+10 Gz重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因cDNA文库的构建

目的构建＋10Gz重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因的消减cDNA文库。方法本实验用SD大鼠，分别提取暴露组与对照组的总RNA，并分离纯化mRNA，应用抑制性消减杂交技术分离＋10GI重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因eDNA片段并建立消减eDNA文库；利用PCR对随机挑选的75个白色菌落进行插入片段的验证，对其中70个克隆进行eDNA斑点杂交验证。结果所构建的eDNA文库扩增后包含约400个白色克隆和100个兰色克隆，随机挑选75个白色克隆入质粒载体后共获得70个阳性克隆。结论应用抑制性消减杂交技术成功构建了＋10Gz重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因消减eDNA文库，为进一步筛选和克隆脑损伤相关基因奠定了基础。     

混合式外固定架在肱骨远端粉碎骨折中的应用

[目的]探讨应用混合式外固定架治疗肱骨远端粉碎骨折的方法与疗效. [方法]采用组合式外固定架治疗肱骨远端粉碎骨折17例.肱骨远端骨折按AO分型标准,A型8例,B型5例,C型4例. [结果]16例获得随访,随访时间9～42个月.无伤口感染及皮肤坏死,仅1例发生针道局部反应,经换药后治愈.按照改良Cassebaum评分系统评定肘关节术后疗效:优9例,良5例,可2例,差0例.优良率87.5%. [结论]应用混合式外固定架治疗粉碎性或开放性肱骨远端骨折,手术创伤小,固定可靠,肘关节可早期活动,治愈率高,并发症少,疗效满意.     

中医药治疗宫环出血临床疗效的Meta分析

目的:观察中医药治疗宫环出血的临床疗效。方法:应用Meta分析方法的随机效应模型,对国内1989~2006年采用中医药治疗宫环出血,并以西医治疗作对照的研究文献进行定量合并分析。结果:对中医治疗组与西医对照组临床有效率进行分析后表明,在临床疗效方面,中医治疗组427例患者中376例临床治疗有效,西医对照组347例患者中217例临床治疗有效。中医治疗组稳定率总优势比(OR)=4.65,95%置信区间(CL)为(3.20~6.75)。两者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:据目前掌握的资料证明中医药治疗宫环出血的临床疗效确切。     

正确鉴别甲型H1N1流感与普通感冒

正确鉴别甲型H1N1流感与普通感冒,有助于全民普及卫生知识,培养对待流行病的科学态度,增强防病意识,养成良好的卫生习惯,有助于鉴别诊断和科学应对疫情.     

华西医院专科经营助理详解

“跳起来摘桃子”，有人如此形容华西医院这些年的发展。5年前，华西医院拥有开放床位3466张，规模的扩大和管理相对滞后之间的矛盾随着医院发展逐渐凸现出来，医院管理者职业化建设的要求也越来越迫切。2004年春，本着“把时间还给医生，把医生还给病人”的宗旨，该院启动医院管理“运营创新”项目，探索了一条和时下流行的“MBA培训”不同的建设路径，并命名其为“专科经营助理培训项目”。一年后的2005年5月，随着27名“专科经营助理”上岗，该院专科经营助理培训和专科经营制度也被正式导入，并与信息化建设、财务成本制度改革、薪酬制度改革等共同构成了该院的“运营创新”体系。“他们是医院的眼睛，能发现问题，他们进入科室后，可使教授、博士生导师从不熟悉的行政业务中解脱出来，更多地考虑战略问题，把战术问题交给专科经营助理来完成。”事后，华西医院院长石应康这样评价该院专科经营助理的工作。这究竞是怎样一个群体？其日常工作和职能分工如何来界定？4年下来，这个群体工作情况又怎样？作为先行先试者，华西医院有关人士作出了若干解答。     

Retrograde flush following topical cooling is superior to preserve the non-heart-beating donor lung

Objective: The use of non-heart-beating donors (NHBD) has been propagated as an alternative to overcome the scarcity of pulmonary grafts. Formation of microthrombi after circulatory arrest, however, is a major concern for the development of reperfusion injury. We looked at the effect and the best route of pulmonary flush following topical cooling in NHBD. Methods: Non-heparinized pigs were sacrificed by ventricular fibrillation and divided into three groups (n = 6 per group). After 1 h of in situ warm ischaemia and 2.5 h of topical cooling, lungs in group I were retrieved unflushed (NF). In group II, lungs were explanted following an anterograde flush (AF) through the pulmonary artery with 50 ml/kg Perfadex^® (6 °C). Finally, in group III, lungs were retrieved after an identical but retrograde flush (RF) via the left atrium. Flush effluent was sampled at intervals to measure haemoglobin concentration. Performance of the left lung was assessed during 60 min in our ex vivo reperfusion model. Wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) of both lungs was calculated as an index of pulmonary oedema. IL-1ß and TNF- protein levels in bronchial lavage fluid from both lungs were compared between groups. Results: Haemoglobin concentration (g/dl) was higher in the first effluent in RF versus AF (3.4 ± 1.1 vs 0.6 ± 0.1; p < 0.05). Pulmonary vascular resistance (dynes × s × cm⁻⁵) was 975 ± 85 RF versus 1567 ± 98 AF and 1576 ± 88 NF at 60 min of reperfusion (p < 0.001). Oxygenation (mmHg) and compliance (ml/cmH₂O) were higher (491 ± 44 vs 472 ± 61 and 430 ± 33 NS, 22 ± 3 vs 19 ± 3 and 14 ± 1 NS, respectively) and plateau airway pressure (cmH₂O) was lower (11 ± 1 vs 13 ± 1 and 13 ± 1 NS) after RF versus AF and NF, respectively. No differences in cytokine levels or in W/D ratios were observed between groups after reperfusion. Histology demonstrated microthrombi more often present after AF and NF compared to RF. Conclusion: Retrograde flush of the lung following topical cooling in the NHBD results in a better washout of residual blood and microthrombi and subsequent reduced pulmonary vascular resistance upon reperfusion.     

27例胃肠道间质瘤外科处理分析

目的探讨不同手术方式对胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）复发及预后的影响。方法回顾性分析我科8年来收治的GIST患者临床资料，根据手术方式不同分为两组，A组为行肿瘤局部切除术者14例，B组为行肿瘤所在器官大部分切除、全切或包括淋巴结清扫的扩大切除术者12例，对两组病例进行随访，分别计算中位生存期、1年、2年和5年生存率、复发率，并对两组数据进行比较。结果A组14例中13例获得随访，中位生存时间36个月，B组12例均获得随访，中位生存时间40个月，两组比较，P〉0.05；A组1年、2年和5年生存率分别为92．3％、85．4％和69．2％，B组1年、2年和5年生存率分别为91．7％、83．3％和66．7％，两组比较，P〉0．05。说明两组手术对患者生存时间的影响无统计学意义。A组术后出现复发和转移2例，占14．3％，B组术后出现复发和转移2例，占16．7％，两组比较，P〉0．05，说明两种手术方式对复发和转移率的影响无统计学意义。结论手术切除是治疗GIST的最好方法，只要肿瘤完整切除，采用局部切除或扩大切除对术后复发和转移影响不大。     

Factor analysis of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory in three large samples of nursing home patients with dementia and behavioral disturbance.

OBJECTIVE: Limited work has addressed the construct validity of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) in nursing home patients. The authors tested the CMAI factor structure by use of data from three samples of nursing home patients categorized a priori as having at least mild behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. METHODS: CMAI data were from the baseline assessment of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of risperidone for treating elderly nursing home patients. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on two trials (N = 304; N = 344), and the results of these exploratory factor analyses were then tested with confirmatory factor analysis by use of data from a third trial (N = 617). RESULTS: Principal-components analysis suggested the presence of four factors: 1) Aggressive Behavior (hitting, kicking, scratching, biting, pushing, grabbing, throwing things, cursing or verbal aggression, spitting, tearing things/destroying property, hurting self or others, screaming); 2) Physically Non-Aggressive Behavior (pacing, trying to get to a different place, general restlessness, inappropriate dressing or disrobing, handling things inappropriately, performing repetitious mannerisms); 3) Verbally Agitated Behavior (complaining, constant requests for attention, repetitive questions, negativism); and 4) Hiding and Hoarding. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the four-factor solution was a reasonable fit to the data. CONCLUSION: Four factors emerged on the CMAI in nursing home patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. The results obtained converge reasonably with previous publications concerning the factor structure of the CMAI, which, taken together, suggest a fairly robust factor structure for the instrument.