去白细胞输血预防非溶血性发热性输血反应的临床应用

目的：评价临床输注法去白细胞红细胞悬液和浓缩血小板预防非溶血性发热性输血反应（FNHTR）的效果。方法：选择100例肝硬化、胃溃疡和胃癌等病人输注去白细胞红细胞悬液，对照组相类似50例病人输注普通红细胞悬液。240例急慢性白血病、再生障碍性贫血、多发性骨髓瘤、血小板减少性紫癜、糖尿病、肝硬化、上消化道出血、重症肝炎、烧伤、癌症放、化疗等患者分为两组，各组120例随机接受去白细胞血小板或未去白细胞血小板悬液。观察这些患者FNHTR的发生率。结果：在100例接受去白细胞红细胞悬液的患者中未发生FNHTR，对照组50例患者中有8例发生FNHTR，发生率为16%；血小板输注的患者中，去白细胞和未去白细胞的FNHTR发生7例和25例，发生率分别为5.83%和20.83%。结论：去白细胞输血可防止或减低FNHTR的发生。     

头孢呋辛酯制备工艺的改进

以头孢呋辛钠为原料，从制备（R，S）-乙酸1-溴乙酯开始。经酯化反应的溶剂沉淀过程无须分离直接制得高纯度非晶型的头孢呋辛酯。本制备方法简便，适于工为化生产。     

葛根对小白鼠免疫功能的影响

从免疫学方面探讨中药葛根的强身健体作用。方法 :用 10 0 %葛根水浸出液定期给小鼠灌胃 ,然后检测小鼠抗体产生能力、淋巴细胞转化率、巨噬细胞吞噬的功能。结果 :用药组小白鼠以上免疫学指标均有显著增强作用 ,与对照组相比有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。未见有副作用。结论 :口服葛根可明显增强机体免疫功能。     

Studies on the effect of tetrandrine on microtubules. I. Biochemical observation and electron microscopy

Microtubules were purified by using two cycles of assembly and disassembly processes on fresh brain homogenates from 30 guinea pigs. The yield was about 60 mg. The effect of tetrandrine on tubulin was determined by spectrophotometric analysis and electron microscopy. In addition, we used the indirect immunofluorescent method including tubulin antibody to locate the presence of microtubules in 3T3 cells by fluorescence microscopy. The effects of colchicine and P204 were studied for comparison at the same time. The results showed that colchicine can effectively depolymerize microtubules, while tetrandrine showed aggregation, and in a different manner. The shape and structure of microtubules were definitely destroyed by colchicine, but were not affected by P204 which protected against the destructive effect of tetrandrine. This result indicated the safety of using a combination of P204 and tetrandrine in the treatment of silicosis.     

Cardia: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects

In 1984, a prospective cohort study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) was initiated to investigate life-style and other factors that influence, favorably and unfavorably, the evolution of coronary heart disease risk factors during young adulthood. After a year of planning and protocol development, 5,116 black and white women and men, age 18-30 years, were recruited and examined in four urban areas: Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Oakland, California. The initial examination included carefully standardized measurements of major risk factors as well as assessments of psychosocial, dietary, and exercise-related characteristics that might influence them, or that might be independent risk factors. This report presents the recruitment and examination methods as well as the mean levels of blood pressure, total plasma cholesterol, height, weight and body mass index, and the prevalence of cigarette smoking by age, sex, race and educational level. Compared to recent national samples, smoking is less prevalent in CARDIA participants, and weight tends to be greater. Cholesterol levels are representative and somewhat lower blood pressures in CARDIA are probably, at least in part, due to differences in measurement methods. Especially noteworthy among several differences in risk factor levels by demographic subgroup, were a higher body mass index among black than white women and much higher prevalence of cigarette smoking among persons with no more than a high school education than among those with more education.     

骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养及生物学特性研究

目的：通过体外细胞的培养方法将骨髓间充质干细胞由骨髓血中分离出来并加以纯化，进一步在体外培养条件下研究其增殖及生长特征，从而为探讨后续利用组织工程学方法修复肌肉骨骼系统组织缺损的可能性提供实验基础。方法：从骨髓血中提取间充质干细胞，体外培养扩增，再以相差显微镜、电镜观察并绘制生长曲线。结果：（1）通过离体培养，可以使体内环境下低丰度的骨髓间充质干细胞实现数目扩增。（2）体外培养条件下骨髓间充质干细胞具有成纤维细胞的生长特性。（3）体外单层培养条件下贴壁生长的骨髓间充质干细胞会出现“返祖现象”。（4）骨髓间充质干细胞内细胞器与其生物活性变化相一致。结论：骨髓间充质干细胞体外培养成功为今后利用自体间充质干细胞通过组织工程学方法修复肌肉骨骼系统的组织缺损提供功能细胞奠定了基础。     

头低位—6°卧床中血,尿中Cu,Zn—SOD的酶免疫法测定

报道了用辣根过氧化物酶作标记，测定人血，尿Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ含量的高灵敏度酶联免疫反应体系。该方法在０．０５－５ｎｇ范围内检测重复性好，灵敏度比以前报道的放射免疫法和栈联免疫法灵敏度高。批内实验和批是实验的变异系数分别为１．１７－７．９４％和１．９４－１０．７３％。血和尿Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ的平均回收率分别为１０１．０－１１３．８％和９６．０－１１６．０％。用该方法测定人血、尿Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ含量     

HLA‐DPB1 allelic frequency of the Pumi ethnic group in south‐west China and evolutionary relationship of Pumi with other populations

A sequencing‐based typing of the HLA‐DPB1 gene was carried out in 51 unrelated healthy individuals from the Yunnan Pumi ethnic minority. A total of 18 DPB1 alleles, in which DPB1*0501 (52.0%) and DPB1*0402 (15.7%) greatly predominated, were found, of which alleles DPB1*20011, 2201, 3601, 3701, 3801, 4901, 5001 and 8001 were recorded for the first time in the Chinese population. This may be because the typing methods used in previous genotyping of Chinese populations were of lower sensitivity than that used in our study. A dendrogram constructed by the maximum likelihood method showed that the Pumi ethnic minority belongs to the Asian/Australasian cluster and has the closest relationship to Trobriander, implying an unusual relationship between Australasian and South China populations. However, the Yi ethnic minority, which also comes from the ancient Qiang, did not show a very close relationship with the Pumi. This is probably because the Pumi were historically assimilated by local south‐west China populations.     

Synthesis and release of 5-fluorouracil from poly(N-vinylpyrrolidinone) bearing 5-fluorouracil derivatives.

1-beta-allyloxycarbonyloxymethyl-5-fluorouracil (4) and 1,3-bis(beta-allyloxycarbonyloxymethyl)-5-fluorouracil (5) were synthesised by reacting 5-fluorouracil with formaldehyde followed by treating the product with isopropenyl chloroformate. The monomers 4 and 5 were copolymerized separately with N-vinylpyrrolidinone to form linear copolymers and cross-linked polymer networks, respectively. The monomer reactivity ratios in the copolymerization of 4 with NVP were evaluated by both linear and non-linear methods and the effect of monomer feed composition on copolymer molecular weight was examined. The degradation of the polymer networks in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was investigated. The hydrolytic scission of the carbonate groups resulted in release of 5-fluorouracil and a decrease in cross-linking density. The time-dependent fractional release of the 5-FU could be fitted by a power relationship with exponents between 0.10 and 0.25.     

Red blood cells stimulate fibroblast-mediated contraction of three dimensional collagen gels in co-culture

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Following injury, red blood cells (RBC) may interact with extracellular matrix (ECM). In the present study we hypothesised that RBC, and soluble factors from RBC, might mediate remodelling of ECM by affecting fibroblast-mediated contraction of three dimensional collagen gels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1), were cultured together with isolated RBC, conditioned medium from RBC (RBC-CM) and hemolysed RBC in type I collagen gels. Gel contraction was determined by an image analyser. RESULTS: Both RBC, RBC-CM and hemolysed RBC stimulated gel contraction by fibroblasts (P < 0.001), compared to fibroblasts alone. The RBC-CM stimulated (P < 0.01) gel contraction in a time and concentration dependent manner. A similar effect was observed when supernatant from hemolysed RBC was tested. The production of fibronectin was increased (P < 0.01) in the co-culture system, compared to fibroblasts cultured alone. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that RBC can interact with mesenchymal cells in vitro. The ability of RBC to modulate fibroblast-mediated contraction in vitro, might therefore be an important mechanism regulating repair processes after injury.