北京市城区四～六年级小学生体力活动现状

目的 了解小学生体力活动模式，为采取有效的措施促进他们积极参加体力活动、制定相关政策和健康目标提供依据。方法 随机选取北京市城区4所小学四～六年小学生453名，采用问卷调查和Caltrac体力活动测量仪收集其上周参加体力活动的情况。结果 男女生经常参加的业余活动依次为上下楼梯、劳动、步行、跑步等，男女生平均每天参加业余体力活动的时间分别为1．30、1．1lh，每天业余体力活动消耗的能量分别为27．89、23．65kJ/kg，每天总体力活动消耗的能量分别为42．17、35．53kJ／kg，每天静坐时间分别为2．00、1．79h，男女生各评价指标之间差异均无显性。结论 男女生经常参加的活动类型大致相同，活动水平接近。     

Superior Transseptal Approach for Surgical Removal of Left Atrial Myxoma

A bstract Eight patients (4 men, 4 women), mean age 51 years, referred to our Institution for left atrial myxoma underwent removal of the tumor through a superior transseptal approach. All patients in sinus rhythm with normal conduction time. The myxomas were localized in the fossa ovalis (3 cases), interatrial septum (2 cases), left appendage (2 cases), and mitral annulus (1 case). One patient died in hospital after emergency operation for low-output syndrome complicated by septic shock. All other patients had an uneventful postoperative course. Atrial arrhythmias did not represent a major postoperative complication. Transient PR interval elongation was occasionally seen. Electrophysiological studies showed normal sinus node function. At 6 months following operation, patients were evaluated with transeso-phageal echocardiography. There was no tumor recurrence. There were no episodes of arrhythmia in 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring, and all patients were in NYHA Class I. We believe that the superior transseptal approach gives optimal exposure of the left atrial cavity, overcoming all difficulties related to a small left atrium which is an usual pattern in left atrial myxomas.     

P-31 MR spectroscopy of skeletal and cardiac muscle metabolism in patients with systemic sclerosis: A multiple case study

Three-dimensionally localized proton-decoupled phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy of skeletal and cardiac muscle was performed in six patients with systemic sclerosis. Cardiac (n = 9) and skeletal (n = 6) spectra were also obtained in healthy volunteers. Metabolite ratios and intracellular pH were determined from the spectra of skeletal and cardiac muscle. The phosphocreatine-to-adenosine triphosphate ratio was normal for both skeletal and cardiac muscle in patients with systemic sclerosis. The pH values of skeletal muscle were similar in patients and control subjects (7.13 ± 0.02 vs 7.12 ± 0.01, respectively). In skeletal muscle, the inorganic phosphate-to-phosphocreatine ratio in patients was increased relative to that of control subjects (0.106 ± 0.014 vs 0.086 ± 0.006, respectively; P =.02). P-31 MR spectroscopy showed no abnormalities in the myocardium of patients with systemic sclerosis. Assessment of the inorganic phosphate-to-phosphocreatine ratio in peripheral skeletal muscle may be helpful for assessing disease activity.     

HYPOKALEMIA IN THE ELDERLY: IS IT ALWAYS DIURETIC-INDUCED?

SUMMARY Serum potassium was measured within 24 hours in 156 patients (48 male, 108 female) with an average age of 81.9 years admitted to the unit with acute illness. Of the 156 patients, 88 (56.4%) were taking diuretics (none was on ACE inhibitors); 20 patients (12.8%) were also on digoxin therapy. In all, 24 patients (16%) had hypokalaemia and 3 (2%) hyperkalaemia. Hypokalaemia was seen in patients associated with acute illness. There was no significant difference between the diuretic and non-diuretic groups. Monitoring of serum potassium is not routinely indicated to detect hypokalaemia in patients on diuretic therapy except in those with severe hepatic or renal impairment or those on digoxin.     

Highly potent and selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus by the bicyclam derivative JM3100.

Bicyclams, in which the cyclam (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) moieties are tethered via an aliphatic bridge (i.e., propylene, as in JM2763) are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) (E. De Clercq, N. Yamamoto, R. Pauwels, M. Baba, D. Schols, H. Nakashima, J. Balzarini, Z. Debyser, B. A. Murrer, D. Schwartz, D. Thornton, G. Bridger, S. Fricker, G. Henson, M. Abrams, and D. Picker, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:5286-5290, 1992). We have now found that the bicyclam JM3100, in which the cyclam moieties are tethered by an aromatic bridge [i.e., phenylenebis(methylene)], inhibits the replication of various HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains in various cell lines at a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 1 to 10 ng/ml, which is about 100-fold lower than the concentration required for JM2763 to inhibit HIV replication and at least 100,000-fold lower than the cytotoxic concentration (> 500 micrograms/ml). In primary T4 lymphocytes or primary monocytes, JM3100 proved inhibitory to HIV-1(IIIB) and several clinical HIV-1 isolates at an EC50 of less than 1 ng/ml. On the basis of time-of-addition experiments, JM3100 appeared to interact with a viral uncoating event, and this was further corroborated by an uncoating assay in which RNase sensitivity of [5-3H]uridine-labeled virions was monitored. In addition, but possibly mechanistically related, JM3100 blocks formation of infectious particles. JM3100 was also found to interfere directly with virus-induced syncytium formation, albeit at a higher concentration (1 to 2 microgram/ml) than that required for inhibition of viral replication. Following subcutaneous injection of 10 mg of JM3100 per kg of body weight to rabbits, anti-HIV activity was detected in serum corresponding to serum drug levels exceeding for at least 6 h by >100-fold the EC(50) required to inhibit HIV replication in vitro. When combined with either 3'-azido-2',3' -dideoxythymidine or 2',3' -dideoxyinosine, JM3100 achieved a additive inhibition of HIV replication, and when repeatedly subcultivated in the presence of JM3100, the virus remained sensitive to the compound for at least 30 passages (120 days) in cell culture.     

Needs assessment for persons with severe mental illness: What services are needed for successful community living?

The development and implementation of effective community support systems are goals of many public mental health authorities who are attempting to shift the focus and dollars for mental health services from inpatient to community care. This article presents the results of a survey which asked 90 community mental health agency case managers to assess the community support and residential needs of over 1400 of their clients. Medication monitoring and therapy were rated high priority needs. Psychosocial treatment, day and vocational activities also ranked high. Survey responses regarding residential services indicated a need for more supported and supervised options.The study reported was a collaborative effort by county and agency staff.     

MTT法检测雷公藤内酯醇对晶状体上皮细胞增殖的影晌

目的:研究雷公藤内酯醇对体外培养的牛晶状体上皮细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法:取第4代对数生长期的牛晶状体上皮细胞培养24h后,加入重组人表皮生长因子(终浓度50μg/L)和不同浓度的雷公藤内酯醇(40,20,10μg/L),分别作用6,12,24,48,72h后,采用MTT法观察雷公藤内酯醇对牛晶状体上皮细胞增殖的影响。结果:不同浓度的雷公藤内酯醇,于不同时间作用在处于增殖状态的LECs,其增殖抑制率升高呈现明显的时间及剂量依赖性。结论:雷公藤内酯醇对晶状体上皮细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用在防止后囊混浊方面有广阔的前景。     

长效避孕皮下埋植剂体外缓释行为研究

本文对以加成型硅橡胶为基质的左旋18—甲基炔诺酮长效避孕埋植剂的体外释放行为及对可能影响其释放量的诸因素,进行了观察与研究,结果表明:此长效避孕皮下埋植剂的体外释药行为,符合零级释药动力学规律。释药量受控释膜厚度,控释膜交联密度及释药面积的影响。体外释放药物曲线无明显爆破峰。     

Bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride supported on zeolites for ethylene polymerization

Y zeolites with different sodium contents and a sodium mordenite were evaluated as support for bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride as catalyst for ethylene polymerization. The results showed that, although the activities of the supported catalysts were lower than that of the homogeneous system, the average molecular weight of the polyethylene produced from the former was in general much higher than that of the polymer produced in solution. Contrary to the expected trend if the specific area was the dominant factor for catalyst activity, the best catalyst was the one supported on NaM zeolite. Thus, our results indicate that the concentration of framework aluminium atoms is the dominant factor, but that the contribution of the external surface is also important.