浅谈医学技术给人类社会带来的不良影响

对现代医学技术给人类社会带来的各种不良影响进行了探讨,以期引起人们对该问题的重视,防止医学技术的滥用。     

Numerical Analysis of Physical Characteristics and Heat Transfer Decoupling Behavior in Bypass Coupling Variable Polarity Plasma Arc

A novel bypass coupling variable polarity plasma arc was proposed to achieve the accurate adjusting of heat and mass transfer in the welding and additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy. However, the physical characteristics and decoupled transfer behavior remain unclear, restricting its application and development. A three-dimensional model of the bypass coupling variable polarity plasma arc was built based on Kirchhoff’s law, the main arc and the bypass arc are coupled by an electromagnetic field. The model of current attachment on the tungsten electrode surface is included for simulating different heating processes of the EP and EN phases in the coupling arc. The distribution of temperature field, flow field, and current density of the bypass coupling variable polarity plasma arc was studied by the three-dimensional numerical model. The heat input on the base metal under different current conditions is quantified. To verify the model, the arc voltages are compared and the results in simulation and experiment agree with each other well. The results show that the radius of the bypass coupling arc with or without bypass current action on the base metal is different, and the flow vector of the bypass coupling arc plasma with bypass current is larger than the arc without bypass current. By comparing the heat transfer on the electrodes’ boundary under different current conditions, it is found that increasing the bypass current results in the rise in heat input on the base metal. Therefore, it is concluded that using bypass current is unable to completely decouple the wire melting and the heat input of the base metal. The decoupled degree of heat transfer is one of the important factors for accurate control in the manufacturing process with this coupling arc.     

肾细胞癌转移灶局部干预的评估：M.R.C.C评分系统

目的：本研究提出一个标准化的评分系统来评估转移性肾细胞癌的临床状况,并根据该评分系统评估对肾细胞癌转移灶进行局部干预的效果。方法：回顾性分析本中心按照M.R.C.C评分应进行局部干预的转移性肾细胞癌患者的临床资料,按是否干预,将所有应干预的患者分为两组,比较其生活质量和肿瘤特异性生存时间。结果：干预组的癌痛评分显著低于非干预组,生活质量评分显著高于非干预组,干预组肿瘤特异性生存时间较非干预组显著延长。结论：M.R.C.C评分系统可以有效评估对肾细胞癌转移灶进行局部干预的必要性及可行性,按照评分要求进行局部干预可以提高转移性肾癌患者的生活质量并延长患者的生存。     

Identification of potential prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundThe incidence of liver cancer is increasing every year. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for nearly 90% of liver cancer, and the overall 5-year survival rate of become of Hepatocellular carcinoma patients less than 20%. However, the molecular mechanism of HCC progression and prognosis still requires further exploration.MethodsIn this study, we downloaded the gene expression data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Genomic Data and the official website of GEO database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were utilized to detect the gene modules. The shared differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out by a Venn diagram, and the hub genes were identified through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were constructed for these hub genes. Overall survival (OS) and correlation analysis were conducted to investigate the relationship between the hub genes and clinical features.ResultsWe screened out 27 shared DEGs, and the mainly enriched GO terms were mitotic nuclear division, chromosomal region, and tubulin binding. Furthermore, the top three enriched KEGG pathways were “cell cycle”, “oocyte meiosis”, and “p53 signaling pathway”. According to the Maximal Clique Centrality (MCC) algorithm, the top 10 candidate hub genes were MYC, MCM3, CDC20, CCNB1, BIRC5, UBE2C, TOP2A, RRM2, TK1, and PTTG1, among which BIRC5, CDC20, and UBE2C showed a strong correlation with the OS.ConclusionsThree hub genes (BIRC5, CDC20, and UBE2C) were identified and found to be correlated to the progression and prognosis of HCC. These may become potential targets for HCC therapy.     

痛风动物模型研究现状及其中医药治疗特点

目的:探讨痛风动物模型的制作方法、特点及中医药在痛风病治疗中的优势。方法:通过对痛风动物模型的系统回顾,对模型制作的现状、常用模型的特点及应用进行归纳及评价;对痛风的中西医治疗方法及常用药物进行分析,分析中医药治疗痛风疗效的优劣。结果:现有痛风动物模型存在一些不足,新的痛风模型应结果多种造模因素;中药治疗痛风具有明显优势。结论:通过复合因素可完善痛风模型,加强中医药临床研究同时提高防治痛风的疗效。     

NRG1在肝细胞肝癌中杂合性丢失和蛋白表达的研究

目的：分析在肝细胞性肝癌中NRG1基因的两个多态性位点D8S278和D8S499杂合性丢失（loss ofheterozygosity,LOH）情况及其与NRG1蛋白表达水平之间的关系,探讨NRG1在肝细胞肝癌发生发展中的作用。方法：酚氯仿抽提经石蜡包埋的肝癌和癌旁正常组织DNA,进行PCR扩增,扩增出来的产物进行变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳并分析两位点杂合性丢失情况;用免疫组织化学方法检测肝癌组织和癌旁正常组织中NRG1的表达情况。结果：D8S278和D8S499的LOH率分别为32.43%（24/74）、37.86%（26/69）,总频率为48.65%（36/74）;NRG1在肝癌组织中的阳性表达率为67.57%（50/74）,显著低于在正常组织中的表达水平（97.30%,72/74）（P〈0.05）,这种降低与NRG1基因多态性位点的LOH有关;NRG1表达下调与肿瘤大小、Edmondson分级相关,而与年龄、性别、HBsAg、AFP、肝硬化和肝内外转移无明显相关。结论：NRG1基因可能是肝细胞肝癌的一个候选抑癌基因,在肝癌发生发展中起一定的作用;可为临床诊断、治疗及预后评估提供理论依据。     

Vascular endothelial growth factor A,secreted in response to transforming growth factor-β1 under hypoxic conditions,induces autocrine effects on migration of prostate cancer cells

Hypoxia and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) increase vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression in a number of malignancies. This effect of hypoxia and TGF-β1 might be responsible for tumor progression and metastasis of advanced prostate cancer. In the present study, TGF-β1 was shown to induce VEGFA₁₆₅ secretion from both normal cell lines (HPV7 and RWPE1) and prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC3). Conversely, hypoxia-stimulated VEGFA₁₆₅ secretion was observed only in prostate cancer cell lines. Hypoxia induced TGF-β1 expression in PC3 prostate cancer cells, and the TGF-β type I receptor (ALK5) kinase inhibitor partially blocked hypoxia-mediated VEGFA₁₆₅ secretion. This effect of hypoxia provides a novel mechanism to increase VEGFA expression in prostate cancer cells. Although autocrine signaling of VEGFA has been implicated in prostate cancer progression and metastasis, the associated mechanism is poorly characterized. VEGFA activity is mediated via VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 1 (Flt-1) and 2 (Flk-1/KDR). Whereas VEGFR-1 mRNA was detected in normal prostate epithelial cells, VEGFR-2 mRNA and VEGFR protein were expressed only in PC3 cells. VEGFA₁₆₅ treatment induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in PC3 cells but not in HPV7 cells, suggesting that the autocrine function of VEGFA may be uniquely associated with prostate cancer. Activation of VEGFR-2 by VEGFA₁₆₅ was shown to enhance migration of PC3 cells. A similar effect was also observed with endogenous VEGFA induced by TGF-β1 and hypoxia. These findings illustrate that an autocrine loop of VEGFA via VEGFR-2 is critical for the tumorigenic effects of TGF-β1 and hypoxia on metastatic prostate cancers.     

改良标准化疗方案治疗脊柱结核的疗效分析

目的评价改良标准化疗方案治疗脊柱结核的临床疗效和药物安全性,明确常见副作用及其处理措施.方法收集2008年1月至2012年12月期间在昆明医科大学第一附属医院明确诊断为"脊柱结核"、接受改良标准化疗方案(2HRZE/4HRE/12-18HR;剂量为H 300 mg,R 450 mg,Z 750 mg,E 750 mg,晨起顿服)并完成至少2 a随访的患者资料,采用临床治愈率和复发率评估该化疗方案的疗效;通过药物副作用发生率和严重程度评估该化疗方案的安全性.对药物常见的副作用,按发生的类型、时间、严重程度、处理措施等进行统计和分析.结果共67例患者纳入本研究,其中男性32例,女性35例;年龄15~68岁,平均40.6岁.其中21例患者仅采用改良标准化疗方案,其余46例采用术前化疗+手术+术后化疗方案进行治疗.2 a临床愈合率95.52%,2 a内结核复发率1.50%.在整个化疗期间,药物副作用主要发生在前2个月的四联强化治疗期,主要涉及胃肠道反应(约为28.36%)、高尿酸血症(约为31.34%)、肝功能异常(约为31.34%)等;多数药物副作用较轻,部分较严重病例加用Vit B6、护肝药(如多烯磷脂酰胆碱、草甘酸二钠或还原性谷胱甘肽等)、碳酸氢钠和多饮水等措施得到控制;吡嗪酰胺的撤除可明显减少高尿酸血症的发生率.结论运用改良标准化疗方案治疗脊柱结核可获得良好的临床疗效并具有较高的安全性.     

不同肠内营养时机对老年高血压脑出血术后临床疗效分析

目的 :探讨老年高血压脑出血术后肠内营养应用的最佳时机。方法 :选取2011年2月~2014年2月我院收治的老年高血压脑出血术后患者90例,随机分为A、B、C三组,每组各30例,分别于术后24h、25~48h、49~72h开始建立肠内营养支持,检测并比较三组血清生化指标变化、并发症发生情况以及GCS评分。结果 :术后14d,B组血清白蛋白、血红蛋白水平较A、C两组高,A、B两组淋巴细胞水平显著高于C组,B组应激性溃疡、肺部感染发生率显著低于A、C两组,B组GCS评分显著优于A、C两组。结论 :对于老年高血压脑出血术后患者于术后25~48h建立肠内营养支持更能满足患者营养需求,降低并发症发生率,促进意识状态的恢复。     

CT椎间盘造影对腰椎间盘内破裂的诊断价值

目的探讨CT腰椎间盘造影术(CTD)对腰椎间盘内破裂(IDD)的诊断价值。方法对CT或MRI检查无腰椎间盘突出征象的32例慢性下腰痛患者的42个腰椎间盘行CT椎间盘造影术,制订CTD的分型,分析CTD分型、对比剂注射剂量与诱发疼痛的关系。结果CTD显示椎间盘内破裂可分为4型,CTD分型、对比剂注射剂量与诱发疼痛具有相关性,阳性和阴性椎间盘病变间对比剂平均注射剂量具有明显差异(t=4.612,P<0.01)。结论CT腰椎间盘造影术能定性诊断腰椎间盘内破裂,与普通腰椎间盘造影术比较,CTD能够提供更多的基础诊断资料。