盲人智能探路手杖的研究

本文介绍了盲人智能探路手杖的研究.该系统由单片机控制,采用两只超声波传感器的探测模式,对盲人行进路上的路况进行探测和分析,并针对不同的路况发出相应的提示信息,以达到辅助盲人安全行走的目的.     

磷酸组织胺诱导的Ⅰ型超敏反应对肝损伤作用的研究

目的:通过观察与Ⅰ型超敏反应相关的生物活性介质--组织胺对家兔肝脏有无直接损伤作用,进一步论证Ⅰ型超敏反应对肝脏的损伤作用.方法:选择34只家兔随机分为对照组、实验Ⅰ组和实验Ⅱ组3组;对照组只进行正常饲料喂养,实验Ⅰ组在正常饲料喂养的同时每天给予0.4μg/kg耳静脉注射磷酸组胺注射液,实验Ⅱ组在正常饲料喂养的同时每天给予0.08 μg/kg耳静脉注射磷酸组胺注射液;动态观察以上3个组的血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及血清谷草转氨酶(AST)变化;利用光学显微镜观察以上3个组肝组织的病理变化.结果:无论是实验Ⅰ组或实验Ⅱ组,经过一段时间的观察,发现血清内ALT和AST含量均显着高于对照组(P＜0.01),但Ⅰ、Ⅱ组之间无显着性差异(P＞0.05);实验Ⅰ组和实验Ⅱ组在显微镜下观察,其肝脏均有不同程的损伤和病理改变,且实验Ⅱ组的损伤和变化大于实验Ⅰ组,而对照组的肝脏则无明显的病理变化.结论:组织胺对家兔肝脏确实有一定的损伤作用,而且随着投予剂量和时间的增加,肝脏的损伤和病理变化也越显著;通过本研究,可以得出Ⅰ型超敏反应导致肝脏病理变化及损伤的见解.     

GSK-3及P70S6K在胰岛素抵抗大鼠肌肉中的表达及意义

目的:观察饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗(IR)大鼠骨骼肌中糖原合成酶-3(GSK-3)及核糖体S6蛋白激酶(P70S6K)的表达及变化情况,并探讨GSK-3和P70S6K在IR发生中的作用及意义.方法:将40只4周龄Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、高糖组、高脂组、高脂高糖饲养组,喂养8周后用高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹技术(钳夹试验)对大鼠进行胰岛素敏感性的评估,采用Western blot法检测各组大鼠骨骼肌中GSK-3及P70S6K的含量,同时测定各组大鼠的附睾脂肪垫重量、血糖(BG)、胰岛素(INS)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)及游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP).结果:高脂高糖组、高脂组大鼠产生明显IR,体重增加(P＜0.01),以附睾脂肪垫的重量增加更为显著(P＜0.01),TG、TC及FFA水平、hsCRP增加(P＜0.01),GSK-3、P70S6K在IR大鼠肌肉中的表达明显升高.结论:高脂高糖饮食可诱导大鼠产生IR,IR大鼠的hsCRP、TG、TC及FFA水平明显增高,大鼠产生IR与炎症反应有关,GSK-3、P70S6K在IR大鼠中的表达明显升高,在胰岛素信号传导中起负相调节作用.     

Plasmids encoding foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 epitopes elicited immune responses in mice and swine and protected swine against viral infection

VP1 is a capsid protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and contains epitopes of the virus. Plasmids encoding two VP1 epitopes (amino acid residues 141-160 and 200-213) and a host-self immunoglobulin molecule were constructed to produce a new type of FMD DNA vaccine. Two plasmids, namely, pCEIM and pCEIS, containing mouse immunoglobulin (IgG) or swine IgG were subjected to immunogenicity testing in mice and swine, respectively. In mice administrated pCEIM in the abdomen using a genegun, both FMDV-specific T-cell proliferation and neutralizing antibodies were detected. In swine immunized with pCEIS at the back of the ear, immune responses were achieved after the second administration. Swine showed a T-cell proliferative response with a stimulation index (SI) of up to 8.1 and a neutralizing antibody response that was able to protect suckling mice from 10(2) LD(50) (lethal dose 50) FMDV challenge. To compare the immunogenicity of the DNA-based vaccine candidate, versus the protein-based vaccine candidates, a second group of swine was immunized with the protein F1-scIgG, which was encoded by the plasmid pCEIS. Injection with F1-scIgG elicited a T-cell proliferative response of SI < 1.7 and a neutralizing antibody response that protected suckling mice from up to 10(5) LD(50) FMDV challenge. In the challenge test, three of three swine immunized with pCEIS were fully protected from FMDV challenge.     

蚌埠市蚌山区2012-2020年疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

目的 通过分析蚌埠市蚌山区疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)监测数据,了解AEFI发生及流行特征,为预防接种安全性研究及目前开展的新冠疫苗接种工作提供参考依据.方法 分别通过AEFI信息管理系统和安徽省免疫规划信息系统收集蚌山区2012-2020年AEFI个案信息和疫苗接种信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析.结果 2012-2020年全区累计报告AEFI 268例,报告发生率为39.64/10万剂次,其中2020年最高(76.64/10万剂次),2017年最低(21.37/10万剂次),报告发生率差异有统计学意义(x2=47.891,P＜0.001).AEFI的报告以二、三季度为多,占全年的70.52％.一般反应和异常反应发生率分别为35.21/10万剂次和4.14/10万剂次,偶合症发生率为0.30/10万剂次,无心因性反应,无疫苗接种事故和疫苗质量事故的报告;严重AEFI发生率为0.44/10万剂次.男女性别比为1.68∶1,以≤1岁儿童最高,占69.78％.报告例数在前3位的疫苗分别是:百白破疫苗(无细胞)、白破疫苗、乙肝疫苗,合计报告178例,占比66.42％(178/268).结论 蚌山区AEFI监测系统运转良好,AEFI监测系统敏感性较高,疫苗接种安全性较好.     

急性脑卒中血清、尿、脑脊液β2—微球蛋白的临床研究

目的探讨急性脑卒中与血清、尿、脑脊液β2-MG的相关性及其临床意义.方法应用放射免疫法测定108例脑梗死和94例脑出血1周内β2-MG,并在1～3周后进行复查.同时测定部分尿β2-MG含量,部分做了脑脊液β2-MG含量动态观察.结果1周内血清、尿、脑脊液β2-MG含量(μg/L)脑梗死和脑出血组分别2417±1094和2004±1029、169.1±186.8和276.5±212.0、1994±1283和2983±1179,与正常对照组比较明显升高,P＜0.05或P＜0.001或P＜0.001.治疗1～3周后复查均有不同程度的减低.结论急性脑卒中与血、尿、脑脊液β2-MG有明显相关性,可用于观察病情变化.     

护理人员应付方式的相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响护理人员应付方式的相关因素。方法 采用应付方式问卷和艾森克个性问卷对303名护理人员进行评定。结果 护理人员的应付方式与个性心理特征相关性较大,与年龄和护龄不呈线性关系,与是否倒班和不同的科室无关。4－5年和6－8年护龄的护理人员在应用解决问题应付方式上,比其他护龄组明显减少。结论 应加强护理人员,尤其是工作4－8年的护理人员的应付方式的指导。     

Culture bovine prospermatogonia with 2i medium

Germplasm cryopreservation and expansion of gonocytes/prospermatogonia or spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are important; however, it's difficult in cattle. Since inhibitors of Mek1/2 and Gsk3β (2i) can enhance pluripotency maintenance, effects of 2i-based medium on the cultivation of bovine prospermatogonia from the cryopreserved tissues were examined. The testicular tissues of newborn bulls were well cryopreserved. High mRNA levels of prospermatogonium/SSC markers (PLZF, GFRα-1) and pluripotency markers (Oct4/Pouf5, Sox2, Nanog) were detected and the PLZF⁺/GFRα-1⁺ prospermatogonia were consistently identified immunohistochemically in the seminiferous cords. Using differential plating and Percoll-based centrifugation, 41.59% prospermatogonia were enriched and they proliferated robustly in 2i medium. The 2i medium boosted mRNA abundances of Pouf5, Sox2, Nanog, GFRα-1, PLZF, anti-apoptosis gene Bcl2, LIF receptor gene LIFR and enhanced PLZF protein expression, but suppressed mRNA expressions of spermatogonial differentiation marker c-kit and pro-apoptotic gene Bax, in the cultured prospermatogonia. It also alleviated H₂O₂-induced apoptosis of the enriched cells and decreased histone H3 lysine (K9) trimethylation (H3K9me3) and its methylase Suv39h1/2 mRNA level in the cultured seminiferous cords. Overall, 2i medium improves the cultivation of bovine prospermatogonia isolated from the cryopreserved testes, by inhibiting Suv39h1/2-mediated H3K9me3 through Mek1/2 and Gsk3β signalling, evidencing successful cryopreservation and expansion of bovine germplasm.     

Pyriform sinus fistula in children: A comparison of endoscopic-assisted surgery and endoscopic radiofrequency ablation

BackgroundPyriform sinus fistula (PSF) is a rare congenital anomaly, and the preferred definitive treatment is yet to be verified. In this study, we investigated the treatment outcomes of PSF specifically comparing endoscopic-assisted surgery and endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RA).MethodsThe medical records of patients treated for PSF at the Shanghai Children's Hospital between October 2016 and September 2019 were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsThere were 93 girls and 98 boys. The median age at onset and operation was 3 years and 5 years, respectively. Endoscopic-assisted surgery was performed in 143 patients. During the same period, RA was performed in 48 patients, and 10 of them concurrently underwent incision and drainage of neck abscesses. Longer hospital stay was found in the endoscopic-assisted surgery group than in the RA group (10.50 ± 3.93 vs. 5.02 ± 3.30 days, P < 0.001). Postoperative complications were not significantly different between the two groups, except for neck infection (0 vs. 8.3%, P = 0.004). After a median follow-up period of 21 months, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of recurrence (1.4% vs. 0, P = 0.560).ConclusionPatients treated with RA had a significantly shorter hospital stay than those treated with endoscopic-assisted surgery. Outcomes of endoscopic-assisted surgery and RA were not significantly different for the management of PSF and treatment method should be tailored to the patient.Level of evidenceIV.