胸段食管癌三维适形放疗摆位误差研究

Objective To study the setup errors in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for thoracic esophageal carcinoma using electronic portal imaging device(EPID) and calculate the margins from CTV to PTV. Methods Forty-one patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma who received 3DCRT were continuously enrolled into this study. The anterior and lateral electronic portal images (EPI) were aquired by EPID once a week. The setup errors were obtained through comparing the difference between EPI and digitally reconstructed radiographs(DRR). Then the setup margins from CTV to PTV were calculat-ed. By using self paired design,22 patients received definitive radiotherapy with different margins. Group A: the margins were 10 mm in all the three axes;Group B: the margins were aquired in this study. The differ-ence were compared by Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The margins from CTV to PTV in x,y and z axes were 8.72 mm, 10.50 mm and 5.62 mm, respectively. Between the group A and group B, the difference of the maximum dose of the spinal cord was significant(4638.7 cGy±1449.6 cGy vs. 4310.2 cGy±1528.7 cGy; t=5.48, P=0.000), and the difference of NTCP for the spinal cord was also significant (4.82%±5.99% vs. 3.64%±4.70%;Z=-2.70,P=0.007). Conclusions For patients with tho-racic esophageal carcinoma who receive 3DCRT in author's department,the margins from CTV to PTV in x, y and z axes were 8.72 mm, 10.50 mm and 5.62 mm, respectively. The spinal cord could be better protected by using these setup margins than using 10 mm in each axis.     

核素骶髂关节显像对强直性脊柱炎治疗监测的价值

目的 利用核素骶髂关节显像以及骶髂关节与骶骨的核素比值测定方法，探讨其在强直性脊柱炎(AS)治疗监测中的价值。方法 29例临床及CT确诊AS的病人，共58个骶髂关节，先行核素骶髂关节显像及其核素比值测定，然后进行临床药物治疗。治疗后2周再行同样的核素检查方法，观察其变化情况。结果 58个骶髂关节中，有51个骶髂关节示放射性核素呈不同程度浓聚，骶髂关节与骶骨放射性比值明显高于正常；2周后的检查所见其中原有异常的骶髂关节情况明显改善，有51个骶髂关节与骶骨比值均有降低，其中47个降至正常范围。两组比较差异有显著意义。结论 核素骶髂关节显像及其骶髂关节与骶骨核素比值测定，对骶髂关节炎的活动性监测具有重要的应用价值。     

Evaluating sex chromosome content of sorted human sperm samples with use of dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization

OBJECTIVE: Although most methods for selecting the sex of offspring by sorting spermatozoa are ineffective at shifting the ratio of Y- to X-containing cells, some commercial sources continue to offer such services. Our objective was to evaluate commercially “sorted” samples with use of dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization and to identify variations in assessment by comparing motile and total sperm populations, donors, observers, and fluorescence in situ hybridization probes.STUDY DESIGN: Cryopreserved sperm from seven anonymous donors were processed as for insemination. Sperm cells from each total sample or motile subfraction were prepared for fluorescence in situ hybridization by incubation with disulfide-reducing agents to expand sperm nuclei. Two sets of X and Y chromosome–specific, fluorophore-labeled deoxyribonucleic acid probes were used. At least 400 nuclei from each preparation were classified independently by three blinded observers. Hybridization efficiency, aneuploidy, and sex chromosome content were evaluated in subsets of five unsorted, five female-oriented, and five male-oriented samples. Total and motile subfractions were compared with eight samples. Fluorescence in situ hybridization probes were compared in five paired unsorted samples.RESULTS: No differences were detected between washed samples and paired motile subfractions. No differences in hybridization and aneuploidy were detected between groups of sorted samples. The Y/X ratio was significantly different between the sorted groups. However, male-oriented samples had a lower Y/X ratio than female-oriented samples did. Observer and probe choice accounted for small but significant variations that did not alter conclusions about the Y/X ratio for sorted samples.CONCLUSION: In a series of 10 sorted samples from one commercial source, dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated a small but significant shift in the sex chromosome ratios among samples. However, this shift was opposite to that expected by the orientation of the sorted samples. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;176:1172-80.)     

Case-control differences in the reliability of reporting a history of induced abortion

The authors investigated the possibility that, in interview-based case-control studies, controls are more likely than cases to underreport a history of induced abortion. A case-control study was conducted in White women under 45 years of age who had given birth in Washington State during 1984-1994. The cases were women in three metropolitan counties of Washington State diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during 1984-1994; controls were selected through random digit dialing. A history of induced abortion among study participants was compared between interview data and information collected on the birth record of the last child to whom they gave birth (225 cases, 303 controls). Among women with a prior induced abortion recorded on the birth record, 14.0% of the 43 cases and 14.9% of the 47 controls did not report an induced abortion at interview (difference = -0.9%, 95% confidence interval of the difference: -15, 14). The authors' data do not suggest that controls are more reluctant to report a history of induced abortion than are women with breast cancer.     

高效液相色谱法测定舒金克喘胶囊中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的含量

目的：测定舒金克喘胶囊中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的含量。方法：色谱条件：色谱条件与系统适用性实验：Hypersil ODS2 C18分析柱（150mm 4．6mm，5μm）；流动相：甲醇：水=（78：22），检测波长294nm流速1．0ml／min，室温操作。理论塔板数按厚朴酚计算应不低于3000。结果：和厚朴酚与厚朴酚平均回收率分别为99．62%（RSD=1．34％），98．56％（RSD=1．49%）。结论：方法快速准确，样品处理简便易行。     

非小细胞肺癌中DPC4基因的表达与微血管形成的关系

目的：探讨DPC4（deleted in pancreatic carcinoma locus4，DPC4）基因在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中的表达及其与微血管形成的关系。方法：利用免疫组织化学S-P法检测52例NSCLC组织、19例相应的癌旁正常肺组织中DPC4、VEGF的表达，用CD34标记血管内皮细胞并计算微血管密度MVD值。结果：DPC4在肺癌原发灶中的阳性表达率为63．5％（33／52），与癌旁正常肺组织中的阳性表达率89．5％（17／19）相比，DPC4阳性表达水平显著降低（P〈0．05）；DPC4与组织学类型、肿瘤细胞分化程度无关（P〉0．05），但与淋巴结转移显著相关（P〈0．05）。52例NSCLC中，DPC4的表达与VEGF、MVD值均呈负相关（r=-0．303，P=0．020）。结论：DPC4的低表达可能是肺癌发生过程的早期事件，可促进肺癌的淋巴结转移，并可通过直接或间接的作用促进肺癌血管生成。     

卡维地洛治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的 :探讨卡维地洛治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效和安全性。方法 :46例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为治疗组 (26例)和对照组(20例)。对照组采用心力衰竭的标准治疗方案 ;治疗组在心力衰竭标准治疗方案基础上加用卡维地洛 ,治疗6mo。结果 :治疗组左室舒张末径减小 ,左室射血分数明显增加 ,与对照组比较有显著性差异 (P<0 05)。卡维地洛不良反应主要为头昏、乏力、心动过缓和低血压 ,未引起肝、肾功能损害及血象、血脂、电解质和糖代谢变化。结论 :卡维地洛治疗慢性心力衰竭有效、安全 ,能干预左室重塑。     

外阴白色病变患者用壮阳祛痰法为主治疗结果及与相关因素的临床探讨

目的探讨壮阳祛痰法--消白饮治疗外阴白色病变的结果及对性激素、免疫球蛋白和微量元素的影响.方法对82例外阴白色病变患者经病理检查确诊后,分析病因为肾阳不足,痰湿阻络,阴器失养而致,采用自拟消白饮(由淫羊藿、仙茅、桂枝等药组成),同时分别于治疗前后检测自身血清性激素(FSH、LH、E2、P、T);免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM);头发微量元素(Cu、Zn、Fe、Ca、Mg)水平.结果治疗后治愈69例,占85.4%,总有效率100%,治疗后检测FSH、LH、下降,E2、P、T、IgG、IgA、上升,与治疗前比较,有显著性差异(P＜0.05),IgM、微量元素比值与治疗前比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论壮阳祛痰法对外阴白色病变患者有较好的治疗效果,具有提高E2、P、T水平,增强机体免疫功能的作用.     

血压平逆转2K1C肾性高血压大鼠左室重构的作用及其机理的研究

目的:研究血压平逆转二肾一夹肾性高血压大鼠左室重构的作用及其机理。方法:建立2K1C肾性高血压大鼠(RHR)模型,术后8周40只RHR随机分为5组,每组8只,分为:血压平大、中、小剂量组(73、36.5、18.25g·kg-1·d-1);依那普利组(10g·kg-1·d-1);模型组,另取8只大鼠作为假手术对照组。模型组和假手术组灌服等容量水,疗程8周。手术前及术后每周测血压1次,给药第8周末,各组测量大鼠体重(BW),眼眶放血2ml,断头处死大鼠,迅速取出心脏,去除心房、右室游离壁,左室及室间隔称重(LVW),计算LVW/BW之比。采用放免法检测血清PCⅢ,心肌组织石蜡切片HE染色及SP免疫组化染色高清晰度图像分析系统测量心肌细胞形态参数及原癌基因cmyc和cfos表达阳性细胞的平均光密度值。结果:血压平降低血压,降低左室重量(LVW)、左室重量指数(LVW/BW)、心肌细胞体积及血清PCⅢ含量,抑制原癌基因cmyc和cfos的表达,血压平大、中剂量组LVW、LVW/BW及血清PCⅢ含量明显低于模型组(P<0.01),图像分析心肌细胞形态参数(面积、周长、平均直径、长径及短径)及cmyc、cfos表达阳性的心肌细胞平均光密度值明显低于模型组(P<0.01),与假手术组接近(P>0.05)。结论:复方中药血压平具有逆转2K1C肾性高血压大鼠左室重构的作用,其降低血压和血清PCⅢ含量、抑制Ⅲ型胶原合成、防治心肌纤维化及降低原癌基因cmyc和cfos的表达、抑制心肌细胞肥大、减轻左心室肥厚是其逆转二肾一夹肾性高血压大鼠左室重构的部分机制。     

Ocular microtremor (OMT): a new neurophysiological approach to multiple sclerosis

Using a piezoelectric transducer, the frequency and pattern of ocular microtremor (OMT) between 50 normal subjects and 50 patients with multiple sclerosis were compared. Controls were age matched. All records were analysed blindly. The frequency of OMT in the normal group was 86 (SD 6) Hz, which was significantly different from that of the multiple sclerosis group (71 (SD) 10 Hz, p<0.001). Those in the multiple sclerosis group with clinical evidence of brain stem or cerebellar disease (n=36) had an average OMT frequency of 67 (SD 9) Hz (p<0.001) compared with normal (n=86), whereas those with no evidence of brain stem or cerebellar involvement (n=14) had a frequency of 81.2 (SD 6) Hz (p<0.05, n=64). The differences between the two multiple sclerosis groups were also significant (p<0. 001, n=50). At least one abnormality (frequency and pattern) of OMT activity was seen in 78% of patients with multiple sclerosis. In the presence of brain stem or cerebellar disease 89% had abnormal records whereas in the absence of such disease 50% had abnormal records. This is the first report of the application of this technique to patients with multiple sclerosis. The results suggest that OMT activity may be of value in the assessment of multiple sclerosis.