脑梗塞早期中医综合康复护理疗法的效果观察

目的研究对脑梗塞患者采用早期中医综合康复护理配合现代康复护理的临床效果。方法分析60例脑梗塞患者的临床资料,在现代康复训练的基础上对研究组30例采用针灸、中药、推拿等中医综合康复护理方法,并与对照组30例进行比较,评价护理前后肢体运动功能变化（STREAM）、日常生活活动（ADL）以及神经功能缺损程度。结果两组患者治疗后神经功能缺损评分显著降低,研究组明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）;STREAM及ADL评分显著升高,研究组明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论中医综合康复护理配合现代康复护理对于脑梗塞早期患者康复具有显著临床效果,值得大力推广使用。     

Effects of organophosphorus pesticides and their ozonation byproducts on gap junctional intercellular communication in rat liver cell line.

The effects of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), oxons and their ozonation byproducts on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) on cultured BRL cell line were investigated using scrape loading and dye transfer (SL/DT) technique. The neutral red uptake assay was used to identify the non-cytotoxic levels of diazinon, parathion and methyl-parathion applied to GJIC assay. The concentration-dependent inhibition of GJIC was observed over a range of 50-350 mg/l diazinon, parathion and methyl-parathion after 90 min incubation compared with the vehicle control. However, oxons and ozonation byproducts of OPs had no inhibition effect on GJIC at any of the concentrations tested. The inhibition of GJIC by OPs was reversible after removal of the tested pesticides followed by incubation with fresh medium. The present study suggested that the ozonation treatment could be used for the detoxification of drinking water and food crops contaminated with diazinon, parathion and methyl-parathion without formation of GJIC toxicity.     

基于文献计量学方法的医学生专业思想状况分析与评价

目的　探讨我国对临床医学生专业思想研究的发展状况,揭示其文献计量特征和规律。方法　利用主题检索策略,以“医学生”和“专业思想”为主题词,在CNKI、万方数据库中检索截止2014年1月发表的相关文献,根据预先制定纳入标准和排除标准筛选和纳入相关文献,最终对纳入文献通过计量学方法进行分析。结果　最后纳入53篇文献。纳入文献中2007至2014年发表的有30篇（56.6%）。纳入文献所含研究类型以实证研究为主;研究主题较分散,涉及“专业态度”29篇（54.7%）、“学习态度”26篇（49.1%）、“政治思想”13篇（24.5%）、“就业与择业”16篇（30.2%）、“医德医风”4篇（7.5%）、“专业思想教育”12篇（22.6%）、“职业思想”4篇（7.5%）、其他主题21篇（39.6%）。结论　我国对临床医学专业学生专业思想状况的研究尚未形成体系,对研究结果的分析未提升到理论层面。     

Willingness to Pay for Preventive Dental Care Amongst Older Adults

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were (1) to investigate willingness to pay (WTP) for preventive and curative dental care procedures and (2) to determine the factors that influence older adults’ WTP for dental care.MethodologyOlder, independently living adults from Singapore aged 60 years and older and eligible for government-subsidised dental care were nonrandomly recruited for this study. Data were collected using questionnaires and a clinical examination which recorded details of caries experience, number and distribution of posterior occluding contacts, prosthodontic status, and periodontal status. Using a contingent valuation method, participants were asked to rate WTP in Singapore dollars [SGD$] for 4 aspects of care: dental fillings, dental scaling, dental extraction, and disease prevention advice. Negative binomial regression was used to assess the relationship between the predictor variables associated with WTP for dental fillings, scaling, extraction, and preventive advice.ResultsThe mean value of WTP for a dental filling was SGD$30.23 (SGD$31.05), for scaling was SGD$30.28 (SGD$29.46), for dental extraction was SGD$35.08 (SGD$58.54). In a multivariate model, factors associated with higher WTPfees were as follows: (1) dental filling: age (younger), level of education (higher), and frequency of dental visits (regular); (2) scaling: level of education (higher), agree that dental problems affect overall health, and frequency of dental visits (regular); (3) dental extractions: age (younger), level of education (higher), frequency of dental visits (regular), and prosthodontic status (not wearing); (4) preventive advice: age (younger), gender (male), ethnicity (Chinese), level of education (higher), marital status (married), self-perceived oral health (good), and dental visits (regular).ConclusionsThe findings of our study suggest that older adults are willing to pay most for extraction and least for preventive advice.Key words: Geriatric, Oral health, Health economics, Health attitudes     

239例小儿室间隔缺损修补术后残余分流的近中期随访

目的:探讨小儿室间隔缺损(ventricular septal defect,VSD)修补术后残余分流的发生原因、常见部位、预后、影响预后的因素及干预时机。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2017年1月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院行VSD修补术后239例残余分流患者的临床资料,包括患者性别、手术年龄、体质量、术前左右心室压差、术前VSD分流方向、补片材料、体外循环时间、残余分流的大小及部位、残余分流的血流速度,运用单因素及多因素Cox回归分析患者预后的影响因素。结果:239例残余分流患者均未再次干预,155例(64.85%)残余分流自行愈合;84例(35.15%)未愈合。小于4 mm残余分流219例,153例(69.86%)自愈;大于4 mm残余分流20例,2例(10%)自愈(P<0.005)。单因素Cox分析结果表明,术前左右心室压差(P=0.028)、体外循环时间(P=0.006)、残余分流大小(P=0.003)、残余分流血流速度(P=0.00)是影响患者预后的因素(P<0.05);而多因素Cox回归分析显示体外循环时间(P=0.017)、残余分流血流速度(P=0.019)...     

HGF/c-Met轴介导EPCs治疗大鼠HPAH的初步实验研究

目的：探讨肝细胞生长因子（hepatocyte growth factor,HGF）/c-Met轴介导内皮祖细胞（endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs）移植入低氧性肺动脉高压（hypoxic pulmonary artery hypertension,HPAH）大鼠对大鼠的肺动脉压力和肺血管重构的影响。方法：构建HPAH模型大鼠;大鼠骨髓原代EPCs提取、培养和鉴定;构建c-Met腺病毒并转染EPCs;将大鼠分为c-Met-EPCs细胞组、EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组和正常组,每组10只。前2组大鼠通过尾静脉分别输注c-Met-EPCs细胞和EPCs细胞,后2组大鼠输注生理盐水;饲养一周后检测平均肺动脉压力（mean pulmonary arterial pressure,mPAP）和右心室肥大指数（right ventricle hypertrophy index,RVHI）;透射电镜检测肺动脉超微结构改变,肺组织病理切片观察肺小动脉改变;ELISA法测定血清内皮素-1（endothelin-1,ET-1）含量,Griess法测定血清一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）含量。结果：c-Met-EPCs细胞组、EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组和正常组4组大鼠的mPAP值分别为（23.17±3.07）、（30.85±3.15）、（33.55±5.47）、（20.30±1.99） mmHg;RVHI值分别为（32.48±2.38）%、（37.54±4.42）%、（38.53±2.81）%、（26.05±3.05）%;血清ET-1值分别为（69.45±6.32）、（95.76±7.31）、（99.14±8.39）、（62.35±6.06） ng/L;血清NO值分别为（99.63±11.40）、（56.07±3.32）、（48.83±6.56）、（125.50±12.26） μmol/L。EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组大鼠的mPAP、RVHI和血清ET-1含量明显高于正常组（P<0.05）;c-Met-EPCs细胞组较EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组明显降低（P<0.05）。EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组大鼠的血清NO含量明显低于正常组（P<0.05）;c-Met-EPCs细胞组较EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组明显升高（P<0.05）。透射电镜显示EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组肺动脉中膜平滑肌细胞线粒体和内质网肿胀、内皮细胞中断不连续,而c-Met-EPCs细胞肺动脉中膜平滑肌细胞线粒体和内质网肿胀不显著。肺组织病理切片显示EPCs细胞组、肺动脉高压组肺血管重构明显,而c-Met-EPCs细胞组肺血管重构减轻。结论：HGF/c-Met轴介导内皮祖细胞移植入低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠后可明显降低肺动脉压力和和改善肺血管重构,其机制可能与抑制ET-1释放和促进NO产生有关。     

Using nomogram,decision tree,and deep learning models to predict lymph node metastasis in patients with early gastric cancer: a multi-cohort study

The accurate assessment of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with early gastric cancer is critical to the selection of the most appropriate surgical treatment. This study aims to develop an optimal LNM prediction model using different methods, including nomogram, Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, and deep learning methods. In this study, we included two independent datasets: the gastrectomy set (n=3158) and the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) set (n=323). The nomogram, Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, and fully convolutional neural networks (FCNN) models were established based on logistic regression analysis of the development set. The predictive power of the LNM prediction models was revealed by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration plots. We then used the ESD set as an external cohort to evaluate the models’ performance. In the gastrectomy set, multivariate analysis showed that gender (P=0.008), year when diagnosed (2006-2010 year, P=0.265; 2011-2015 year, P=0.001; and 2016-2020 year, P<0.001, respectively), tumor size (2-4 cm, P=0.001; and ≥4 cm, P<0.001, respectively), tumor grade (poorly-moderately, P=0.016; moderately, P<0.001; well-moderately, P<0.001; and well, P<0.001, respectively), vascular invasion (P<0.001), and pT stage (P<0.001) were independent risk factors for LNM in early gastric cancer. The area under the curve (AUC) for the validation set using the nomogram, Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, and FCNN models were 0.78, 0.76, 0.77, and 0.79, respectively. In conclusion, our multi-cohort study systematically investigated different LNM prediction methods for patients with early gastric cancer. These models were validated and shown to be reliable with AUC>0.76 for all. Specifically, the FCNN model showed the most accurate prediction of LNM risks in early gastric cancer patients with AUC=0.79. Based on the FCNN model, patients with LNM rates of >4.77% are strong candidates for gastrectomy rather than ESD surgery.     

加压延长技术治疗病理性肢体大段骨缺损的研究及应用

目的探讨加压、延长技术治疗肢体大段病理性骨缺损的临床效果。方法应用单侧外固定架、髓内骨痂延长术治疗肱骨、股骨及胫骨干骨髓炎导致的大段病理性骨缺损12例,缺损长度4～14cm,平均5.5cm。结果12例全部治愈,无再骨折和血循神经损伤。结论加压、延长术治疗大段病理性骨缺损是一种疗效确切、操作简单、减少肢体畸形的方法。     

小规模限制性在线课程在内科临床护理教学中的实践与研究

目的 探讨小规模限制性在线课程（small private online course,SPOC）在内科临床护理教学中的应用效果。方法 选取某高校 2015 级护理本科实习生分别作为实验组（30 人）和对照组（30 人）,实验组在《内科护理学》教学中采用 SPOC 的翻转课堂教学模式,对照组采用传统教学法。比较两组教学后护理实习生的出科理论知识、操作技能考核成绩和自主学习能力。结果 实验组出科理论知识和操作技能考核成绩、自主学习能力总分以及学习动机、自我管理、学习合作、信息素质各维度得分显著高于对、照组（P ＜ 0.05）。结论 小规模限制性在线课程教学能激发学生学习兴趣,提升学生自主学习能力,从而提高教学效果。