中药调控生物活性多肽的研究进展

生物活性多肽是小分子活性物质的最大家系,是维持人体内环境的重要组成部分,参与多种慢性疾病发生发展。中药在治疗大多数慢性疾病中效果良好,可以通过调控不同的生物活性多肽治疗多种慢性疾病。该文综述了中药调节相关疾病中尾加压素Ⅱ、胃饥饿素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、脑型钠尿肽、瘦素等生物活性多肽的研究进展,为中药防治慢性疾病研究提供参考。     

Scutellarin,a modulator of mTOR,attenuates hepatic insulin resistance by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolism via SREBP‐1c suppression

High levels of consumption of saturated lipids have been largely associated with the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases. In particular, saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA) have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance (IR). Scutellarin (Scu) is one of the effective traditional Chinese medicines considered beneficial for liver diseases and diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effect of Scu on IR and lipid metabolism disorders in vitro and in high fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. In vitro, we found that Scu decreased insulin‐dependent lipid accumulation and the mRNA expression of CD36, Fasn, and ACC in PA‐treated HepG2 cells. Additionally, Scu upregulated Akt phosphorylation and improved the insulin signalling pathway. Moreover, Scu downregulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and the n‐SREBP‐1c protein level and also reduced lipid accumulation via the mTOR‐dependent pathway, as confirmed by the molecular docking of Scu to mTOR. In HFD‐fed C57BL/6 mice, Scu improved oral glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance and the IR index and also increased the Akt phosphorylation level. Moreover, Scu reduced hepatocyte steatosis, decreased lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels, inhibited mTOR phosphorylation, and decreased the SREBP‐1c level in the liver. Taken together, these findings suggest that Scu ameliorates hepatic IR by regulating hepatocyte lipid metabolism via the mTOR‐dependent pathway through SREBP‐1c suppression.     

Optimum fabrication parameters for preparing high performance SERS substrates based on Si pyramid structure and silver nanoparticles

In this work, we propose simple and inexpensive methods to prepare micro/nano hierarchical Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrates, in which pyramid structure is created by using anisotropic wet etching of a silicon wafer and a silver thin film is deposited on these pyramid arrays by thermal evaporation. The ensemble is then annealed at 450 °C for 2 hours to form silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The sizes and density of the pyramids and AgNPs are optimized mainly by changing the etching temperature (60–80 °C), the thickness of the Ag-film (15–45 nm) and etching time (3–10 min). The ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) absorbance spectra show that the AgNPs formed with the 30 nm-thick film exhibit the strongest plasmonic effect. Under these conditions, the spherical AgNPs with sizes of 42–48 nm are densely distributed on the silicon micro-pyramid array. The obtained SERS signal is the strongest at the pyramid base-edge size of 7–10 μm. The enhancement factor obtained from the abamectin probe molecules is as high as 1 × 10⁶ and the SERS substrates enable the detection of abamectin concentrations as low as 5.7 × 10⁻⁹ M. Therefore, this work provides a novel SERS substrate structure that has a high potential for use in medicine and biotechnology or as a food security sensor.

AgNPs@PSi substrate can detect abamectin molecules at concentrations as low as 5.7 × 10⁻⁹ M, with an enhancement factor of 1 × 10⁶. Such a remarkable SERS substrate promises great potential for practical applications in food security.     

放疗联合安罗替尼对小细胞肺癌患者胱天蛋白酶3、多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶表达的影响研究

目的探讨放疗联合安罗替尼对小细胞肺癌(SCLC)患者胱天蛋白酶3(caspase 3)、多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶(PARP)表达的影响。方法将86例SCLC患者随机分为放疗组(n=42)和联合组(放疗联合安罗替尼,n=44),探索两组1年生存率、不良反应发生情况及对caspase 3、PARP表达的影响。结果治疗前两组患者血清caspase 3、PARP水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);治疗后联合组患者血清caspase 3水平明显高于放疗组,PARP水平明显低于放疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。两组患者白细胞减少、中性粒细胞减少发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。联合组患者1年生存率高于放疗组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论放疗联合安罗替尼可以有效提高SCLC患者血清内caspase 3水平,降低PARP水平,延长患者的生存时间,值得临床进一步研究。     

大鼠离体循环肺灌流时血管紧张素转化酶活性与心钠素含量变化的关系

本文观察大鼠离体循环肺灌流时血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)活性与心钠素(ANP)含量变化的关系。结果表明Captopril治疗组ACE活性较对照组明显降低(P<0.001),ANP含量则显著增加(P<0.001),并且随着灌流时间的延长ANP含量明显增加(P<0.05),其增加程度与ACE活性负相关(r=-0.725,P<0.01)。以上首次提示ACE可能具有降解ANP的活性,作者推测ACE对ANP与肾素-血管紧张素—醛固酮系统(RAAS)具有双向调节作用。心肾疾患等病理过程中则可能是增恶因子。     

穴位注射加推拿手法治疗颈椎病112例

目的观察穴位注射加推拿手法治疗颈椎病的临床疗效。方法选择112例符合纳入标准的颈椎病患者,采用穴位注射加推拿手法治疗,观察临床疗效。结果2个疗程后,治愈68例,好转41例,总有效率为97.32%。结论穴位注射加推拿手法是治疗颈椎病的一种简、便、验、廉的有效方法,值得在临床推广应用。     

如何发挥中医文献学在培养新安医学人才中的地位与作用

为了进一步弘扬新安医学,培育中医药人才,在现有的中医文献学的教学中,应将传承新安医学传统作为学生知识结构中的重要内容,采用多元化的教学手段,充分发挥中医文献学课程在培养新安医学人才中的地位与作用。可以采用制作多媒体课件、开展讨论式教学、采用案例教学、借助实地参观、引导学生参与科研、改革考核方式等多种方法,培养富有时代特色的新安医学人才。     

中风病病因病机的源流及发展

本文依据历代有关中风文献,从病因病机角度梳理论述,对其源流及发展加以考证.中医对中风病病因病机的认识,包含风火痰虚瘀数端,临床应当仔细认真辨证论治.