滋肾通络方对高糖诱导的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞TGF-β1、MMP-2、MMP-9mRNA表达影响的实验研究

目的:观察滋肾通络方含药血清对高糖环境下LPS刺激大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(GMCs)TGF-β1、MMP-2、MMP-9mRNA的影响,并探讨其在防治糖尿病肾病(DN)中的机制。方法:以高糖环境下LPS刺激大鼠肾小球系膜细胞生长建立模型,分为以下8组:(1)正常组;(2)高糖组;(3)高糖+LPS组;(4)苯那普利组;(5)滋肾通络方小剂量组;(6)滋肾通络方中剂量组;(7)滋肾通络方大剂量组。采用RT-PCR技术从分子生物学水平检测各组系膜细胞中TGF-β1、MMP-2及MMP-9mRNA表达。结果:与正常组相比,高糖组、高糖+LPS组TGF-β1mRNA的表达明显升高(P<0.01),MMP-2及MMP-9mRNA的表达明显降低(P<0.01);与模型组相比较,滋肾通络方大、中、小剂量组对大鼠肾小球GMCs TGF-β1mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05),MMP-2、MMP-9mRNA表达明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:滋肾通络方含药血清能够抑制大鼠肾小球GMCs TGF-β1mRNA的表达,增加MMP-2、MMP-9mRNA的表达,从而通过增加肾小球系膜细胞细胞外基质的降解以延缓DN进展。     

RNA干扰畸胎瘤源性生长因子基因对食管鳞癌细胞生物学行为的影响

目的 探讨RNA干扰畸胎瘤源性生长因子（PCDGF）基因对食管鳞癌细胞Eca-109的影响.方法 脂质体介导PCDGF-shRNA的表达载体转染Eca-109细胞,应用RT-PCR、Westernblot检测转染后细胞PCDGF mRNA及蛋白的表达情况,分别采用Counting Kit-8（CCK-8）试剂盒和Boyden小室法检测转染后Eca-109细胞的增殖能力和侵袭能力.结果 转染组PCDGF mRNA和蛋白表达水平均较其他组下调.转染24、48和72 h转染组细胞增殖均受到抑制,抑制率分别为20.4％、21.1％和20.9％,其细胞增殖活性较未转染组、阴性质粒组和脂质体组均明显降低（均 P＜0.05）.未转染组、阴性质粒组、脂质体组和转染组的细胞迁移数分别为118.8±12.0、100.8±9.0、114.3±4.7和 53.5±16.3,转染组与其余3组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P=0.001,P=0.002,P=0.002）.结论 RNA干扰PCDGF基因可抑制食管鳞癌细胞的体外增殖及侵袭能力,PCDGF基因可能成为基因治疗的新靶点.     

纳米炭混悬液在甲状腺乳头状癌中央组淋巴结清扫中的应用

目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状癌中央组淋巴结清扫术中使用纳米炭混悬液的意义.方法 甲状腺乳头状癌中央组淋巴结清扫术中使用纳米炭混悬液病例45例(淋巴结示踪组),与同期术中未使用纳米炭混悬液病例49例(空白对照组)在清扫淋巴结数目、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、甲状旁腺功能等方面进行比较.结果 淋巴结示踪组手术时间为(80.47±9.23) min、术中出血量为(35.53±7.43)ml、术后引流量为(71.09±12.18) ml;空白对照组手术时间为(84.65±12.01) min、术中出血量为(35.14±9.08) ml、术后引流量为(69.37±15.38) ml,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);淋巴结示踪组术后低钙发生率(4.4％)低于空白对照组(20.4％,P＜0.05);淋巴结示踪组术后1d甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平[(35.36±18.35) ng/L]高于空白对照组[(26.58±15.80) ng/L,P＜0.05]、淋巴结示踪组术后1周PTH水平[(37.67±17.29) ng/L]高于空白对照组[(28.06±17.15) ng/L,P＜0.01];淋巴结示踪组手术切除淋巴结的数目(9.40±2.35)枚多于空白对照组[(7.86±2.06)枚,P＜0.01].结论 术中使用纳米炭混悬液并未增加手术时间、术后引流量及术后并发症,提高了中央组淋巴结清扫的数目,同时有助于识别甲状旁腺并保护甲状旁腺功能.     

胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的诊断与治疗：附22 例报告

目的：总结胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的诊断和治疗经验。 方法：回顾性分析2004年1月—2010年12月收治的22例胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤患者的临床资料。 结果：22例中男4例,女18例;年龄16~74（平均47.0）岁。患者多以腹痛腹胀等非特异性症状就诊,部分无症状。超声诊断灵敏度为86.3%（19/22）,CT诊断灵敏度为93.8%（15/16）,MRI诊断灵敏度为100%（12/12）。患者均接受手术治疗及病理检查证实,其中5例行胰十二指肠切除术,1例行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术,2例行胰腺中段切除术,3例行胰体尾切除术,5例行胰体尾及脾切除术,2例行腹腔镜下胰体尾及脾切除术,4例行胰腺肿瘤局部剜除术。全组无围手术期死亡,术后5例发生胰瘘,1例发生胰腺残端出血,1例发生胃排空延迟,均经保守治疗后好转出院。随访10个月至6年,均未发现肿瘤复发。 结论：胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤多见于中老年女性,超声、CT及MRI诊断价值高,手术是安全有效的治疗方法。     

Hyperactive Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 Signaling Potentiates Skeletal Defects in a Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Mouse Model

Dysregulated transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling is associated with a spectrum of osseous defects as seen in Loeys‐Dietz syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and Camurati‐Engelmann disease. Intriguingly, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients exhibit many of these characteristic skeletal features, including kyphoscoliosis, osteoporosis, tibial dysplasia, and pseudarthrosis; however, the molecular mechanisms mediating these phenotypes remain unclear. Here, we provide genetic and pharmacologic evidence that hyperactive TGF‐β1 signaling pivotally underpins osseous defects in Nf1^flox/?;Col2.3Cre mice, a model which closely recapitulates the skeletal abnormalities found in the human disease. Compared to controls, we show that serum TGF‐β1 levels are fivefold to sixfold increased both in Nf1^flox/?;Col2.3Cre mice and in a cohort of NF1 patients. Nf1‐deficient osteoblasts, the principal source of TGF‐β1 in bone, overexpress TGF‐β1 in a gene dosage–dependent fashion. Moreover, Nf1‐deficient osteoblasts and osteoclasts are hyperresponsive to TGF‐β1 stimulation, potentiating osteoclast bone resorptive activity while inhibiting osteoblast differentiation. These cellular phenotypes are further accompanied by p21‐Ras–dependent hyperactivation of the canonical TGF‐β1–Smad pathway. Reexpression of the human, full‐length neurofibromin guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)‐activating protein (GAP)‐related domain (NF1 GRD) in primary Nf1‐deficient osteoblast progenitors, attenuated TGF‐β1 expression levels and reduced Smad phosphorylation in response to TGF‐β1 stimulation. As an in vivo proof of principle, we demonstrate that administration of the TGF‐β receptor 1 (TβRI) kinase inhibitor, SD‐208, can rescue bone mass deficits and prevent tibial fracture nonunion in Nf1^flox/?;Col2.3Cre mice. In sum, these data demonstrate a pivotal role for hyperactive TGF‐β1 signaling in the pathogenesis of NF1‐associated osteoporosis and pseudarthrosis, thus implicating the TGF‐β signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of NF1 osseous defects that are refractory to current therapies. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Extracorporeal High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation in the Treatment of Patients with Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive treatment modality that induces complete coagulative necrosis of a deep tumor through the intact skin. The current study was conducted to determine the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of extracorporeal HIFU in the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: A total of 55 patients with HCC with cirrhosis were enrolled in this prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. Among them, 51 patients had unresectable HCC. Tumor size ranged from 4 to 14 cm in diameter with mean diameter of 8.14 cm. According to tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification, 15 patients corresponded to stage II, 16 to stage IIIA, and 24 to IIIC. All patients had HIFU, and the median number of HIFU session was 1.69. Safety and efficacy of HIFU were assessed in this trial.Results: No severe side effect was observed in the patients treated with HIFU. Follow-up imaging showed an absence of tumor vascular supply and the shrinkage of treated lesions. Serum -fetoprotein returned to normal level in 34% of patients. The overall survival rates at 6, 12, and 18 months were 86.1%, 61.5%, and 35.3%, respectively. The survival rates were significantly higher in patients in stage II than those in stage IIIA (P = .0132) and in stage IIIC (P = .0265).Conclusion: As a noninvasive therapy, HIFU appears to be effective, safe, and feasible in the treatment of patients with HCC. It may play an important role in the ablation of large tumors.     

T—2毒素诱发哺乳动物细胞DNA单链断裂效应

用总洗脱时间为2h 的碱洗脱技术测定不同剂量~(60)Co-γ线照射后 L_(1210)细胞的 DNA 单链断裂,能获得与照射剂量呈直线关系的洗脱动力学曲线,剂量效应关系 r=-0.9986。0.1、1、10和100μg/ml 的 T-2毒索与哺乳动物细胞(L_(1210)和 HEL)作用3或24h均诱导轻度 DNA 单链断裂,相对 DNA 单链断裂度为11%～19%。     

烟雾病并发颅内出血的DSA影像分析

目的　探讨烟雾病并发颅内出血的DSA表现特征。方法　 19例患者均经CT诊断为颅内出血 ,经股动脉穿刺插管行全脑血管造影。结果　 19例脑血管造影均为烟雾病表现 ,具有下列特征 :1受累动脉狭窄或闭塞 ;2颅底部烟雾状毛细血管网 ;3大量的侧支循环形成。结论　CT检查一般只能提示颅内出血的部位 ,而DSA检查是诊断烟雾病的主要手段 ,具有明显优势     

肾癌术前肾动脉栓塞及化疗性栓塞的疗效评价

目的　对 19例肾癌术前肾动脉栓塞及化疗性栓塞技术的疗效进行评价。方法　术前单纯性栓塞组 8例 ,化疗性栓塞组 11例 ,对其手术过程和病理切片进行回顾性研究。结果　所有病例均成功地实施术前栓塞 ,栓塞后手术可见肿瘤血供基本中断 ;病理可见肿瘤坏死明显且与周围组织界限清楚。讨论　肾癌术前肾动脉栓塞及化疗性栓塞对减少围手术期的风险及预后均有积极的影响     

壳聚糖固定化酶的制备及应用

壳聚糖作为一种固定大分子载体得到了广泛的应用 ,本文综述了壳聚糖固定化酶的制备及其在医药治疗、生化分析、环保应用等方面进展。戊二醛处理壳聚糖是一种增加固定化酶性能的通用方法 ,也涉及了戊二醛交联壳聚糖反应的动力学研究动态