谷氨酰胺联合益生菌治疗失代偿肝硬化患者的临床研究

目的观察谷氨酰胺联合益生菌对失代偿肝硬化患者的疗效与安全性。方法收集本院失代偿肝硬化患者78例,随机分为2组,每组39例:对照组用常规治疗;在常规治疗的基础上,试验组用谷氨酰胺联合益生菌治疗,复方谷氨酰胺肠溶胶囊,每次750 mg;枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊口服,每次250 mg,两药均每天3次,连用4周。治疗前后,测定2组的肠黏膜通透性指标、肝功能指标、疗效和药物不良反应(ADR)发生率。结果治疗后,试验组与对照组的尿乳果糖/甘露醇比值分别是0.09±0.06,0.12±0.08,这2组的血清白细胞介素-8水平分别是(15.02±3.69),(18.45±4.10)ng·L^-1,这2组的血清谷丙转氨酶水平分别是(24.61±14.29),(36.82±15.67)U·L^-1,上述3个指标在组间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。对照组和试验组的改善率分别为71.80%,92.31%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组和试验组的ADR发生率分别为15.38%(6例/39例),20.51%(8例/39例),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论谷氨酰胺联合益生菌对失代偿肝硬化患者的治疗效果确切,有助于降低肠黏膜通透性和提高肝功能;且不增加ADR发生率。     

Nephrotoxicity and Kidney Transport Assessment on 3D Perfused Proximal Tubules

Proximal tubules in the kidney play a crucial role in reabsorbing and eliminating substrates from the body into the urine, leading to high local concentrations of xenobiotics. This makes the proximal tubule a major target for drug toxicity that needs to be evaluated during the drug development process. Here, we describe an advanced in vitro model consisting of fully polarized renal proximal tubular epithelial cells cultured in a microfluidic system. Up to 40 leak-tight tubules were cultured on this platform that provides access to the basolateral as well as the apical side of the epithelial cells. Exposure to the nephrotoxicant cisplatin caused a dose-dependent disruption of the epithelial barrier, a decrease in viability, an increase in effluent LDH activity, and changes in expression of tight-junction marker zona-occludence 1, actin, and DNA-damage marker H2A.X, as detected by immunostaining. Activity and inhibition of the efflux pumps P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) were demonstrated using fluorescence-based transporter assays. In addition, the transepithelial transport function from the basolateral to the apical side of the proximal tubule was studied. The apparent permeability of the fluorescent P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 was decreased by 35% by co-incubation with cyclosporin A. Furthermore, the activity of the glucose transporter SGLT2 was demonstrated using the fluorescent glucose analog 6-NBDG which was sensitive to inhibition by phlorizin. Our results demonstrate that we developed a functional 3D perfused proximal tubule model with advanced renal epithelial characteristics that can be used for drug screening studies.