Effect of gradual rise in plasma calcium concentration on the impairment of atrioventricular nodal conduction due to verapamil

The possible reversal by calcium of the inhibitory action of verapamil on the atrioventricular (AV) node was investigated in anesthetized, atropinized dogs, with cardiac pacing. The His bundle potentials were recorded by endocavitory electrode and the AV node effective refractory period measured by the extrastimulus method. Calcium infusion was effective against the impairment of AV nodal conduction induced by verapamil, provided it remained moderate: the gradual rise in the plasma calcium concentration counteracted the effects of an infusion of verapamil on conduction time and effective refractory period in the AV node, as long as it did not exceed 5 mmol/L. However, beyond this level, calcium appeared less and less capable of reversing the effects of verapamil. Thus, the protective action of calcium had a bell-shaped dose-response curve, with the optimum at 5 mmol/L. This biphasic influence is consistent with the opposite opinions previously given concerning the antagonism between calcium and calcium blockers, depending on whether hypercalcemia brought into play was mild or major. In any case, the prominent role played by calcium in the slow inward current in the AV node accounts for the antagonism, observed in vivo, between calcium and verapamil. The pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial (SA) node was less influenced by both calcium blocker and calcium.     

Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccines in 18-month-old infants

Haemophilus influenzae vaccine containing polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) or PRP covalently linked to diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D) was given to 94 healthy infants 17 to 22 months of age at the same time, but not at the same site, as a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis booster. Systemic reactions were similar in the two vaccine groups and resembled those expected with the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis injection alone. Six (13%) and seven (14%) of the PRP and PRP-D recipients, respectively, had minor local reactions to the Haemophilus vaccine. Among the 77 children who were not already naturally immune (ie, anti-PRP antibody concentration of less than or equal to 0.15 micrograms of protein per milliliter) before vaccination, PRP-D was significantly more effective than PRP in inducing protective levels of antibody. Only 15 (43%) of the 35 nonimmune PRP recipients achieved a concentration of greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram/mL and only seven (20%) reached a concentration greater than or equal to 1.0 micrograms/mL following vaccination. In contrast, 34 (81%) of the 42 nonimmune recipients of PRP-D had a concentration of greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram/mL following vaccine and 32 (62%) had a concentration of greater than or equal to 1.0 micrograms/mL (P less than or equal to .001). These results suggest that more than one-half of nonimmune 18-month-old infants will not respond to PRP with protective levels of antibody. In light of the current data, recommendation for revaccination at 24 months of age for those immunized at any younger age is appropriate.     

Inter- and intra-examiner reliability of motion palpation for the thoracolumbar spine

An inter- and intra-examiner reliability study was conducted to determine the reliability of a standardized method of motion palpation. Eight senior students in the Palmer College Public Clinic palpated the thoracolumbar spine of 32 student volunteers. Each volunteer was palpated twice by each examiner to allow inter- and intra-examiner analysis. Each examiner had at least 1 yr of experience using the procedure. Only the most hypomobile motor unit of the spine was recorded. Analysis of the data revealed statistically significant agreement for intra-examiner reliability. Inter-examiner reliability was not statistically significant. T9-T10 was chosen significantly more often by the palpators as the most hypomobile motor unit.     

Partial deletion of short arm of chromosome 8

46, XY, del(8) (p21-pter) aberration was found in a 5 year old boy with moderate craniofacial dysmorphia, mental and somatic retardation. The cytogenetic and clinical features of the patient were compared to 11 cases found in the literature. Partial 8p monosomy does not produce a unique phenotypic alteration. Postnatal growth deficiency, craniofacial dysmorphia and mental retardation are the main and common characteristics of many structural autosomal aberrations. The importance of cytogenetic analysis in such cases is stressed.     

Aerobic exercise training fails to lower hypertriglyceridemia levels in persons with advanced HIV-1 infection.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations varied in 5 men with advanced HIV-1 infection after 12 months of aerobic exercise training. Prior to exercise, the mean baseline cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) serum concentration were each lower, and mean baseline triglyceride concentration was higher compared to a healthy population norm. Consistent exercise training for 12 months failed to significantly (p > .05) alter cholesterol or HDL-C. Triglyceride concentration was significantly (p < .05) elevated above baseline (63 mg/dL) regardless of exercise compliance. The results suggest that long-term exercise training cannot correct lipid profile abnormality, particularly hypertriglyceridemia, common to individuals with advanced HIV-1 infection.