血栓通冻干粉针剂治疗肾病综合征高凝及高脂状态的临床效果分析

目的探讨血栓通冻干粉针剂治疗肾病综合征高凝及高脂状态的临床效果。方法30例肾病综合征患者随机分为治疗组（16例）和对照组（14例）,在常规治疗的基础上,治疗组用血栓通冻干粉针剂150mg加入5%葡萄糖注射液100ml静脉滴注,每日1次抗凝、降脂治疗;对照组用低分子肝素钠抗凝、普伐他汀钠降脂治疗,连用4周,两组疗程相同。治疗前后检测凝血指标、血脂状况及其他生化指标。结果疗程结束后两组患者凝血指标、血脂状况与治疗前相比均有统计学意义,但两组间比较无统计学意义。结论血栓通冻干粉针剂应用治疗肾病综合征高凝及高脂状态是一种安全有效的抗凝、降脂治疗措施,且价格低廉,效果确切,值得在临床推广应用。     

白藜芦醇通过上调脂肪变性HepG2细胞Sirt3表达改善线粒体功能

目的 探讨白藜芦醇(resveratrol,RSV)对脂肪变性肝细胞线粒体功能的影响,以及沉默信息调节因子3(sirtuin 3,Sirt3)在其中的重要作用.方法 用0.2 mmol/L棕榈酸(palmitic acid,PA)处理HepG2细胞24 h建立肝细胞脂肪变性模型,再用40 μmol/L RSV和/或50 μmol/L Sirt3抑制剂3-TYP处理24 h.实验分为对照组、PA组、PA+ RSV组、PA+ RSV+ 3-TYP组、PA+ 3-TYP组.用相关试剂盒检测甘油三酯(TG)含量、沉默调节蛋白3(sirtuin 3,Sirt3)活性、ATP合酶活性、ATP生成量以及线粒体基础呼吸率,使用DCFH-DA荧光探针检测细胞活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量,Westernblot检测Sirt3蛋白表达.Sirt3 siRNA处理HepG2细胞后再用PA和/或RSV处理,分析ROS和甘油三酯含量.结果 相对于PA组,PA+RSV组HepG2细胞的甘油三酯、ROS含量明显降低(P＜0.05),ATP合酶活性、ATP生成量和基础呼吸率明显提高(P＜0.05).而3-TYP或Sirt3 siRNA处理后,RSV的上述作用被削弱(P＜0.05).结论 RSV通过上调脂肪变性肝细胞Sirt3的表达与活性而改善其线粒体功能.     

High glucose increases inducible NO production in cultured rat mesangial cells. Possible role in fibronectin production.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Increased nitric oxide (NO) generation and action have been suggested to be associated with glomerular hyperfiltration and increased vascular permeability early in diabetes. However, previous studies have primarily focused on the constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) pathway present in endothelial cells, and the role of the inducible NOS (iNOS) pathway in diabetic nephropathy has remained unclear. This study examined whether high glucose modulates NO synthesis by the iNOS pathway in rat mesangial cells. In addition, the effect of inhibition of the iNOS pathway on fibronectin production was determined to examine the role of the iNOS pathway in high glucose-induced extracellular expansion by mesangial cells. METHODS: NO synthesis by the iNOS pathway was evaluated by nitrite and iNOS mRNA and protein productions. The effects of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor and aldose reductase inhibitor on the iNOS mRNA expression and aminoguanidine, a relatively specific inhibitor of the iNOS on fibronectin protein production were examined. RESULTS: High 30 mM glucose concentration led to significant increases in nitrite production of rat mesangial cells upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) compared with control 5.6 mM glucose concentration. Mesangial iNOS mRNA expression and protein production also increased significantly in response to high glucose. The addition of calphostin C, a PKC inhibitor, and 6-bromo-1,3-dioxo-1H-benz[d,e]isoquinoline-2(3H)-acetic acid, an aldose reductase inhibitor, significantly suppressed the enhancement of iNOS mRNA expression in high glucose concentration. High glucose also significantly increased fibronectin protein production of mesangial cells upon stimulation with LPS plus IFN-gamma compared to control glucose. Aminoguanidine reversed this high glucose-induced fibronectin production at dose inhibiting iNOS mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that high glucose enhances cytokine-induced NO production by rat mesangial cells, and that the activation of PKC and aldose reductase pathway may play a role in this enhancement. In addition, high glucose-induced NO production by the iNOS pathway may promote extracellular matrix accumulation by mesangial cells under certain condition.     

Effect of internal biliary drainage on plasma levels of endotoxin,cytokines, and C-reactive protein in patients with obstructive jaundice

Preoperative biliary drainage may improve the cytokine and acute-phase response derangements observed in patients with obstructive jaundice. We conducted a prospective longitudinal, before-after trial in our 600-bed teaching hospital. Twenty-four patients with obstructive jaundice were investigated, 11 with benign obstruction and 13 with malignant disease. Endoscopic internal biliary drainage was performed in all patients (7 by papillotomy and 17 by endoprostheses). Endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide production, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined at admission and on days 2 and 7 after internal biliary drainage was accomplished. Bile cultures were obtained before and at the time of drainage. Endotoxin, IL-6, TNF-a, and CRP were significantly higher in patients with cancer. After internal drainage, endotoxin (11.4 vs. 2 EU/L; p <0.05), TNF-a (87.5 vs. 48 pg/ml; p = 0.03), and IL-6 (324 vs. 232 pg/ml; p <0.05) plasma levels decreased significantly in the early postdrainage period in patients with cancer. Endotoxin, cytokines, as well as the CRP plasma values, however, increased again on day 7 after drainage. This trend was less marked in patients with benign obstruction. Patients with positive bile cultures after drainage displayed higher levels of CRP (115 vs. 62 mg/L; p = 0.03), IL-6 (598 vs. 330 pg/ml; p = 0.04), and endotoxin (10.6 vs. 4.8 EU/L; p = 0.02) than those with negative bile cultures. Biliary tract obstruction is associated with an increase in endotoxin levels, a positive acute-phase response, and plasma cytokine elevation. After biliary drainage a transitory improvement of these alterations was observed, although values remained high 1 week postdrainage. These findings were associated with positive bile cultures.     

外伤性掌指关节僵硬的手术治疗

目的探讨手部机器压伤后第2～5指掌指关节僵硬的手术方法及疗效。方法 2006年1月-2009年6月,收治7例第2～5指掌指关节僵硬患者。男6例,女1例;年龄18～56岁,平均32岁。优势手5例,非优势手2例。7例均为机器压伤,6例为伴多发掌骨骨折或脱位术后;1例为手掌中远段平面完全离断再植术后。手术切口愈合后至该次入院时间为3～15个月。患手夹纸试验均呈阳性;X线片示骨折均愈合。先物理治疗软化手部瘢痕1个月,再采用一期掌指关节松解术及蚓状肌功能重建术治疗,外固定6周后行物理治疗和功能锻炼。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患手掌指关节屈伸活动稳定,无伸肌腱侧方滑脱,手指抓、握功能接近正常。术后6例获随访,随访时间6个月～3年。手指掌指关节伸直0°,主动屈曲67～90°。优势手握力达健侧的86.70%,非优势手达健侧的66.70%;优势手拇指捏力达健侧的83.52%,非优势手达健侧的61.30%。按照中华医学会手外科学分会全指关节活动度(TAM)系统评定:获优4例,良1例,可1例,优良率为83.33%。结论对于外伤性掌指关节僵硬患者,给予瘢痕软化后一期行掌指关节松解术及蚓状肌功能重建术,可恢复掌指关节功能,获得较好疗效。     

前路椎体切除钛网植骨钉棒多节段内固定治疗胸腰段剪力型骨折脱位1例

1病例资料 患者,男,20岁,战士。高处坠落致腰部被杠杆顶压受伤,双下肢感觉障碍、不能活动4 h于2010年6月16日入院。查体：脊柱胸腰段皮下淤血、压痛,腹股沟以下双下肢及会阴部深浅感觉消失,下肢诸肌肌力0级,肛门括约肌反射、球海绵体肌反射、提睾反射消失,跖底反射消失,腱反射消失,病理反射阴性。     

Predictable Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Gastric Cancer—Analysis of Single Institutional Experience

Introduction  

Prediction of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer (EGC) is very important to decide treatment strategies preoperatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors that predict the presence of lymph node metastasis and to indentify the differences between mucosal and submucosal gastric cancers.     

单用蒽环类与紫杉醇+蒽环类在LuminalA型乳癌疗效的对照研究

目的 回顾性研究Luminal A型可手术乳腺癌患者在含蒽环类的化疗方案之上加用紫杉醇类是否能提高患者的无病显存率( DFS)及总生存率(OS).方法 收集2006年1月到2009年1月可手术乳腺癌患者126例,根据化疗方案不同分为两组,紫杉醇(T)组83例,蒽环类(A)组43例.回顾性分析两组患者的年龄、肿物大小、淋...     

Surgical treatment of the aseptic femoral shaft nonunion

Femoral shaft nonunions is difficult complication and a big challenge for the orthopaedic surgeons. These complications occur after open femoral fractures, comminuted fractures, segmental fractures, the infection, after the inadequate fixed osteosynthesis, the systemic disease, and smokers. The paper presents the results of treatment aseptic femoral shaft nonunion in 18 patients. They were primarily operated by the method of internal compresive plate fixation and external fixation (open fractures). For fixation we used dinamic internal fixator by Mitkovic. All nonunions treated by this method are healed. In patients with atrophic femoral shaft nonunions in addition to fixation was performed and bone grafting. This implant has proved successful in the treatment of femoral shaft nonunion. During the fixation no periostal and intramedullary vascularization damage, which is an important prerequisite for bone healing. Implant enables biological and mechanical conditions for nonunion healing.     

Characteristics and Trends of Orthopedic Publications between 2000 and 2009

Background

This study was undertaken to investigate the trends of orthopedic publications during the last decade, and to document the country of origin, journal, funding source, and language of contribution using PubMed.

Methods

Orthopedic articles published between 2000 and 2009 were retrieved from PubMed using the following search terms: "orthopaedic[Affiliation] AND ("2000/1/1"[PDAT]: "2009/12/31"[PDAT])" and "orthopedic[Affiliation] AND ("2000/1/1"[PDAT]: "2009/12/31"[PDAT])." The articles were downloaded in XML file format, which contained the following information: article title, author names, journal names, publication dates, article types, languages, authors'' affiliations and funding sources. These information was extracted, sorted, and rearranged using the database''s management software. We investigated the annual number of published orthopedic articles worldwide and the annual rate of increase. Furthermore, the country of publication origin, journal, funding source, and language of contribution were also investigated.

Results

A total of 46,322 orthopedic articles were published and registered in PubMed in the last 10 years. The worldwide number of published orthopedic articles increased from 2,889 in 2000 to 6,909 in 2009, showing an annual increase of 384.6 articles, or an annualized compound rate of 10.2%. The United States ranked highest in the number of published orthopedic articles, followed by Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the Republic of Korea. Among the orthopedic articles published worldwide during the last 10 years, 37.9% pertained studies performed in the United States. Fifty-seven point three percent (57.3%) of articles were published in journals established in the United States. Among the published orthopaedic articles, 4,747 articles (10.2%) disclosed financial support by research funds, of which 4,688 (98.8%) articles utilized research funds from the United States. Most articles were published in English (97.2%, 45,030 articles).

Conclusions

The number of published orthopedic articles has been increasing over the last decade. The number of orthopedic articles, journals publication, and funding sources were dominated by research conducted in the United States, while share and growth of Asian countries including Japan, the Republic of Korea, and China were notable.