眼眶磁共振扫描blade技术和常规技术对信噪比的影响

目的通过常规技术和Blade技术检查眼眶疾病患者图像信噪比,探讨Blade技术对伪影发生、影像质量的改善情况。方法选取2012-07至2013-06行眼眶磁共振扫描的患者,并且行常规眼眶Tse T2WI序列扫描时显现不同程度的不自主运动伪影,最终纳入136例。采用德国西门子公司Trio Tim3．0T超导磁共振成像系统,以在相同位置对所有患者先后进行常规磁共振扫描和Blade技术扫描,并以常规磁共振扫描图像的图像质量分级,将136例分为轻度、中度和重度伪影组,获取不同组两种扫描图像的信噪比,从而评价Blade技术对图像质量的改善情况。结果轻度伪影组眼球区（t=4．159,P〈0．05）和骨膜外区（t=-4．306,P〈0．05）Blade技术信噪比明显高于常规技术;中度伪影组各眼眶分区内Blade技术信噪比与常规技术比较无统计学差异;重度伪影组眼球区（t=-4．917,P〈0．05）、视神经鞘区（Z=-4．687,P〈0．05）和骨膜外区（Z=-3．431,P〈0．05）Blade技术信噪比明显高于常规技术。结论Blade技术可提高眼眶扫描中图像的信噪比,且在同一伪影程度组中不同眼眶分区的信噪比差异有区别。     

HPLC 法测定牛黄上清片中 5 种成分的含量

目的建立RP—HPLC法测定牛黄上清片中栀子苷、芍药苷、连翘苷、盐酸小檗碱与甘草酸铵含量的方法。方法采用色谱柱ZorbaxSB-C18柱（5μm,250mm×4．6mm）,乙腈为流动相A,0．05mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钾溶液和0．1％十二烷基硫酸钠为流动相B,甲醇为流动相C进行梯度洗脱,检测波长230nm,柱温为25℃。结果栀子苷在2．88～28．80μg·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为104．08％（RSD=0．6％）;芍药苷在2．38～23．82μg·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为96．15％（RSD=1．1％）;连翘苷在5．60～56．00μg·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为97．17％（RSD=0．5％）;盐酸小檗碱在3．88～38．84μg·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为102．63％（RSD=0．8％）;甘草酸铵在2．08～20．80μg·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为104．55％（RSD=1．3％）。结论本文方法重复性好,准确性、专属性强,可用于牛黄上清片中栀子苷、芍药苷、连翘苷、盐酸小檗碱与甘草酸铵的含量测定,为较全面地控制牛黄上清片的质量提供了简便可靠的方法。     

Involvement of oxidative stress in the accelerated formation of pentosidine in patients with end-stage renal failure

SUMMARY: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been found to accumulate in the amyloid deposits, skin and plasma of haemodialysis patients (HD), implicating the possible involvement of AGE-modified protein in pathogenesis in dialysis-related amyloidosis. Pentosidine, an AGE cross-link, is a specific marker for AGEs. Plasma pentosidine levels in HD patients were increased dramatically. In the present study, plasma pentosidine, fructoselysine, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) levels were measured to elucidate the role of oxidative stress in pentosidine formation in nondiabetic HD patients. Plasma pentosidine did not correlate with fructoselysine; plasma AOPP levels were significantly higher than those in normal subjects (201.45 ± 57.93 vs. 55.91 ± 6.57 μmol/L, P <0.001) and correlated positively with plasma pentosidine in HD patients ( r =0.52, P <0.005); plasma GSHPx levels were significantly lower than those in normal subjects (168.40 ± 65.08 vs. 348.87 ± 86.10 U/I, P <0.001) and correlated negatively with plasma pentosidine ( r =0.54, P <0.001) in HD patients. Decreased GSHPx levels may lead to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. These findings implicate the involvement of oxidative stress in the accelerated formation of pentosidine in uraemia and suggest that pentosidine could be considered as an oxidative stress biomarker to estimate the degree of oxidative-stress-mediated protein damage.     

Comparison of renal function detriments after local tumor ablation or partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma

Purpose

Local tumor ablation (LTA) and partial nephrectomy (PN) represent treatment alternatives for patients diagnosed with small renal mass and both may result in renal function detriments. The aim of the study was to compare renal function detriments after LTA or PN.

Methods

A Surveillance epidemiology and End Results-Medicare-linked retrospective cohort of 2850 T1 kidney cancer patients who underwent LTA or PN was abstracted. Short-term outcomes consisted of 30-day acute kidney injury (AKI) and 30-day dialysis rates. Long-term outcomes consisted of episodes of AKI, mild and moderate–severe chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease, hemodialysis and anemia in CKD. Analyses consisted of propensity score matching, logistic and Cox regression.

Results

After propensity score matching, 1122 patients remained. The 30-day incidence of AKI was 4.6 % after LTA and 9.4 % after PN. In multivariable analyses (MVAs), LTA was associated with a lower AKI rate (OR 0.42; p = 0.001). The 30-day incidence of any dialysis was <2 % after either LTA or PN. In MVA, LTA was not associated with a lower rate of any dialysis (OR 0.43; p = 0.2). At long-term assessment, both the unadjusted and adjusted rates of all six examined end points were not different between LTA and PN (all p > 0.5).

Conclusions

LTA offers short-term protective effect from AKI. The short-term rates of any dialysis treatment are similar after either LTA or PN. At long-term assessment, LTA and PN renal function detriment rates are not different. Concern for long-term functional outcomes should not be a barrier for PN.

     

Xuezhikang ameliorates contrast media-induced nephropathy in rats via suppression of oxidative stress,inflammatory responses and apoptosis

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the preventive effect of xuezhikang (XZK) to replace atorvastatin on the contrast media-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI).

Methods: The male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups: group 1 (sham), injected with normal saline; group 2 (XZK), treated with XZK; group 3 contrast media (CM), injected with CM; group 4 (CM?+?ATO), injected with CM?+?pretreatment with atorvastatin; group 5 (CM?+?XZK), injected with CM?+?pretreatment with XZK. Twenty-four hours after injection with normal saline or CM, the blood sample and the kidneys were collected for the measurement of biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, nitric oxide production, inflammatory parameters, as well as renal histopathology and apoptosis detection.

Results: Our results indicated that XZK restored the renal function by reducing serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr), depressing renal malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing renal NO production, decreasing TNF-ɑ and IL-6 expression, attenuating renal pathological changes and inhibiting the apoptosis of renal tubular cells.

Conclusion: XZK’s therapeutic effect is similar, or even better than atorvastatin at the same effectual dose in some parts.     

CT灌注成像对非卒中型烟雾病血流动力学的分析

目的：分析非卒中型烟雾病(MMD)患者脑血流动力学改变特点。方法对12例颅脑 CT 平扫未发现病变,经 DSA 证实的 MMD 患者(病例组)和10例正常成人(对照组)行多排螺旋 CT 灌注成像(CTPI),计算出2组样本相对应脑解剖部位血流动力学参数,对比分析所得数值的统计学意义。结果病例组不同部位脑组织各血流灌注参数差异均有显著统计学意义(P =0.000);对照组不同部位脑组织各血流灌注参数差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05)。病例组额叶、颞叶、顶叶及基底节区脑血容量(rCBV)明显高于对照组(P <0.01);病例组额叶脑血流量(rCBF)低于对照组(P <0.05);病例组额叶、颞叶、顶叶对比剂平均通过时间(MTT)及额叶对比剂峰值时间(TTP)较对照组延长(P <0.05)。结论CTPI 可以定量地反映脑组织的血流动力学改变,对评价尚未出现脑组织形态学变化的 MMD 患者脑循环障碍具有重要价值。     

髋关节数字化断层融合摄影的低剂量研究

目的 探讨髋关节数字化断层融合(DTS)摄影中最佳剂量比的设定,以最大程度地减少患者接受的辐射剂量.方法 90例行髋关节数字化断层融合摄影的患者,以随机数字表法,分别以6、7、8倍的剂量比组进行DTS检查,使用单因素方差分析比较不同剂量比设定下所得的图像质量和辐射剂量.结果 3组的表面吸收剂量(ESD)、剂量面积乘积(DAP)、图像质量评分分别为[(3.76±1.89)mGy、(18.41±11.71)dGy ·cm²、3.03±0.24]、[(5.24±2.76)mGy、(26.99±13.34)dGy ·cm²)、3.60±0.11]、[(6.39±1.75)mGy、(36.96±22.49)dGy ·cm²、3.64±0.09],各组间差异有统计学意义(F=10.94、9.45、139.26, P<0.05),通过3组间两两比较,ESD值和DAP值均是6倍剂量比组<7倍剂量比组<8倍剂量比组.6倍剂量比组的图像质量评分低于其他两组,7倍剂量比组和8倍剂量比组的图像质量评分差异无统计学意义.结论 剂量比是决定DTS检查辐射剂量的重要参数,髋关节DTS检查的剂量比设置为7时,可实现低曝光剂量和高图像质量的平衡,以最大限度地保护患者免受不必要的辐射损害.     

转移睾丸精索鞘膜修补尿道下裂术后尿瘘

目的:探讨尿道下裂术后尿瘘的修复方法,总结手术经验,提高手术成功率。方法:收集本院从2002年9月至2008年12月46例尿道下裂术后尿瘘修补术患者的临床资料,平均年龄11.7岁(3～26岁),共52个瘘口,瘘口直径均小于5mm,其中阴茎体部25例,阴茎阴囊交界处12例,阴囊处9例,分别采用连续内翻缝合法修补20例,转移睾丸精索鞘膜修补26例。结果:连续内翻缝合法一次修补成功率为55%(11/20),加用转移睾丸精索鞘膜修补一次成功率为84.6%(22/26)。结论:在连续内翻缝合的基础上,加用转移睾丸精索鞘膜修补尿瘘有更高的成功率。     

乳管内窥镜在合并甲状腺功能低下或垂体瘤的双侧乳头溢液中的应用

目的 探讨合并甲状腺功能低下或垂体瘤的双侧乳头溢液与乳腺导管内病变的关系.方法 对222例临床确诊的甲状腺功能低下(94例)和垂体瘤(128例)患者行乳管镜检查.结果 222例患者中有64例乳管镜诊断为乳腺导管内乳头状瘤,158例诊断为导管扩张炎症.64例均行手术治疗,术后病理证实59例为导管内乳头状瘤,5例为导管扩张性炎症,病理符合率为92.18%(59/64),未见乳腺癌.合并甲状腺功能低下或垂体瘤的双侧乳头溢液患者各民族之间分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);绝经前的合并垂体瘤的患者发生导管病变的概率高于甲状腺功能低下患者,而绝经后甲状腺功能低下患者发生导管病变的概率高于垂体瘤患者(P<0.05);合并垂体瘤的乳头溢液多为乳汁样,而合并甲状腺功能低下的乳头溢液多为清水样.本组乳管内乳头状瘤约71.19%发生在主导管以下的分支导管.结论 合并甲状腺功能低下或垂体瘤的双侧乳头溢液患者要考虑到发生导管内病变的可能.乳管镜是较为适宜的检查方法.     

应用烦肌粘膜瓣转移延长软腭

目的:探讨颊肌粘膜瓣的解剖及应用其延长软腭,同时改善腭咽闭合不全.方法:在软硬腭交界处切开腭粘膜肌层,腭肌下分离,形成以舌腭弓为蒂的口腔侧腭粘膜肌瓣.由软腭正中纵形切开鼻腔侧粘膜,形成边长为1.0～1.5cm的对偶三角瓣,交叉缝合.口腔侧腭粘膜肌瓣后推位与鼻腔侧粘膜瓣缝合固定,软硬腭交界处形成一个横形创面,应用一侧颊肌粘膜瓣转移覆盖以延长软腭,供瓣区直接缝合.结果:本组16例患者,软腭平均延长1.0～1.5cm,腭咽闭合不全基本矫正.颊肌粘膜瓣无一例出现血运障碍.结论:应用鼻腔粘膜的"Z"字成形及口腔侧的腭粘膜肌瓣后推,颊肌粘膜瓣转移,能有效地延长短缩的软腭,明显改善腭咽闭合不全,使腭裂音质的改善有了解剖学基础.