z-1 treated with three methods were incorporated into alginate microparticles, and the encapsulated vaccines were orally used for immunizing mice. Four weeks after immunization, the serum agglutinating antibody titers, bactericidal activity of leucocytes and relative percent survival (RPS) of mice immunized orally with three microparticle vaccines were significantly higher than those of control mice. Among the immune efficacy of 3 microparticle vaccines, vaccine prepared directly from FKC (MVC) was the most, vaccine from FKC treated with freeze-melt method (MVCF) secondly, and vaccine from FKC treated with ultrasonic wave (MVCU) the worst. The serum agglutinating antibody titers and phagocytic activity of the blood monocytes in mice immunized orally with MVC reached a level equivalent to those of injection with FKC, and were significantly higher than those of control group. Moreover, from the 7th to 12th weeks, the serum agglutinating antibody titers in the MVC-immunized mice was significantly higher than those of injection with FKC. The RPS of mice immunized orally with MVC was 87.5%, while 100% of mice immunized orally with FKC and also the control mice died. These results demonstrated that oral alginate microparticle of A. sobria strain Z-1 was immunogenic and conferred protective immunity in mice, and could be used as a candidate vector system of oral vaccine of Aeromonas.     

伴嗜酸粒细胞增多的髓系白血病形态学研究

目的:探讨伴有嗜酸粒细胞增多的髓系肿瘤嗜酸粒细胞的形态学特征.方法:回顾性分析13例慢性嗜酸粒细胞白血病(CEL)、17例急性髓系白血病(AML)伴有t(8}21)(q22;q22),(AML/ETO)、25例AML伴有骨髓异常嗜酸粒细胞,inv(16)(p13;q22)或t(16;16)(p13;q22),(CBFβ/MYH11)和20例慢性粒细胞白血病慢性期(CML-CP)患者骨髓及外周血涂片嗜酸粒细胞细胞形态学,每例患者计数200个骨髓嗜酸粒细胞,分析各阶段嗜酸粒细胞比例及其形态特征.结果:CEL患者骨髓嗜酸粒细胞以嗜酸杆状核和分叶核细胞为主,形态学主要表现为细胞质嗜酸性颗粒减少,空泡及碱性颗粒.AML伴骨髓异常嗜酸粒细胞,inv(16)(p13;q22)患者骨髓嗜酸粒细胞以中晚阶段嗜酸粒细胞为主,细胞明显成熟障碍,形态学改变主要表现为粗大紫红色嗜碱性颗粒增多并覆盖细胞核,少数伴有细胞质空泡.AML伴t(8;21)(q22;q22)患者骨髓嗜酸粒细胞以嗜酸晚幼粒细胞为主,成熟阶段粒细胞减少,其形态学主要表现为颗粒增多但细小,多数表现为金黄色颗粒覆盖细胞核上.CML-CP患者骨髓嗜酸粒细胞以嗜酸晚幼粒细胞和杆状核细胞为主,颗粒以细小密集增多为主,颗粒减少及空泡不明显.结论:伴嗜酸粒细胞增多的髓系肿瘤,除各自原发病的特点之外,其嗜酸粒细胞比例以及形态学改变不尽相同,通过详细细胞形态学分析能够为上述疾病的诊断与鉴别提供初步依据.     

人PSMA基因重组腺病毒的构建及其在树突状细胞上的表达

  目的   构建含有人前列腺特异性膜抗原基因（prostate specific membrane antigen,PSMA）的重组腺病毒,并将其感染树突状细胞（dendritic cell,DC）后检测其在DC上的表达。   方法   设计一对含有SfiⅠ酶切位点的PSMA基因上下游引物,以质粒pCMV-SPORT6/PSMA为模板,通过PCR扩增获得PSMA基因序列。片段回收、酶切处理,连接到穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV-EGFP上,获得重组穿梭质粒pShuttle-EGFP-PSMA。经SfiⅠ酶切、PCR及插入片段测序鉴定正确后,将其用I-CeuI和I-SceI双酶切处理,转移至pAdxsi载体上,得到pAdxsi-GFP-PSMA病毒质粒,线性化后经HEK293细胞包装成复制缺陷型腺病毒Ad-PSMA-GFP;感染从健康志愿者外周血来源的DC,荧光倒置显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的表达,Western blot检测PSMA基因在DC上的表达。   结果   成功构建含有人PSMA基因的重组腺病毒,病毒滴度为2×1010 pfu/mL。构建好的Ad-PSMA-GFP可以在DC上高效和正确地表达。   结论   人PSMA重组腺病毒载体的成功构建及其在DC上的表达,为下一步研究奠定了基础。      

Hepatitis B virus X protein mutant upregulates CENP-A expression in hepatoma cells

The carcinogenic role of hepatitis B virus x protein (HBx) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. Centromere protein A (CENP-A) has been found to be frequently overexpressed in HCC. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of HBx in regulating CENP-A activity in HCC carcinogenesis. CENP-A expression was examined and the HBx gene was sequenced in 20?HBsAg-positive HCC patients and corresponding non-cancerous liver tissues. The influence of HBx mutants on CENP-A expression in HepG2 cells was analyzed by a series of assays. We found that CENP-A expression was significantly elevated in HCC tissues. HBx deletion, especially the COOH-terminal deletion of HBx is a frequent event in HBV-associated HCC tissues. A positive correlation was found between CENP-A expression and HBx COOH mutation in HCC tissues. HBx mutant increased the expression of the CENP-A mRNA and protein compared with full-length HBx. However, HBx did not directly interact with CENP-A. It is concluded that overexpression of CENP-A is closely associated with HBx COOH mutation in HCC. HBx mutant can increase CENP-A expression, probably through a mechanism independent of their physical combination, and thereby it may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.