Antihyperglycemic sesquiterpenes from Psacalium decompositum.

Psacalium decompositum was investigated for antihyperglycemic compounds using diabetic ob/ob mice as a model for type 2 diabetes. In vivo bioassay-guided fractionation of an aqueous extract from the roots of P. decompositum led to the isolation of two new eremophilanolides, 3-hydroxycacalolide (1a) and epi-3-hydroxycacalolide (1b). A 1:1 mixture of 1a/1b exhibited antihyperglycemic activity when tested at 1.09 mmol/kg in ob/ob mice. The known furanoeremophilanes, cacalone (2a) and epicacalone (2b), were also isolated from the aqueous extract and were inactive. The known furanoeremophilane, cacalol (3), was isolated from a CH2Cl2 extract of P. decompositum roots and possessed antihyperglycemic activity. The relative stereochemistry in 1a and 1b was assigned 3R,5S and 3S,5S, respectively, based on ROESY data, 3J H-H values, and molecular mechanics calculations. Complete 13C and 1H NMR chemical shifts were assigned for 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, and 3, and several revisions in 13C NMR assignments for 2a and 3 were made. Results from the conformational analysis of 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b indicate that each compound exists in one major conformation in solution with H3-12 in a pseudoaxial position.     

Activation of phospholipase D involved in both injury and survival in A549 alveolar epithelial cells exposed to H2O2

To determine the role of the phospholipase D (PLD) pathway in injury and survival of alveolar epithelial cells, A549 cells were exposed to H₂O₂ (500 μM) which resulted in time-dependent injury and bi-phasic increase of PLD activity at 5 min and at 3 h, respectively. n-Butanol (0.5%) inhibited PLD activation, attenuated cell injury at 5 min of H₂O₂ exposure, but enhanced injury at 3 h of exposure. This activation was inhibited by treatment with catalase (500 units/ml). Exogenous phosphatidic acid mimicked the effects of PLD activation, and diphenyliodonium (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) reversed the decline in cell viability induced by H₂O₂ exposure. Propranolol (phosphatidic acid phospholydrolase inhibitor) and quinacrine (phospholipase A2 inhibitor) had weak effects on H₂O₂-induced PLD activation but reversed H₂O₂-induced injury. We speculate that PLD activation at the initiation of H₂O₂ exposure predominantly results in NAPDH oxidase activation, which mediates A549 cell injury, but turns to mediating cell survival as the H₂O₂ attack continues, which might be mainly due to the accumulation of intracellular phosphatidic acid.     

尘螨变应原皮肤点刺试验与血清特异性IgE的相关性研究

目的 探讨尘螨变应原皮肤点刺试验(skinprick test,SPT)结果与血清特异性IgE(specific IgE,S-IgE)检测值之间的相关性.方法 分析170例接受尘螨变应原SPT和相应的血清S-IgE检测的变应性鼻炎患者不同皮肤风团直径和不同皮肤反应指数(skin index,SI)对应的血清S-IgE的差异.结果尘螨变应原SPT不同皮肤风团直径和不同SI对应的血清S-IgE存在显著性差异,随着皮肤风团直径或SI的增加,血清S-IgE阳性率和级别也显著增加.结论尘螨变应原SPT结果和血清S-IgE结果存在相关性.     

安络小皮伞提取物特征图谱研究

摘 要 目的:采用高效液相色谱法建立安络小皮伞提取物的特征图谱。方法: 通过对安络小皮伞提取物1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮（PMP）柱前衍生化,采用高效液相色谱法进行单糖组成分析。结果:安络小皮伞提取物特征图谱共检出 5个峰,其中已通过对照品确定5个色谱峰的归属,安络小皮伞提取物水解产物中含有甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖。结论:该方法简单,快速,灵敏度高,重现性良好,可作为控制安络小皮伞提取物内在质量的标准。     

注射用丹参多酚酸盐对豚鼠心脏电生理和hERG电流的影响

目的：研究注射用丹参多酚酸盐（ZDDY）对豚鼠心脏电生理的影响,并对注射用丹参多酚酸盐的心脏安全性做出评价。方法：采用常规豚鼠在体心电图技术,改进的Langendoff灌流系统,常规细胞内动作电位记录法和膜片钳全细胞记录方法,观察药物对整体和离体心电图,动作电位时程（Action Potential Durations,APDs）以及人ether-a-go-go-related gene(hERG)通道电流的影响。结果： ZDDY 460.0 mg?kg-1使在体心电图PR间期从（61.0±2.8）ms延长到（70.9±0.9）ms;QRS间期从（15.3±1.8）ms延长到（17.0±2.1）ms,比较差异均具有统计学意义。ZDDY 0.51 mg?mL-1使离体心脏的心率(Heart Rate,HR)从（177.3±11.1）bpm减慢到（152.0±1.7）bpm,差异具有统计学意义。ZDDY 各浓度组对APDs和动作电位振幅(Amplitudes of Action Potential,APA)无影响。ZDDY 抑制50%hERG电流的浓度(Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentration,IC50)为（10.8±0.6）mg?mL-1。结论： 注射用丹参多酚酸盐在临床剂量下对豚鼠在体心脏作用安全;高剂量下对离体豚鼠心脏有减慢心率作用。     

地塞米松对脓毒血症鼠Peyer小结Tfh细胞的影响

目的：测定脓毒血症鼠Peyer小结内滤泡辅助性T细胞（T follicular helper,Tfh）的变化,分析地塞米松（dexamethasone,Dex）对脓毒血症Tfh细胞的可能作用。方法：昆明小鼠诱导脓毒血症模型,模型诱导成功后随机分2组,脓毒血症组（SE组,n=12）、脓毒血症＋Dex处理组（DE组,n=12）。另设对照组（NC组,n=12）。测定血清白介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、降钙素原（procalcitonin,PCT）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白（neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL）水平。Peyer小结Ⅰ型1-磷酸鞘氨醇（Sphingosine 1-Phosphate 1,S1P1）、CXC趋化因子配体13（CXC chemokine ligand 13,CXCL13）免疫组化染色。Western blot分别检测Peyer小结IL-21、程序性死亡分子-1（programmed death 1,PD-1）、胞嘧啶脱氨酶（enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase,AID）蛋白的表达。流式细胞仪测定3组Peyer小结Tfh细胞占T淋巴细胞的百分率。结果：与NC组相比,SE组血清IL-6（19.7±5.20 vs 10.7±3.60 ng·L~（-1））、PCT（1.56±0.92 vs 0.31±0.09μg·L~（-1））、NGAL（0.44±0.11 vs 0.35±0.09 mg·L（-1））升高（P〈0.05或0.01）,Peyer小结S1P1（0.22±0.06 vs 0.14±0.04）、CXCL13（0.25±0.07 vs 0.15±0.04）的表达增加（P〈0.01）,IL-21（0.60±0.08 vs 0.35±0.08）、PD-1（0.30±0.04 vs 0.20±0.05）、AID（0.23±0.05 vs 0.18±0.03）蛋白的表达亦升高（P〈0.05或0.01）,Tfh细胞占T淋巴细胞（8.30±2.00 vs 5.69 vs 1.64%）的百分率升高（P〈0.01）。Dex治疗可降低SE鼠血清IL-6（19.7±5.20 vs 12.8±3.40 ng·L~（-1））、PCT（1.56±0.92 vs 0.71±0.44μg·L~（-1））水平（P〈0.05或0.01）,降低Peyer小结S1P1（0.22±0.06 vs 0.17±0.05）、CXCL13（0.25±0.07 vs 0.19±0.06）的表达（P〈0.05或0.01）,下调Peyer小结IL-21（0.60±0.08 vs 0.48±0.09）、PD-1（0.30±0.04 vs 0.26±0.06）、AID（0.23±0.05 vs0.19±0.04）蛋白的表达（P〈0.05）,降低Tfh细胞占T淋巴细胞（8.30±2.00 vs 6.56±1.59%）的百分率（P〈0.05）。结论：Peyer小结Tfh细胞可能参与脓毒血症的发病机制,Dex抑制Peyer小结Tfh的活化,对Peyer小结微环境起保护作用。     

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for cervical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: clinical outcomes and patterns of failure

The objective of the study was to report clinical outcomes and patterns of failure for these patients with cervical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (CESCC) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). A total of 64 patients with CESCC treated with definitive IMRT from May 2005 to March 2012 in our center were analyzed. Forty-two patients received radiotherapy alone and 22 patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The location and extent of locoregional failures were transferred to the pretreatment planning computed tomography for dosimetry analysis. For all patients, the overall 2-year local failure-free survival, regional failure-free survival, distant failure-free survival, and overall survival rate was 74.5, 88.0, 66.6 and 42.5 %, respectively. Twenty-eight patients had developed treatment failure. Of the 28 patients, 14, 5, and 18 had developed local failure, regional failure, and distant metastasis, respectively. All of the 14 local failures were considered in-field failures. Of the five regional failures, three were considered in-field failures and two were marginal failures. The most frequently observed acute toxicity was mainly Grade 1 or 2. The incidence of acute Grade 3 mucositis (including pharyngitis), skin reaction, and leukopenia was 4.7, 12.5 and 10.9 %, respectively. IMRT provides satisfactory locoregional control for CESCC. Distant metastasis remains the predominate pattern of failure and the predominate pattern of locoregional failures is in-field failure.     

肝豆状核变性病例回顾及与遗传以外因素的相关性分析

目的：回顾性分析肝豆状核变性（WD ）患者的临床分型、实验室和影像学检查,加强对该病的认识并提高诊断率。方法收集2011年1月至2014年9月该院确诊的WD患者的临床资料,并进行统计学分析。结果不同年龄、民族、性别的WD患者,其初次发病年龄、临床分型、实验室检查均存在着一定的差异,男性患者的发病年龄明显早于女性,神经型WD患者的M RI均存在低密度影改变。结论遗传并不是影响WD的唯一因素,性别、年龄、民族也可能是影响WD患者初次发病年龄及临床症状的因素之一。     

Intrapulmonary expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-I in acute pancreatitis and its significance in rats

Acutelunginjury(Al.I)whichoccursasacomplicationofacutehemorrhagicnecroticpancreatitis(AHNP)becomesahotprobleminhepatobiliarysurgery.Previousstudiesindicatedthattheaccumulationofpolymorphonuclearneutrophils(PMNs)inthelungsplaysakeyroleinthedamagesofpulmonaryparenchymalcellsandinterstitialedemainAHNPLlj.However,themechanismofPMNaccumulationinthelungsisnotclearlyknown.ThisstudywascarriedoutonaratmodelofAHNPcomplicatedwithAl-I,TheauthorsintendedtoclarifytherelationshipofPMNaccumulationi…