Maternal Age at Menarche and Pubertal Timing in Boys and Girls: A Cohort Study From Chongqing,China

PurposeThis study explored the association of maternal age at menarche (AAM) with pubertal timing among girls and boys in Chongqing, China.MethodsPubertal development of 1,237 children (542 girls and 695 boys) were examined half-yearly through inspection and palpation from April 2014 to June 2019. Characteristics of parents and maternal AAM were collected by a parental questionnaire at baseline. Maternal AAM was used both as a continuous and a categorical variable in Cox regression models.ResultsA total of 1,198 children (528 girls and 670 boys) were included in the study. In the simple Cox model, earlier maternal AAM was associated with girls' earlier menarche, breast and pubic hair development, and boys' first ejaculation, testicular development, and genital development. When adjusting for children's body mass index z-scores (BMIz) and socioeconomic covariates, we found that girls whose mothers had early AAM had a higher risk of earlier onset of menarche (hazard ratio [HR]: .922, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .852–.998 for continuous maternal AAM, HR: 1.297, 95% CI: 1.041–1.616 for maternal AAM ≤13 years), and boys whose mother achieved menarche earlier experienced a higher risk of earlier onset of first ejaculation (HR: .896, 95% CI: .830–.968). Children's BMIz were related to all nine pubertal milestones. Parental education and relationship, birth weight, parity, and family type were also associated with pubertal timing.ConclusionsEarlier maternal AAM was related to earlier pubertal timing in both girls and boys in Chongqing, especially girls' age at menarche and boys' first ejaculation. Children's BMIz was the most consistent factor for pubertal timing. Children's BMIz and socioeconomic conditions had greater influence on most pubertal milestones than maternal AAM.     

Undocumented Migrants Reintroducing COVID-19, Yunnan Province,China

To limit the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the government of China has been monitoring infected travelers and minimizing cold-chain contamination. However, other factors might contribute to recurring outbreaks. We analyze the role of undocumented migrants as potential transmitters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in China.     

中孕期胎儿染色体异常高危孕妇羊水细胞胎儿染色体核型及介入性产前诊断指征的大样本分析

目的探讨中孕期胎儿染色体异常(FCA)高危孕妇羊水细胞胎儿染色体核型(FK)及其介入性产前诊断(IPD)指征。方法选择2014—2018年,在四川大学华西第二医院产前诊断中心进行羊膜腔穿刺术羊水细胞FK检测的63581例FCA高危孕妇(孕龄为19~27+6孕周)为研究对象。回顾性分析孕妇不同IPD指征及其胎儿染色体核型异常(FKA)检测结果。本研究遵循的程序符合四川大学华西第二医院伦理委员会所制定的伦理学标准,并通过该伦理委员会批准[审批文号:医学科研2019伦审批第(077)号]。结果①本组63581例中孕期孕妇的FKA检出率为3.13%(1989/63581)。这63581例孕妇的IPD指征分别为高龄(预产期年龄≥35岁)(25648例)、血清学筛查高风险(29009例)、无创产前筛查(NIPT)高风险(333例)、夫妇一方为染色体异常携带者(603例)、超声筛查发现胎儿结构异常及超声软指标异常(2647例)、异常儿生育史(1546例)、于外院进行羊水细胞FK分析结果异常者(7例)、孕妇智力低下及合并智力低下家族史(149例)、孕妇早孕期有害物质接触史(1400例)、其他(2239例),FKA检出率分别为3.26%(836/25648)、2.04%(593/29009)、65.17%(217/333)、34.33%(207/603)、3.51%(93/2647)、1.68%(26/1546)、85.71%(6/7)、4.03%(6/149)、0.14%(2/1400)、0.13%(3/2239)。②351例孕妇的IPD指征为超声筛查发现胎儿结构异常中,IPD指征为胎儿淋巴水囊瘤、皮肤水肿的FKA检出率最高,为26.09%(6/23)。2296例孕妇的IPD指征为胎儿超声软指标异常中,IPD指征为胎儿颈项透明层(NT)值≥2.5 mm的FKA检出率最高,为7.74%(66/853)。结论孕妇高龄、血清学筛查高风险、NIPT高风险、夫妇一方为染色体异常携带者、超声筛查发现胎儿结构异常及超声软指标异常等,均为中孕期孕妇FCA的IPD指征,孕妇IPD指征类型不同,FCA风险不同。羊膜腔穿刺术羊水细胞FK检测,可预测有IPD指征孕妇的妊娠结局,为降低FKA出生率提供参考。     

《2020 ACOG实践简报:孕龄≤70 d药物流产(No.225)》解读

药物流产(MA)是早孕期避孕失败的补救措施,主要药物为米非司酮和米索前列醇,二者联合使用,可使早孕期孕妇完全终止妊娠率达到90%。但是,MA导致的患者阴道流血时间长、量多,甚至阴道大流血,而需采取急诊刮宫术治疗等,尚未被彻底解决。如何安全、有效终止早孕期妊娠,保护女性生殖健康是目前国内外该领域的研究重点。美国妇产科医师学学会(ACOG)发布的《2020 ACOG实践简报:孕龄≤70 d药物流产(No.225)》对早孕期孕妇终止妊娠,具有重要指导作用。笔者拟就该简报对MA用于孕龄≤70 d孕妇的临床效果评估,MA用药方案、禁忌证、适应证,MA前咨询和检查,MA疼痛管理,MA后观察、预防性抗菌药物使用、随访管理、避孕措施9个方面基于循证医学推荐进行解读。     

TT分析法在头颈肿瘤体外药敏试验中的应用

为了选择有效抗癌药提供临床使用以提高化疗疗效 ,用MTT分析 ,对 32例头颈肿瘤术后切下的标本进行体外细胞培养 ,再用 5 -Fu ,VCR ,MTX ,BLM ,DDP ,ADM ,PYM和CTX进行药敏试验 .结果 :对 5 -Fu敏感 2 7例 ,占 84 4% ,VCR敏感 7例 ,占 2 1 9% ;MTX敏感 2 0例 ,占 6 2 5 % ;BLM敏感 2 6例 ,占 81 3% ;DDP敏感 2 6例 ,占 81 3% ;ADM敏感 13例 ,占 40 6 % ;PYM敏感 2 1例 ,占 6 5 6 % ;CTX敏感 1例 ,占 3 1% .32例患者化疗效果满意 ,未出现明显的副作用 ,均存活 3a以上 ,术后常规检查及复查未见复发或转移 .结果表明 :MTT法用于肿瘤细胞药敏试验是一种准确、快速、简便、经济 ,不需放射性同位素 ,结果重复性好的方法 ,值得推广应用 .     

人心肌肌凝蛋白重链的制备研究

目的：探讨制备人心肌肌凝蛋白重链（MHC）的方法,为制备其抗体提供抗原。方法：采用改良性制备人心肌MHC,通过SDS-PAGE及Western印迹分析其纯度及抗原特性。结果：①SDS-PAGE显示,纯化的人心肌MHC呈现只有一分子量较大的代表人心肌MHC带的典型图像;②Western印迹显示,200ku处有一典型的感光带。结论：所用的改良法能有效地提取纯化人心肌MHC,可满足制备其抗体的需要。     

化疗联合乌体林斯治疗复治性肺结核30例短期疗效分析

目的：观察和分析乌体林斯在复治性肺结核治疗中疗效,促进结核病早期愈合,方法：采用随机分组法,将60例复治性肺结核分为乌体林斯治疗组（A组30例）和对照组（B组30例）,A组HLZE＋乌体林斯治疗3个月,B组HLZE治疗3个月,结果：治疗3个月后,A组痰涂片阳转阴率53％,痰菌培养阳转阴率56％,B组痰涂片阳转阴率21％,痰菌培养阳性阴率17％,痰菌转阴率A组显著高于B组。（P＜0．05）,A组X线病灶吸收率60％,B组病灶吸收率30％,A组显著高于B组（P＜0．05）,结论：乌体林斯能增强复治性肺结核患者抗痨药物的效果,有助于痰菌阴转,病灶吸收好转,疗效明显高于单用抗痨药物的患者。     

肝硬化患者胰高糖素负荷的血c—AMP及血糖反应性观察

目的观察肝硬化患者对胰高糖素负荷后的血c-AMP及血糖反应能力.方法38例肝硬化患者按Child-Pugh肝功能分级,分为A级(10例),B级(14例),C级(14例)三个亚组.11例健康者为对照组.清晨空腹静卧,套管针肘静脉穿刺并固定15min后采集基础血c-AMP和血糖标本,即刻以每公斤体重2.5μg胰高糖素快速静脉注射(30s内),分别于注射后5,15,30及45min采集血c-AMP和血糖标本.以放射免疫法测定血浆c-AMP浓度.以葡萄糖氧化酶法测定血糖浓度.结果肝硬化各组与对照组比较,基础血浆c-AMP浓度均显著高于对照组,而基础血糖无显著差异.胰高糖素负荷后5min血浆c-AMP浓度即明显增高,于10～15min达高峰,多数达峰时间在10min;血糖于5min开始升高,15～30min达高峰,多数达峰时间在30min,肝硬化各组的血c-AMP及血糖反应曲线均低于对照组,且肝硬化严重程度愈重,血c-AMP及血糖反应曲线愈低,峰值血浆c-AMP及峰值血糖浓度,肝硬化总体(122.08±84.39pmol/ml,5.71±0.75mmol/LA级(148.07±85.08pmol/ml,6.25±0.48mmol/L)、B级(120.47±173.34pmol/ml,5.84±0.60mmol/L)及C级(83.04±50.96pmol/ml,5.11±0.67mmol/L)均显著低于对照组(219.47±173.34pmol/ml,7.28±0.89mmol/L),且随肝硬化严重程度增加而显著降低.结论肝硬化患者对胰高糖负荷的血c-AMP及血糖反应能力减弱,且随肝硬化严重程度增加而减弱.