自体皮源奇缺条件下瘢痕挛缩畸形的晚期临床修复

目的寻找对烧伤后畸形伴自体皮源奇缺患进行晚期修复的新方法。方法5例特重度、特大面积烧伤患治愈后伴较严重畸形，且自体皮源奇缺。采用柔软成熟的瘢痕皮肤作为修复的皮源，用扩张器扩张瘢痕皮肤后，切取中厚瘢痕皮片进行修复；不宜行瘢痕皮肤扩张术时，切取刃厚瘢痕皮片与异体脱细胞真皮基质组成复合皮进行修复。观察两种方法的疗效。结果所移植的扩张瘢痕皮片和复合皮均成活，功能和外形恢复良好，远期疗效近似正常自体中厚皮移植。结论采用不同厚度的瘢痕皮片修复烧伤畸形是可行的，可扩大自体皮源。此法对于皮源奇缺的瘢痕患尤其适用。     

自体造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病

为探讨恶性血液病的有效治疗方法,应用自体骨髓移植(ABMT)38例,自体外周血造血干细胞移植(ABSCT)13例,自体外周血造血干细胞与自体骨髓联合移植15例。治疗白血病54例,恶性淋巴瘤11例,多发性骨髓瘤1例。外周血造血干细胞采用化疗加多抗甲素或C—CSF动员。移植物采用微波、阿克拉霉素净化处理。结果:两组动员方案均有良好动员效果。ABSCT组及联合移植组造血功能恢复比ABMT组快(P<0.05),合并症少。66例中,45例仍呈持续缓解(CCR),中位CCR时间32(5～98)个月,复发21例。3年无病生存率及复发率分别为68.5％及26.1％。结果表明:自体造血干细胞移植是根治恶性血液病的有效手段。ABSCT及联合移植具有造血功能恢复快,合并症少等优点。微波和阿克拉霉素体外净化移植物是一种简便、有效的净化方法。     

近视儿童配戴离焦软性接触镜与角膜塑形镜的安全性和有效性的观察比较

  目的  对比观察近视儿童配戴离焦软性接触镜与角膜塑形镜控制近视的有效性和安全性。  方法   回顾性研究2018年1月至2020年9月我院就诊的儿童近视患者临床资料,共75例儿童纳入分析。离焦软镜组:日戴周边离焦软性接触镜的近视儿童30例（60眼）,男性10例,女性20例,年龄（9.9±1.00）岁,等效球镜度数（?2.78±0.70）D。角膜塑形镜组:配戴角膜塑形镜的近视儿童45例(90眼),女性30例,男性15例,年龄（9.67±1.11）岁,等效球镜度数（?2.67±0.71）D。两组患儿均已配戴12个月及以上框架眼镜后验配接触镜。随访12个月,对比分析两组近视儿童眼轴变化情况及角膜结膜并发症情况。  结果  两组近视儿童戴框架眼镜期间眼轴增加较快,OrthoK组配前的框架期眼轴增量（0.34±0.09） mm,DISC组配前的框架期眼轴增量（0.37±0.07） mm;换为接触镜后戴接触镜12个月后,OrthoK 组眼轴增量（0.18±0.04） mm;DISC组眼轴增量（0.19±0.05） mm,两组儿童更换近视防控方案后眼轴增量均降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两种不同接触镜的眼轴长度增量接近,两者差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。配戴两种接触镜12个月期间,慢性滤泡性结膜炎发生率角膜塑形镜组为11.20%,离焦软镜组为20.00%,其中离焦软镜组比例略高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。角膜染色1级发生率角膜塑形镜组为66.70%,离焦软镜组为56.70%;角膜染色2级发生率角膜塑形镜组为17.80%,离焦软镜组为16.70%,其中两种程度的角膜染色角膜塑形镜组比例均略高于离焦软镜,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。接触镜乳头性结膜炎发生率角膜塑形镜组为2.20%,离焦软镜组为10.00%,离焦软镜发生率略高于角膜塑形镜,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。  结论  离焦软镜与角膜塑形镜均可有效控制近视儿童眼轴长度的进展,其控制效果均优于框架眼镜,两种接触镜对眼轴控制效果接近。两种接触镜的角结膜并发症较少,安全性较高。     

右美托咪定调控Nrf2/HO-1通路对H2O2诱导心肌细胞氧化应激损伤的作用研究

目的 探讨右美托咪定调控核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)通路对过氧化氢(H₂O₂)诱导心肌细胞氧化应激损伤的作用。方法 体外培养大鼠H9C2心肌细胞,设置对照组、H₂O₂组、1μmol右美托咪定+H₂O₂组、5μmol右美托咪定+H₂O₂组、10μmol右美托咪定+H₂O₂组。CCK-8法检测各组H9C2细胞增殖情况;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组H9C2细胞丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(q RT-PCR)检测各组H9C2细胞Nrf2、HO-1 mRNA相对表达量;Western blotting检测各组H9C2细胞Nrf2、HO-1蛋白相对表达量。结果 与对照组比较,H₂O₂组H9C2细胞存活率、SOD水平、Nrf2、HO-1 mRNA及蛋白相对...     

Genetic basis of tobacco smoking: strong association of a specific major histocompatibility complex haplotype on chromosome 6 with smoking behavior

The genetic basis for addiction to tobacco smoking--particularly that of the perception of olfactory stimuli that may be important in reinforcing smoking addiction--is largely unknown. A cluster of genes for olfactory receptors is in close proximity to the MHC region on chromosome 6. Polymorphisms of MHC class III genes (RCCX modules, TNFA promoter polymorphisms) were determined in 101 healthy subjects and 232 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients from Hungary with defined tobacco smoking habits. A highly significant association between ever smoking (past + current smokers) and a specific MHC haplotype was observed (odds ratios = 2.14-4.13; P-values = 0.012 to <0.001). This haplotype is characterized by the presence of C4A null alleles and a solitary short C4B gene linked to the TNF2 allele of the promoter for TNFA gene. This haplotype occurred more frequently in the ever smokers than in the never smokers [odds ratio: 4.97 (1.96-12.62); P = 0.001], and such associations were stronger in women (odds ratio = 13.6) than in men (odds ratio = 2.79). An independent study of complement C4 protein polymorphism and smoking habits in Icelandic subjects (n = 351) yielded similar and confirmative results. Considering the documented link between olfactory stimuli and smoking in females, and the presence of a cluster of odorant receptor genes close to the MHC class I region, our findings implicate a potential role of the MHC-linked olfactory receptor genes in the initiation of smoking.     

Ultrastructural analysis of hippocampal pyramidal neurons from apolipoprotein E-deficient mice treated with a cathepsin inhibitor

Cultured hippocampal slices prepared from apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice were exposed to an inhibitor of cathepsins B and L and then processed for an ultrastructural analysis of neuronal features for pyramidal cell bodies. Electron microscopy showed that the nuclei of pyramidal cells from treated hippocampal slices were more eccentrically located than those from untreated slices. In addition, increased numbers of vesicles were associated with the Golgi complex while microtubules were less frequent in the proximal dendrites. Consistent with previous studies in rats, treated apoE-deficient slices had increased numbers of lysosomes and multivesicular bodies. Finally, there were reductions in the number of synapses around the cell body, a finding similar to that found in the brains from Alzheimer's disease patients. These results provide ultrastructural data indicating that partial lysosomal dysfunction in apoE-deficient brains rapidly induces characteristic features of the aged human brain.     

Modified Dynabeads method for enumerating CD4+ T-lymphocyte count for widespread use in resource-limited situations

The Dynabeads method showed the potential for enumerating CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4 count) in HIV-1-infected individuals. The large volume of Dynabeads required for 1 sample and complex procedure made the method expensive and not easy for use, however. To decrease the cost and simplify the procedure, we reduced the volume of the Dynabeads, added wash times, and skipped over the staining step so as to count the CD4 cells directly under an optical microscope. The CD4 count of 246 blood samples using our modified Dynabeads method (DynabeadsCD4) showed a significant correlation with that obtained by flow cytometry (FlowcytoCD4) (r = 0.91 [P < 0.0001]; slope = 1.03, intercept = -16). The sensitivity and specificity for a CD4 count less than 200 cells/microL were 79% and 94%, and for a CD4 count less than 350 cells/microL, the sensitivity and specificity were 95% and 88%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values for a CD4 count less than 350 cells/microL were 97% and 83%, respectively. The systematic error was 8 cells/microL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4-16). The cost of Dynabeads for 1 sample was less than $1.00; thus, the estimated cost per DynabeadsCD4 test is less than $3.00, including the cost of other disposable materials. Our modified method is simple, economic, and accurate enough to monitor antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited situations.     

散发性戊型肝炎病毒感染的诊断

用基因工程重组的戊型肝炎病毒基因结构区第二码框架和第二读码框架具有免疫表位的嵌合抗原，建立了间接酶联免疫法，检测散发性急性肝炎病人血清中抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ抗体。在４６例急性肝炎病人中出抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＧ抗体阳性７例，阳性率为１５．２２％，７例ＩｇＧ抗体阳性中，有５例ＩｇＭ抗体也阳性，占７１．４％。     

Regionally selective changes in brain lysosomes occur in the transition from young adulthood to middle age in rats

The possibility that brain aging in rats exhibits regional variations of the type found in humans was studied using lysosomal chemistry as a marker. Age-related (two vs 12months; male Sprague-Dawley) differences in cathepsin D immunostaining were pronounced in the superficial layers of entorhinal cortex and in hippocampal field CA1, but not in neocortex and field CA3. Three changes were recorded: an increase in the intraneuronal area occupied by labeled lysosomes; clumping of immunopositive material within neurons; more intense cytoplasmic staining. Western blot analyses indicated that the increases involved the active forms of cathepsin D rather than their proenzyme. Shrinkage of cathepsin-D-positive neuronal cell bodies was observed in entorhinal cortex but not in neocortical sampling zones. Age-related lysosomal changes as seen with cathepsin B immunocytochemistry were considerably more subtle than those obtained with cathepsin D antibodies. In contrast, a set of glial and/or vascular elements located in a distal dendritic field of the middle-aged hippocampus was much more immunoreactive for cathepsin B than cathepsin D. The areas exhibiting sizeable changes in the present study are reported to be particularly vulnerable to aging in humans.The results thus suggest that aspects of brain aging common to mammals help shape neurosenescence patterns in humans.