肝尾状叶及其血管的断层解剖学研究

为给肝尾状叶疾病的影像诊断和外科手术提供形态学依据，本文利用成人腹部连续横断层标本22例、矢状断层标本14例和冠状断层标本5例研究了肝尾状叶及其血管的断层解剖。肝尾状叶有5面，在外形上可分为固有肝尾状叶(Spigelian叶)、腔静脉旁部和尾状突三部分。固有肝尾状叶，在横断面上，14例(63．6％)伸出腔静脉后突，11例(50％)出现孤立乳头突现象；在矢状断面上，4例(28．6％)下端出现分叉。在15例(68．2％)横断层和12例(85．7％)矢状断层标本上，可见肝尾状叶鞘系，主要出现于肝门静脉左支横部层面。在断层标本上，可见1～3支尾状叶静脉，大部分汇入下腔静脉肝后段的中、下份。粗大的肝右后下静脉分别见于10例(45.5％）横断层、4例(28.6％）矢状断层和l例冠状断层标本上。此外，文内还详细探讨了肝尾状叶在横、矢、冠状断面上的识别、毗邻及其在影像诊断和在肝切除术中的意义。     

当归对TNFα导致细胞骨架重排的逆转作用

目的 :研究当归对TNF_α所致人脐静脉内皮细胞 (ECV30 4)中细胞骨架重排的逆转作用。方法 :将培养人内皮细胞 (ECV30 4)分为 4组 ,即对照组、当归组、TNF_α损伤组和TNF_α+当归组 ,各组处理后用三维荧光显微镜观察细胞骨架F_actin分布的改变。结果 :当归能逆转TNF_α所致内皮细胞的严重紊乱。结论 :当归能逆转TNF_α导致的细胞骨架重排 ,这种作用可能是其抗动脉粥样硬化的主要原因之一。     

氢氧化铝致猫慢性局限性癫痫模型的研究

为研究氢氧化铝在猫慢性局限性癫痫形成中的作用 ,在猫运动区皮质注射不同剂量的氢氧化铝乳剂后 ,观察不同时间内其行为、脑电图的改变 ,并进行组织病理学分析。结果表明在运动区皮质注射氢氧化铝可引起注射部位损伤及动物脑电图的异常改变 ,剂量不同 ,损伤程度也不同 ,但均未发现连续性癫痫发作 ,也未观察到有否偶发。提示 ,氢氧化铝可造成猫脑电图的异常改变 ,但作为慢性局限性实验癫痫模型尚有待研究。     

高糖、肿瘤坏死因子促进血管内皮细胞表面整合素（α_vβ_3）表达

本文采用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞（ＨＵＶＥＣ）表面玻璃连接蛋白受体（ＶｉｔｒｏｎｅｃｔｉｎｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒＶｎＲ即整合素家庭的α＿ｖβ＿３）的表达改变；用（５１）Ｃｒ－标记血小板（（５１）Ｃｒ－ｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔｅ，（５１）Ｃｒ－ｐＬ）检测ＨＵｖＥｃ的粘附功能；Ｆｕｒａ－２／Ａｍ负载ＥＣ，测定ＨＵＶＥＣ胞内游离钙离子浓度（［Ｃａ（２＋）］），观察了高糖、肿瘤坏死因子－α（Ｔｕｍｏｒｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓｆａｃｔｏｒ－α，ＴＮＦ－α）对ＥＣ粘附功能的影响。结果表明：①高糖（３０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可明显促进ＥＣ与ＰＬ的粘附（ＣＰＭ值：３６１±２ｌ．９３ＶＳ２ｌ９．６７±１６．２６，ｎ＝６Ｐ＜０．０１），抗β３亚单位单抗（β３ＭｃＡｂ）可部分阻断ＥＣ与ＰＬ粘附。ＴＮＦ－α（１０００μ／ｍ１）也有相同作用（ＣＰＭ值：４ｌ０．７±１７．６ＶＳ２１９．６７±１６．２６１ｎ＝６Ｐ＜０．０１），β３ＭｃＡｂ也部分阻断ＴＮＦ－α诱导的ＥＣ－ＰＬ间的粘附。②不同浓度高糖和ＴＮＦ－α不同时间可影响ＥＣ表面的α＿ｖβ＿３表达，并且在一定范围内有浓度和时间依赖性。③高糖和ＴＮＦ－α可明显增加ＥＣ的［Ｃａ（２＋）］ｉ，上述资料提示?     

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(trimethylene oxide)‐block‐Polystyrene and Poly(trimethylene oxide)‐block‐Polystyrene‐block‐Poly(methyl methacrylate) by Combination of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) and Cationic Ring‐Opening Polymerization (CROP)

Summary: Diblock copolymers, poly(trimethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(styrene)s abbreviated as poly(TMO)‐block‐poly(St), and triblock copolymers, poly(TMO)‐block‐poly(St)‐block‐poly(MMA)s (MMA = methyl methacrylate), with controlled molecular weight and narrow polydispersity have been successively synthesized by a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and cationic ring‐opening polymerization using the bifunctional initiator, 2‐hydroxylethyl α‐bromoisobutyrate, without intermediate function transformation. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and NMR analyses confirmed the structures of di‐ and triblock copolymers obtained.

GPC curves of (a) poly(St); (b) diblock copolymer, poly(St)‐block‐poly(MMA) before precipitation; (c) poly(St)‐block‐poly(MMA) after precipitation in cyclohexane/ethanol (2:1); (d) triblock copolymer, poly(TMO)‐block‐poly(St)‐block‐poly(MMA).     

Comparison of microscopic epididymal sperm aspiration and intracytoplasmic sperm injection/in-vitro fertilization with repeat microscopic reconstruction following vasectomy: is second attempt vas reversal worth the effort?

Since 1986, we have performed microscopic reconstruction in 18 men following failed microscopic vasectomy reversal. Between 1994 and 1996, nine couples have undergone microscopic epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA)/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment for male infertility due either to congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) or inoperable excurrent duct obstruction. We compared the cost efficiency of repeat vasectomy reversal to that for MESA combined with ICSI/in-vitro fertilization (ICSI/IVF). The cost of male partner procedures (vasectomy reversal, MESA) was based on physician and hospital charges, while the cost of ICSI/IVF included preparation of the female partner (medications and physician charges) and procedures (physician and hospital charges including oocyte retrieval, micromanipulation, and embryo transfer). Our cost examination does not include charges related to follow-up visits, prenatal monitoring, complications of pregnancy (i.e. miscarriage) or delivery in either group. Overall patency and pregnancy rates in the repeat vasectomy reversal group were 78 and 44% respectively. The cost per delivered baby (including multiple metachronos deliveries per couple) was $14892. Fertilization of oocytes has been achieved in 37/72 (51%) and pregnancies have occurred in 6/9 (67%) attempts and 5/9 (56%) report delivery. The average cost per pregnancy was $25637 and the average cost per delivered baby (or ongoing pregnancy) was $35570. The cost per delivery by MESA/ ICSI/IVF is 2.4 times the charges per delivery obtained through repeat vasectomy repair. Couples attempting to overcome infertility caused by vasal obstruction should be informed that vas reconstruction remains a cost effective means of re- establishing fertility even in men who have previously failed vasectomy reversal.      

Habituation of rostral anterior cingulate cortex to repeated emotionally salient pictures.

Habituation of the neural response to repeated stimuli has been well demonstrated for subcortical limbic regions responding to emotionally salient stimuli. Although the rostral or affective division of the anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) is also engaged during emotional processing, little is known about the temporal dynamics of this region in sustained evaluation of emotional salience. Using a test/retest design, the present study assessed habituation in the human brain with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Eight healthy subjects were exposed to two repeated runs of aversive, neutral, and blank images. Activation of the rACC to negatively valenced pictures occurred only in the first session, and this activation was significantly greater in the first relative to the second session. Additionally, medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampal, and amygdalar activations were noted during the first, but not second, presentation of aversive pictures. These findings highlight the phasic activity of the rACC in emotional processing consistent with habituation.     

超越竞争:跨入与狼共舞的时代

有的企业会随着行业的衰落而消亡，有的企业则会不失时机地跨入新的领域，有如凤凰涅磐。浴火再生。而企业在产业内竞争中能否取得优势。不是看你能否消灭弱者。而是看能否成为行业的领导者。     

The distal arthrogryposis‐linked p.R63C variant promotes the stability and nuclear accumulation of TNNT3

BackgroundDistal arthrogryposis (DA) is comprised of a group of rare developmental disorders in muscle, characterized by multiple congenital contractures of the distal limbs. Fast skeletal muscle troponin‐T (TNNT3) protein is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle and plays an important role in DA. Missense variants in TNNT3 are associated with DA, but few studies have fully clarified its pathogenic role.MethodsSanger sequencing was performed in three generation of a Chinese family with DA. To determine how the p.R63C variant contributed to DA, we identified a variant in TNNT3 ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"NM_006757.4","term_id":"1519315975"}}NM_006757.4): c.187C>T (p.R63C). And then we investigated the effects of the arginine to cysteine substitution on the distribution pattern and the half‐life of TNNT3 protein.ResultsThe protein levels of TNNT3 in affected family members were 0.8‐fold higher than that without the disorder. TNNT3 protein could be degraded by the ubiquitin‐proteasome complex, and the p.R63C variant did not change TNNT3 nuclear localization, but significantly prolonged its half‐life from 2.5 to 7 h, to promote its accumulation in the nucleus.ConclusionThe p.R63C variant increased the stability of TNNT3 and promoted nuclear accumulation, which suggested its role in DA.     

脑干听觉反应在轻度认知功能障碍老年人和阿尔茨海默病中的应用

目的探讨轻度认知功能障碍老年人(MCI)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)在脑干听觉反应(ABR)检测中的特点,为早期痴呆的诊断提供帮助.方法应用美国Nicolet Bravo脑电生理仪及Click短声刺激,测查36例MCI和30例阿尔茨海默病(AD)和45名健康老人(NC)的ABR.结果 MCI组、AD组及NC组在绝对潜伏期波Ⅲ(Pz脑区),绝对波幅波Ⅲ(Pz脑区),波V(Pz脑区)上有差异极显著性(P＜0.01).与NC组和MCI组相比,绝对潜伏期波Ⅲ(Pz脑区)上,AD组延迟于NC组和MCI组(P＜0.01).波幅分析所见,绝对波幅波Ⅲ(Pz脑区)和绝对波幅波V(Pz脑区)AD组低于NC组和MCI组.MCI组与NC组比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 ABR对临床辅助诊断AD和MCI有参考价值.