Reduction of perlecan synthesis and induction of TGF-beta1 in human peritoneal mesothelial cells due to high dialysate glucose concentration: implication in peritoneal dialysis

Prolonged exposure of the peritoneal mesothelium to high dialysate glucose concentrations reduces anionic sites that are critical to its selective permeability, thereby impairing the peritoneal transport properties in patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Perlecan, an anionic heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is pivotal to the selective permeability of basement membranes, and high glucose concentrations modulate its synthesis in mesangial cells. The effect of glucose on perlecan expression in the peritoneal mesothelium has not been established. We investigated perlecan expression in peritoneal biopsies from patients on PD, and the effect of high glucose concentrations on perlecan synthesis in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC). Peritoneal biopsies from PD patients showed reduced perlecan expression compared with controls. Exposure of HPMC to high glucose concentrations resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the synthesis of perlecan polypeptide and its deposition into the extracellular matrix. These effects were mediated in part through the induction of TGF-beta1. Characterization studies showed that perlecan synthesized by HPMC contained solely heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (HS GAG) chains, and [(35)S]-incorporation studies demonstrated progressive reduction of their de novo synthesis with increasing glucose concentrations (68142 +/- 3658, 48147 +/- 2517, 31468 +/- 5781, and 25575 +/- 3621 cpm/ micro g cellular protein for 5 mM, 30 mM, 75 mM, and 120 mM D-glucose, respectively; P < 0.001 for 5 mM versus 30 mM D-glucose, and P < 0.0001 for 5 mM versus 75 mM or 120 mM D-glucose). Both the length and the charge density of the HS GAG chains remained unchanged. Reduction of peritoneal perlecan expression in long-term PD was attributed to high dialysate glucose concentrations, which induced TGF-beta1 and reduced perlecan synthesis in HPMC. Since perlecan can sequester growth factors, thereby modulating cell migration and differentiation perturbation of peritoneal perlecan expression contributes to the structural and functional changes of the peritoneum in long-term PD.     

Intraspinal transplantation of CD34+ human umbilical cord blood cells after spinal cord hemisection injury improves functional recovery in adult rats

The present study was designed to compare the functional outcome of the intraspinal transplantation of CD34+ human umbilical cord blood (CB) cells with that of human bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells in adult rats with spinal cord injury. Sixty adult Wistar rats were subjected to left spinal cord hemisection, and then divided into three groups randomly. The control group received an injection of PBS without cells, while the two other groups of rats received a transplantation of 5 x 10(5) CD34+ CB or BMS cells, respectively. Functional outcome was measured using the modified Tarlov score at days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after transplantation. A statistically significant improvement in functional outcome and survival rate in the experimental groups of rats was observed compared with the control group. Rats that received CD34+ CB cells achieved a better improvement in functional score than those that received BMS cells at days 7 and 14 after transplantation. Histological evaluation revealed that bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled CD34+ CB and BMS cells survived and migrated into the injured area. Some of these cells expressed glial fibriliary acidic protein (GFAP) or neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN). Our data demonstrate for the first time that intraspinal transplantation of human CD34+ CB cells provides benefit in function recovery after spinal cord hemisection in rats and suggest that CD34+ CB cells may be an excellent choice of cells as routine starting material of allogenic and autologous transplantations for the treatment of spinal cord injury.     

A multivariate analysis of dysfunctional elimination syndrome, and its relationships with gender, urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux in children

PURPOSE: We explored and quantified the relationships between dysfunctional elimination syndrome (DES), and gender, urinary tract infection (UTI) and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on 2,759 pediatric patients treated at a referral practice who underwent renal sonography and voiding cystourethrography were summarized. The patients were children with VUR or normal genitourinary anatomy who presented with UTI or dysfunctional voiding and children screened for genitourinary problems such as hematuria, sibling reflux or bedwetting. A multivariate logistic regression approach was used to model and quantify the associations between DES and other pediatric urology factors. RESULTS: Of the girls 36.0% with unilateral VUR had DES, while 36.1% with bilateral VUR had DES. The corresponding rates for boys were 20.5% and 21.2%. The higher rate of DES in girls was independent of UTI and VUR status. While UTI was not associated with DES in boys or girls without VUR, in patients with VUR and UTI the risk of DES almost doubled (OR 1.97). Reflux alone without UTI was negatively associated with DES in boys (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.34, 0.73) and girls (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.19, 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: Girls had a significantly higher rate of DES than boys in all UTI and VUR subgroups in the current data. UTI significantly impacts the DES occurrence in patients with VUR. No statistically significant difference was detected in the DES rate between the unilateral and bilateral VUR groups, and the reflux group as a whole did not seem to have a higher rate of DES in boys or girls.     

自体髂骨重建胫骨平台在胫骨外侧平台粉碎性骨折中的应用

目的：采用自体髂骨移植修复重建胫骨平台骨折中骨软骨面的大量缺损，并评价其术后临床结果。方法：对胫骨外侧平台粉碎性骨折中因骨软骨严重碎裂、塌陷而无法复位固定所造成的胫骨平台缺损，用自体髂骨移植的方法予以修复重建。结果：术后经过12个月～5年的随访，平均24个月，按膝关节功能评定标准评分为75～100分，平均85.2分。结论：移植物为髂骨，其供区创伤小，无明显的并发症；受区植入方便，容易固定。可以用来重建胫骨平台。     

阿尔兹海默病患者语义记忆障碍特征性研究

目的 探讨阿尔兹海默病(Alzheimer's disease, AD)患者语义记忆障碍的特点,揭示语义知识在大脑中组织的性质。方法 对43例AD患者及28例正常对照者进行一般认知功能测评和语义记忆评估。语义记忆评估选用常见的有生命类及无生命类物体,进行口头图片命名、口头声音命名、图片关联匹配、词语关联匹配测试。统计每一例被试对物体名称和物体语义关联匹配的正确比例,对数据进行群组分析和个体分析。结果 与正常对照组相比,AD组对有生命物体和无生命物体的名称及语义关联匹配均有损伤。10例患者在有生命物体的语义任务上的成绩显著差于在无生命物体的语义任务上的成绩,而另外6例患者在无生命物体的语义任务上的成绩显著差于在有生命物体的语义任务上的成绩。结论 AD患者存在语义记忆障碍,部分AD患者可出现语义范畴特异性损伤,且可出现语义障碍的范畴双分离现象。这表明有生命物体和无生命物体范畴在大脑内相对独立表征,与大脑中语义知识的分布式表征理论一致。     

胸部爆炸伤紧急救治临床指南（2022年）

胸部爆炸伤是现代战伤和恐怖袭击中最常见的损伤类型之一,也是爆炸伤中致死率最高的伤类之一,大部分严重胸部爆炸伤患者死于受伤早期和院前转运途中,故对其紧急救治特别重要。目前普遍存在治疗不规范、疗效差异大等问题,且临床上缺乏胸部爆炸伤救治规范。中华医学会创伤学分会遵循科学性、实用性和先进性的原则,针对胸部爆炸伤的分型、院前急...     

基于基因表达综合数据库筛选调控急性T淋巴细胞白血病超高剂量率放疗敏感性的枢纽基因

目的 通过生物信息学方法对基因表达综合(GEO)数据库中超高剂量率(FLASH)放疗的数据进行分析,寻找参与调控急性T淋巴细胞白血病FLASH放疗敏感性的枢纽(Hub)基因。方法 从GEO数据库中下载和提取接受FLASH放疗恶性肿瘤基因表达谱芯片数据,采用R软件进行差异基因的筛选,并对这些基因进行生物学功能、信号传导通路等分析。通过STRING在线软件分析差异基因的蛋白质相互作用(PPI) 网络,Cytoscape插件筛选Hub基因。最后,应用肿瘤基因组图谱(TCGA)和GTEx数据库验证Hub基因在急性T淋巴细胞白血病中的表达情况。结果 自GEO数据库中获得GSE100718芯片数据,共有12 800个基因与急性T淋巴细胞白血病放疗敏感性相关。选择表达量显著改变的61个基因进行进一步分析,这些基因参与代谢、应激反应、免疫应答等生物学过程。主要涉及氧化磷酸化、未折叠蛋白应答、脂质代谢等信号转导通路。通过PPI分析筛选出的Hub基因及后续验证表明HSPA5及SCD参与调控FLASH放疗敏感性,且在合并TRD/LMO2融合基因的急性T淋巴细胞白血病中显著高表达。结论 通过生物信息学分析可以有效筛选出调控FLASH放疗敏感性的Hub基因,基因表达谱可用于指导肿瘤患者分层以实现精准放疗。     

Rapid detection of α-amanitin and β-amanitin in rat plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to the toxicokinetic study of Lepiota brunneoincarnata

Forensic Toxicology - Lepiota brunneoincarnata is a well-known poisonous mushroom and is responsible for fatal mushroom poisoning cases worldwide. α-Amanitin and β-amanitin are the main...     

健康托管对机关代谢综合征高危人群行为与相关指标的影响

目的 探讨对机关代谢综合征高危人群实施健康托管的效果.方法 对148名符合代谢综合征高危人群诊断标准的机关干部实施一对一健康托管,并提供网络平台实现自我管理,1年后对健康行为及体质量、腰围、血压等指标进行评价.结果 健康托管后机关代谢综合征高危人群的运动行为明显加强,收缩压、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、空腹血糖及血尿酸显著改善,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).结论 对机关代谢综合征高危人群实施健康托管,在疾病早期进行综合干预,可使高危人群形成良好的健康行为,降低代谢综合征风险.